
John M CarrollGeorgia Southern University | GSU · Department of Biology
John M Carroll
PhD
About
49
Publications
9,844
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569
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
Education
June 2006 - August 2012
September 2000 - May 2020
Southampton College
Field of study
- Marine science, biology conentration
Publications
Publications (49)
Living shorelines (LS) stabilize eroding banks while providing more natural habitats and creating a gentler slope for enhanced migration of flora and fauna migration as sea levels rise. Typical LS practices include using several different materials, including oyster shell bags, to stabilize shorelines and planting marsh grasses. However, incorporat...
Spatial variation in parasitic infection may have many physical and biological drivers. Uncovering these drivers may be especially important for parasites of ecosystem engineers because the engineers are foundational to their communities. Oysters are an important coastal ecosystem engineer that have declined drastically worldwide, in part due to en...
Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, are commercially important coastal species
that provide many ecosystem services for coastal communities. Unfortunately, 85%
of oyster reefs have been lost globally, prompting investments in restoration efforts to
rebuild populations. Managers often consider several well-studied environmental
and water quality...
Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, are ecologically and economically important coastal species which provide a commercially valuable food product while also improving water quality through filtration, protecting shorelines, and providing habitat. The protozoan parasites Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nesloni commonly infect oysters along...
Nest site selection has consequences for hatching success by mediating the temperature and moisture conditions that eggs experience during the incubation period. Understanding the potentially complex pathways by which nest placement influences these abiotic mediators, and therefore hatching success, is important for predicting which nests will be s...
Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) is a globally threatened sea turtle species that nests on United States Atlantic coast beaches. While several environmental factors influence egg incubation and hatching success, maternal identity may also play an important role and has been overlooked. New molecular advances, such as ongoing genetic capture–...
During the past century, bivalve populations across the globe have collapsed, resulting in negative ecosystem consequences due to their outsized impact on shallow estuaries. In response, there has been strong interest in the restoration of marine bivalve populations. Here, we present a decade-long restoration effort that sought to rebuild a collaps...
The Atlantic slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata, is a sequential hermaphrodite whose size at sex change is plastic with respect to social and population cues. As an organism allocates energy between growth, reproduction, and maintenance, the increased cost of one process may affect another. Thus, C. fornicata affected by a stressor might have to a...
Ribbed mussels, Geukensia demissa, are marsh fauna that are used in coastal management and restoration due to the ecosystem services they provide. Ribbed mussel restoration efforts may be improved with a greater understanding of the environmental drivers of ribbed mussel distribution at multiple spatial scales to predict areas where restoration cou...
While predation impacts the abundance and distribution of prey species, the overall impact of predation varies with predator identity, predator density, and habitat complexity, among other factors. Numerous commercially and recreationally important prey species, such as bivalves, face intense predation that may affect management and restoration eff...
Reef-building eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, provide many ecosystem services, including production of valuable commercial products, formation of complex habitats, improved water quality and shoreline protection. Despite this, oyster populations have experienced dramatic declines throughout their range, spawning massive investment in manage...
Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) provide multiple ecosystem services to coastal habitats. Due to their declines, numerous restoration efforts target oysters, making it critical to explore factors that might limit recovery. Biotic stressors, such as pea crabs and boring sponges, can negatively affect oysters, and may interact with abiotic stressors l...
Clionaid boring sponges (Cliona sp.) may affect individual oyster growth and condition while destroying oyster habitats, which can impact restoration efforts and aquaculture for eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Since both oysters and boring sponges are affected by similar abiotic variables (i.e., salinity, tidal exposure), this study explor...
Purpose of Review
After several decades of research on edge effects in marine habitats, we still have little understanding of how organisms respond to marine ecotones, and methodological gaps appear to be limiting our progress. Using recent literature (2010–2018), we synthesized responses and processes of organisms across several marine habitats. S...
In our ongoing bay scallop restoration efforts in eastern Long Island, NY, USA, we have planted millions of hatchery‐reared juveniles to serve as broodstock when they mature. These plantings have driven the resurgence of larval recruitment, benthic population sizes and commercial fishery landings over a 12‐year period. In this paper, we detail an a...
Both biotic and abiotic factors can affect whether seagrass meadows establish as large, continuous features or as a mosaic of smaller patches, and these processes act across multiple spatial scales. Of these processes, sexual recruitment is considered vital for the recovery and resilience of seagrass meadows. Because numerous estuarine fauna can im...
The salt marsh periwinkle, Littorina irrorata , exhibits a spatial refuge from predation by climbing the stems of Spartina alterniflora in order to avoid benthic predators. Salt marsh periwinkles have a broad geographic distribution, and for many species, responses to predators also varies with biogeography. This study sought to determine if the ge...
Periwinkle experiment raw data.
Raw data of snail climbing heights in the presence or absence of predator chemical cues. Sheet 1 is the metadata, highlighting the collection locations, cue types and height descriptions. Sheet 2 is the data from the single population experiments, and Sheet 3 is the mixed population treatments.
The salt marsh periwinkle, Littorina irrorata, exhibits a spatial refuge from predation by climbing the stems of Spartina alterniflora in order to avoid benthic predators. Salt marsh periwinkles have a broad geographic distribution, and for many species, responses to predators also varies with biogeography. This study sought to determine if the geo...
The salt marsh periwinkle, Littorina irrorata, exhibits a spatial refuge from predation by climbing the stems of Spartina alterniflora in order to avoid benthic predators. Salt marsh periwinkles have a broad geographic distribution, and for many species, responses to predators also varies with biogeography. This study sought to determine if the geo...
The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica provides a number of ecosystem services and is an important commercial fishery species along the US East and Gulf Coasts. Oyster populations have declined dramatically due to overharvesting, habitat loss, and disease. As restoration efforts and aquaculture of oysters continue to increase throughout their ran...
Boring sponges belonging to the family Clionaidae have become a destructive nuisance to eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) aquaculture and restoration efforts in the southeastern USA. Clionaid sponges colonize the inner layers of oyster shells and remove carbonate material, compromising the quality and marketability of the oyster; however, rela...
The boring sponge Cliona celata is a nuisance species that can have deleterious
effects on eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica growth, condition, and survival. Surprisingly, however, these effects have not been well documented and when examined, results have been equivocal. In this study, we provide a direct comparison of growth, condition, and su...
Intensive efforts to restore bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians populations and fisheries in the Peconic Bays of eastern Long Island, New York, USA, were begun in 2006, following a 12 yr period during which commercial fishery landings averaged 1 to 2% of historical levels seen prior to 1985 to 1995 brown tide algal blooms. Compared to 2005...
Oyster populations are often structured by both biotic interactions and abiotic stresses. Juvenile oysters, i.e. those most vulnerable to predation, face a wide range of predatory characteristics (size, mobility) such that predator identity might exert a strong influence on oyster populations. Likewise, oyster reef location, either as isolated patc...
We conducted two field experiments to test the hypothesis that recruitment of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea
virginica, could be enhanced through the selective deployment of artificial settlement cues. For both experiments, either dead shell or live oysters were cemented to patio blocks. In the first experiment, half of the blocks received discs t...
Predation is among the most important biotic factors affecting benthic populations. Habitat complexity, such as seagrass shoot density, can significantly reduce rates of predation by changing predator and prey behaviors, increasing searching and handling times, and reducing encounter rates; this relationship is assumed to be nonlinear. For bay scal...
The invasive Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, has recently been observed occupying salt marshes, a novel environment for this crab species. As it invades this new habitat, it is likely to interact with a number of important salt marsh species. To understand the potential effects of H. sanguineus on this ecosystem, interac-tions between thi...
In marine systems, seagrass meadows, which serve as essential nursery and adult habitat for numerous species, experience fragmentation through both human activity and environmental processes. Results from studies involving seagrass patch size and
edge effects on associated fauna have shown that patchy seagrass habitats can be either beneficial or d...
Bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, supported vibrant fisheries which subsequently collapsed, as such, they are a focus species for many restoration efforts along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. The scallops’ preferred habitat, seagrass, has also dramatically declined, and some scallop populations have increased post-restoration...
Bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians populations and fisheries in the Peconic Bays of eastern Long Island, New York, USA, were decimated by brown tide algal blooms between 1985 and 1995. Despite the absence of brown tide since 1995, populations did not recover on their own over the next 11 yr. We hypothesized that this was due to recruitment...
Netminder ® , a water-based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow-out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large-scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder ® -coated nets experienced reduced...
Edge effects are a dominant subject in landscape ecology literature, yet they are highly variable and poorly understood. Often, the literature suggests simple models for edge effects-positive (enhancement at the edge), negative (enhancement at the interior), or no effect (neutral)--on a variety of metrics, including abundance, diversity, and mortal...
Two different methods of establishing high-density spawner sanctuaries for bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) restoration were evaluated over 2years at a site in Northwest Harbor, East Hampton, New York, USA. Hatchery-reared scallops,
which had been overwintered at nearby sites, were free-planted directly to the bottom in late March/early...
Eelgrass, Zostera marina, is generally regarded as the preferred habitat of bay scallops, but in some cases scallop populations have persisted or increased in areas lacking eelgrass. This suggests that some other substrate(s) may serve important ecological functions for bay scallops. One candidate is Codium fragile, a macroalgal species with which...
Globally, anthropogenic activities have degraded many estuarine habitat types, includ- ing seagrass meadows. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which light and nutri- ents limit the productivity of eelgrass Zostera marina in Long Island estuaries (NY, USA) while con- currently assessing the ability of hard clams Mercenaria me...
Questions
Question (1)
We have collected Holothuria mexicana and Isostichopus badionotus for stable isotope analysis. We have tried drying, freeze-drying, mortar and pestle, coffee grinders, tissue grinders, etc., with no success at grinding the tissues up fine enough to homogenize the sample and run on the spec. Anyone try to do this? Suggestions?