Johannes J.H. Paulides

• Doctor of Philosophy
• CEO and R&D at AE-Group www.ae-grp.nl

Magnetic Vibration Isolation Solutions for High Performance and Automotive Semi-Active Suspension and Active Suspension Systems, Mac Pherson example

The commutation angle is defined as the angle between the fundamental of the motor phase current and the fundamental of the back-EMF. It can be utilised to provide a compensating effect in IPMSMs. This is due to the reluctance torque component being dependent on the commutation angle of the phase current even before entering the extended speed rang...

Energy from ocean surface waves is the most prominent form of marine energy. The waves are produced by gravitational water waves (2.2e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> Hz), in combination with the short wind and swell waves (0.03-1 Hz). The energy density and predictability of w...

This study provides analytic solutions for the magnetic field of coils and magnets that have a non‐axisymmetric cylindrical geometry with a rectangular cross‐section. New analytic solutions are provided for radially magnetized permanent magnet arcs, thin coil disc sectors, and thick coil sectors. If components of the 3D field are not representable...

The commutation angle, γ, of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor's (IPMSM) vector diagram, plays an important role in compensating the back electromotive force (back-EMF); both under phase current variations and an extended speed range, is required by the application. This commutation angle is defined as the angle between the fundamental...

Did you know that all functionalities of our body are controlled by smart, super‐intelligent, electrical systems? We actually do need these multi‐billions of electrical signals in our nervous system to transfer the information via our central and autonomous nervous system to maintain and control, organs, muscle functions, and brain and spinal cord...

This paper presents the design of a hybrid excited flux switching Vernier machine. This machine is designed to serve in renewable energy conversion applications, such as a wind turbine generator, or tidal turbine generator. After introducing this original structure, a design based on finite element models is conducted. The specifications correspond...

The commutation angle, γ, of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor's (IPMSM) vector diagram, plays an important role in compensating the back electromotive force; both under load phase current variations and/or when an extended speed range, being near the constant power range, is required by the application. This commutation angle is defin...

The commutation angle, γ, of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor’s (IPMSM) vector diagram, plays an important role in compensating the back electromotive force; both under load phase current variations and/or when an extended speed range, being near the constant power range, is required by the application. This commutation angle is defin...

Hybrid excited synchronous machines (HESM) combine permanent-magnet (PM) excitation and wound field (WF) excitation. The goal of hybrid excitation is to combine the advantages of PM excited machines and wound field synchronous machines. HESM have been identified as one of the emerging technologies for modern energy conversion systems. They have bee...

Test benches designed to characterize ultra high speed electric motors and electrical driven components like e-chargers, e-compressors etc. Based on a standardized test software and control the system includes a modular system platform, fully automatic operation, integrated data management as well as real-time control and analysis. Powertrain test...

Active electromagnetic suspension offers many benefits over conventional and semi-active suspension systems • Electromagnetic suspension is a high bandwidth and efficient solution for improving handling and comfort • AE Suspension offers a very high force density (low mass) and fail-safe solution as a retro-fit to your vehicle

• Ultimate ride performance from suspension • High bandwidth (100Hz) system not needing road scanning (LiDAR) • The ride beyond semi-active damping and air suspension also for an autonomous vehicle • Fast active suspension improves vehicle electronic stability control performance and reduces braking distance Ultimate performance that improves: skid...

https://www.facebook.com/electricsuperbiketwente/videos/2141305179235621/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOu-ngREnd0

VICTORY! Finished 1st in the #MotoE and 3th overall (including petrol bikes NG Road Racing) with the fastest lap in 1:23.7 #LiionGP

In comparison with common combustion motor driven vehicles future electric driven vehicles vary more in their reachable range because of the high drive train efficiency and the different energy demand requirements in different drive conditions. One of the main issues to improve the overall range is the minimization of energy consumption. On the one...

This paper presents a summary of a vibrational behaviour investigation of a 27 slots / 24 poles combination surface mounted synchronous electric motor. To achieve this investigation, first, an electromagnetic analysis is done using a quasi 3D finite element model allowing to consider the rotor skewing and to compute the machine magnetic quantities....

This paper presents a summary of a vibrational behavior investigation of a 27 slots / 24 poles combination surface mounted synchronous electric motor. To achieve this investigation, first, an electromagnetic analysis is done using a quasi 3D finite element model allowing to consider the rotor skewing and to compute the machine magnetic quantities....

In the last decades the magnetic charge method has proven to be an excellent tool to analyze and design permanent magnet based systems. Recent research has shown that inclusion of the relative permeability of magnetic materials is also possible using the extended charge method. Contrary to popular believe, it is also possible to include currents in...

Variable flux reluctance machines are interesting candidates to substitute permanent-magnet synchronous machines in many applications. However, they suffer from large torque ripple. In this paper two methods, stepped rotor skewing and rotor teeth non-uniformity are researched to reduce the torque ripple of 12/10 (stator/rotor pole ratio) variable f...

The modeling and optimization of a direct-drive contactless tubular linear generator is investigated to ensure a highly reliable device with long lifetime for vibration energy harvesting application. A slotless structure is considered to minimize force ripples and simplify later control. A semi-analytical model based on harmonic Fourier modeling is...

This study investigates how to improve the fault tolerance or availability of an electrical drive containing a three-phase 12 stator teeth/10 rotor poles (12/10) the flux-switching permanent magnet machine. In this respect, space-vector modulation and space-phasor modulation will be analysed in this type of machine for control scheme design under t...

The field calculus for electrical machines is realized solving subdomain problems. Most often, the latter are solved using either finite element analysis or the semi-analytical solution of a Laplace or Poisson equation obtained by separation of variables. The first option can capture complex geometries but becomes slow for high accuracy, whereas th...

In this paper, six different modelling methods for permanent magnet (PM) electric machines are compared in terms of their computational complexity and accuracy. The methods are based primarily on conformal mapping, mode matching, and harmonic modelling. In the case of conformal mapping, slotted air gap of a complex machine geometry is transformed t...

Hybrid or full electric propulsions for inland ships are becoming more popular. In these application, direct-drive PM propulsion motors are a preferred machine configuration. This paper discusses the challenges to determine the losses, as estimated with simulations, during the testing procedures of a 350kW at 300rpm, respectively. The full-load tes...

The 3D modeling technique presented in this paper, predicts, with high accuracy, electromagnetic fields and corresponding dynamic effects in conducting regions for rotating machines with slotless windings, e.g. self-supporting windings. The presented modeling approach can be applied to a wide variety of slotless winding configurations, including sk...

This paper provides a comparative analysis of three types of electrical drives with rare-earth- free reluctance motors for next-generation 48V mild hybrid automotive applications. The drives with switched reluctance motors (SRM), variable flux reluctance motors (VFRM) and synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) are compared considering aspects like c...

Speed range maximization of a traction drive is one of the main focus points in transportation electrification research. This paper presents a range improvement method, suitable for each type of open-winding three-phase electric machine. A dual-inverter drive system is proposed, which is capable of enhancing the phase voltages applied to the open-w...

A fast, semi-analytical model for induction motors (IMs) is presented. In comparison to traditional analytical models for IMs, such as lumped parameter, magnetic equivalent circuit and anisotropic layer models, the presented model calculates a continuous distribution of the magnetic flux density in the air gap and both the stator and rotor slots of...

This paper is concerned with the analytical calculation of the interaction force between two permanent magnets (PMs) under relative rotation by means of the surface charge method, taking into account the non-unity relative permeability of the PMs. This model combines high accuracy and short calculation time. As the considered PM configuration is a...

In automotive systems, reliability and cost are paramount for the success of electrical drive systems. Considering the switched reluctance motor (SRM), the power electronics cost dominates the total cost of the electrical drive. In this respect, especially the dc-link capacitor significantly contributes to the total bill of the material. This paper...

Design of high performance, low cost and clean propulsion systems requires multiple disciplines such as physics, mathematics, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and specialisms like control engineering and safety. This paper details the program of EU FP7 Multi-ITN project ADvanced Electric Powertrain Technology (ADEPT) and presents a re...

In this paper a cross-shaped isolator consisting of cuboidal magnets and a cylindrical isolator are compared by resonance frequency to volume ratio and shape. Both isolators are capable of obtaining a low resonance frequency, i.e. 0.15 Hz and 0.01 Hz for the cross and cylinder, respectively. The volume of both isolators is comparable, only the shap...

Low-speed high-torque applications, e.g. wind energy generation, favor high number of pole solutions. This usually results in a dominating leakage flux in traditionally radial or axial field machines while the output power remains constant. Within Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) an increase in output power proportional to the number of poles is achi...

This paper concerns an initial simplified steady- state method to start to evaluate the behavior of a dc-excited flux-switching motor at a steady- state, or slow dynamic, vehicle level. Starting from a simplified finite-element motor representation, a two-dimensional co-energy lookup table model is extracted. Then, a model reduction is performed to...

In this paper, a study on the energy conversion and the consequent torque production mechanism in hybrid excited variable reluctance machines (HEVRMs) is presented. The derived torque expressions of single-phase HEVRMs with different switching strategies show a similarity to that of DC machines (DCMs), wound-field synchronous machines (WFSMs), or p...

A widely used method for the magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet (PM) machines is the harmonic modeling (HM) method. Despite its many advantages, the application of this method is limited to machines in which armature currents, as a source of the magnetic field, are known. Since most of PM machines are supplied with three phase voltages,...

High-speed permanent magnet (PM) machines, supplied by PWM voltage source inverters, operate with distorted stator currents. Harmonics present in these stator currents deteriorate the machine performance by generating losses. Mostly these losses are following the machine design using a transient finite element model. The precise measurement of thes...

A semi-analytical framework is presented for the analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Motors. The model is based on a recently refined definition of the Harmonic Modeling Technique for electromagnetic actuators in polar coordinates, and includes the magnetic field solution in the soft-magnetic motor parts. In order to implement the model, a polar rep...

Recent advances have been made into modeling soft-magnetic materials using the surface charge model. Up till now, the model has only been used to model the field outside the soft-magnetic material. To include saturation in the future, the magnetic field inside the material should be known. In this paper the model is used to calculated the field ins...

Offshore wind farms are gaining more attention in the development of new renewable energy sources at the expense of onshore wind farms. The higher energy yield of an offshore wind farm is the main advantage [1]. The reliability and efficiency of the wind turbine is of great significance as the capital costs for installation and maintenance as well...

This paper explores the design of an ultralight-weight power and torque dense motor to enhance the performance of a light-weight electric racing vehicle. Such a racing vehicle is to compete in formula student racing events. The state-of-the-art powertrain in these vehicles are axial-field machines or medium speed radial-field machines with a gear....

The GREEN TURBINE™ is a high speed double turbine generator which generates electricity from waste heat. This external combustion, e.g. from waste heat (steel mill), biomass or extracted from the tailpipe of an internal combustion engine, makes it possible to control combustion and therefore emission levels to a very high degree. As the temperature...

Due to development in fields of materials and power electronics, use of high-speed electrical machines has boosted significantly in recent decades. They are widely used in number of applications, such as electrically assisted turbochargers, flywheel energy storage systems, spindle applications, turbo molecular pumps, micro gas turbines. In applicat...

Modeling the 3-D flux patterns within Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) is one of the main challenges during their design. The analysis and design are often based on 3-D Finite Element Methods (FEM). Analytical models of TFMs are mostly limited to Magnetic Equivalent Circuits (MEC). This paper uses an analytical magnetic charge model to calculate the...

Harmonic content of the output voltage of pulse width modulated voltage source inverters (PWM VSI) is determined by the switching frequency. On the other hand, rotor losses in high-speed permanent magnet (PM) machines are caused, among other factors, by harmonics in stator currents. These harmonics are determined by the harmonics in the inverter ou...

Due to the increasing demand for high-efficiency electric motors and the maturity of vector-controlled motor drives, the Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) has received an increasing amount of attention over the past few years. Classically, SynRMs are analysed using analytical models such as presented by Vagati et al.[1]. These models require lit...

A widely used method for the magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet (PM) machines is the harmonic modeling (HM) method. Despite its many advantages, the application of this method is limited to machines in which armature currents, as a source of the magnetic field, are known. Since most of the PM machines are supplied with three-phase volta...

Recent advances have been made into modeling the soft-magnetic materials using the surface charge model. Until now, the model has only been used to model the field outside the soft-magnetic material. To include the saturation in the future, the magnetic field inside the material should be known. In this paper, the model is used to calculate the fie...

High-speed permanent magnet machines, supplied by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage source inverters, operate with distorted stator currents. Harmonics present in these stator currents deteriorate the machine performance by generating losses. Mostly, these losses are following the machine design using a transient finite-element model. The precise...

This paper explores the design of an ultralight-weight power and torque dense motor to enhance the performance of a light-weight electric racing vehicle. Such a racing vehicle is to compete in formula student racing events. The state-of-the-art powertrain in these vehicles are axial-field machines or medium speed radial-field machines with a gear....

The GREEN TURBINE™ is a high speed double turbine generator which generates electricity from waste heat. This external combustion, e.g. from waste heat (steel mill), biomass or extracted from the tailpipe of an internal combustion engine, makes it possible to control combustion and therefore emission levels to a very high degree. As the temperature...

Modeling the 3-D flux patterns within Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) is one of the main challenges during their design. The analysis and design are often based on 3-D Finite Element Methods (FEM). Analytical models of TFMs are mostly limited to Magnetic Equivalent Circuits (MEC). This paper uses an analytical magnetic charge model to calculate the...

The use of electrical machines (EMs) with variable-frequency drives (VFDs) results in electromagnetic interference (EMI). At high frequencies (HFs) of conducted EMI, the impedance of an EM insulation system fed from a VFD is small due to the parasitic capacitive couplings. Thus, the conducted EMI currents flow through the insulation into the other...

Flux-switching machines (FSMs) are a viable candidate for electric propulsion of hybrid/electric vehicles. This paper investigates the field weakening performance of FSMs. The investigation starts with general torque and voltage expressions, which reveal the relationships between certain parameters and the produced torque and induced voltage of thi...

Due to development in fields of materials and power electronics, use of high-speed electrical machines has boosted significantly in recent decades. They are widely used in number of applications, such as electrically assisted turbochargers, flywheel energy storage systems, spindle applications, turbo molecular pumps, micro gas turbines. In applicat...

In this paper, several of analytical methods for modelling the magnetic field are described. These models are used in design routines of the rotating machines , linear motors as well as actuators. Thanks to their high accuracy and low requirements for computation power, they are successfully implemented in designing high precision machines. In orde...

Commercially available electrical machines are generally not optimized for a broad operating range, as required in e.g. vehicle traction applications. The required mechanical angular velocity of the wheels for electrical vehicle propulsion is relatively low (around 1,000rpm), while the torque demand is high (around 500Nm). This combination requires...

This paper investigates the applicability of the CoEnergy approach for a DC excited flux-switching motor. Based on CoEnergy data extracted from a finite element model, a macromodel of the motor is created. This "fast" model allows to work with analytical functions instead of lookup tables. The proposed model has a good accuracy when the excitation...

Hybrid electric ship propulsions are becoming a leading/emerging area of research, prompting investigation in hybrid propulsion system design and demonstration of concept vessels. With respect to ship design and operation, minimizing costs associated with fuel consumption and maintenance are key objectives. As such, new, and existing, ships are sub...

Alternative energy sources for traditional combustion engines (e.g. fuel cells, solar cells, batteries) in vehicles like motorbikes, cars, trucks, boats, planes will go hand in hand with a massive growth of the application of electric machines inside (‘E-propulsion’). For automotive, marine, aerospace and other heavy duty transportation for traveli...

This paper investigates the effect of various rotor structures on the torque production capability of DC excited flux-switching motors. In these machines two set of windings, excited with DC and three-phase AC currents, are placed within the stator and the rotor structure should ensure that the applicable magnetic circuit is present to achieve both...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate winding topologies for flux-switching motors (FSMs) with various segment-tooth combinations and different excitation methods. Design/methodology/approach – For the ac winding of FSM, two winding topologies, namely the concentrated winding and the distributed winding, are compared in terms of th...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using advanced powertrain technologies can help outperform the state of the art in F1 and LeMans motor racing. By a careful choice and sizing of powertrain components coupled with an optimal energy management strategy, the conflicting requirements of high-performance and high-energy savings...

In this paper an analytical model of a magnetic gravity compensator is compared to measurements obtained on a test setup. The results show that compared to the absolute force, the differences are relatively small in the horizontal and vertical direction. These measurements have illustrated that the discrepancy in the vertical direction is mainly ca...

A semi-analytical method based on the harmonic modeling (HM) technique is presented for the analysis of the magneto-static field distribution in the slotted structure of rotating electric machines. In contrast to the existing literature, the proposed model does not require the assumption of infinite tooth permeability, material property homogenizat...

Helical windings (or zigzag windings) are used in a number of applications, however, in electrical machines, mainly employed in low-power, high-speed permanent magnet (PM) brushless dc machines due to the cost effectiveness of the winding type while maintaining reasonable performance. Typically, helical windings are used for low-voltage application...

To date, flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines have been treated due to their high torque capability. This paper investigates the suitability of FSPM for servo applications in terms of acceleration, stall torque and thermal overloading capability. The effect of different design parameters is investigated on a 3-phase 12/10 FSPM. Based on...

Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) exhibit 3-D flux patterns. Their analysis and design are generally based on 3-D Finite Element Methods (FEM). Previous analytical models were mostly limited to Magnetic Equivalent Circuits (MEC). The analytical model presented in this paper is used to perform extremely fast calculation of the flux linkage and EMF of a...