Jörg Orschiedt

Jörg Orschiedt
Freie Universität Berlin | FUB · Division of Ancient Studies

Professor

About

161
Publications
114,919
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2,259
Citations
Additional affiliations
October 1999 - October 2005
Hamburg University
Position
  • wiss. Assistent

Publications

Publications (161)
Article
Full-text available
Archeological evidence suggests medicine dates back to the Stone Age, long before recorded history. This extensive prehistoric era spanned 2.5 million years and concluded approximately 4,000 years before the present. During this period, our ancestors developed surgical techniques to address injuries and diseases. However, deciphering Stone Age surg...
Article
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Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals1, 2, 3–4. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia³ and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria². Here we deepen our understanding of earl...
Article
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Malaria-causing protozoa of the genus Plasmodium have exerted one of the strongest selective pressures on the human genome, and resistance alleles provide biomolecular footprints that outline the historical reach of these species¹. Nevertheless, debate persists over when and how malaria parasites emerged as human pathogens and spread around the glo...
Article
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Recent excavations at Ranis (Germany) identified an early dispersal of Homo sapiens into the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago. Here we integrate results from zooarchaeology, palaeoproteomics, sediment DNA and stable isotopes to characterize the ecology, subsistence and diet of these early H. sapiens. We assessed all bone remains (n =...
Article
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The spread of Homo sapiens into new habitats across Eurasia ~45,000 years ago and the concurrent disappearance of Neanderthals represents a critical evolutionary turnover in our species’ history. ‘Transitional’ technocomplexes, such as the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician (LRJ), characterize the European record during this period but their makers...
Article
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The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe is associated with the regional disappearance of Neanderthals and the spread of Homo sapiens. Late Neanderthals persisted in western Europe several millennia after the occurrence of H. sapiens in eastern Europe¹. Local hybridization between the two groups occurred², but not on all occasions³. Ar...
Article
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Until now, it was considered certain that the last reindeer hunters of the Ahrensburgian (tanged point groups) existed exclusively in northwestern Central Europe during the Younger Dryas Cold Period (~ Greenland Stadial 1). The excavations carried out since 2006 on the forecourt (Vorplatz) of the small Blätterhöhle in Hagen on the northern edge of...
Article
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During the first half of the thirteenth century BCE the Tollense Valley in Mecklenburg Western-Pomerania, in the Baltic region of north-east Germany (see Jantzen and Lidke in this volume), became an arena of warlike hostilities that many predominantly young adult men fell victim to. Since 2007, extensive archaeological research has revealed thousan...
Preprint
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While early Neolithic populations in Europe were largely descended from early Aegean farmers, there is also evidence of episodic gene flow from local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers into early Neolithic communities. Exactly how and where this occurred is still unknown. Here we report direct evidence for admixture between the two groups at the Danube Go...
Book
Das Bild der Neolithisierung Mitteleuropas hat in den letzten Jahren durch neue Ergebnisse, aber auch neue Interpretationsansätze eine Differenzierung erfahren. Das traditionelle territoriale Kulturverständnis behindert die Wahrnehmung unscharfer Übergangszonen und räumlicher Verzahnungen von Kulturen mit unterschiedlicher Lebens- und Wirtschaftswe...
Article
Lactase persistence (LP), the continued expression of lactase into adulthood, is the most strongly selected single gene trait over the last 10,000 years in multiple human populations. It has been posited that the primary allele causing LP among Eurasians, rs4988235-A [1], only rose to appreciable frequencies during the Bronze and Iron Ages [2, 3],...
Chapter
The Cambridge World History of Violence - edited by Garrett G. Fagan March 2020
Chapter
In recent years, new insights into the Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in North Rhine-Westphalia have been gained. The Early Mesolithic human remains of the Blätterhöhle in Hagen should be mentioned specifically as they even attracted international attention. Here, a stratigraphic sequence containing hearth remains and lithic assemblages from the...
Article
Full-text available
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disapp...
Article
Full-text available
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disapp...
Article
Full-text available
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disapp...
Chapter
Die Funde der Speläologen des Arbeitskreises Kluterthöhle e.V. von 2004 und die Grabungen der Jahre 2006–2017 haben in der Blätterhöhle frühmesolithische und jung- bis spätneolithische Menschenrestezutage gefördert. Durch die archäologischen Ausgrabungen seit 2006 konnte auch auf dem Vorplatz der Höhle eine überregional bedeutende Abfolge mesolithi...
Chapter
The Tollense Valley extended site (northeast Germany) is the only known battlefield from the European Bronze Age. It has yielded a large number of human remains showing traces of violence, along with animal remains and weapons. The chapter discusses the results of new, interdisciplinary research focusing in particular on the penetrating injuries, w...
Article
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Burials of the Late Palaeolithic (14 000–11 600 cal years before present, henceforth BP) are a rare phenomenon in Europe. Several sites possess burials of single and double individuals. As with the preceding Magdalenian, the burial of more than two individuals in the same grave cutting seems to be unusual, but does occur occasionally. The depositio...
Article
Manipulations on prehistoric skulls such as trepanations are among the most fascinating palaeopathological findings though it is not always easy to make a firm diagnosis. This case study presents a lesion on the cranial vault of a late Neolithic burial in central Germany. The defect forms an almost lanceolate lesion along the sagittal suture which...
Article
Human remains from the Late Upper to Final Palaeolithic of Central Europe are scarce. In 1953, some human bones, covered with red ochre, and associated artefacts were discovered in material taken from a sand pit near the village of Irlich, Central Rhineland (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany). The finds were stored in a local museum archive. In 2000, t...
Article
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Ancient DNA studies have established that European Neolithic populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Using the highes...
Article
Full-text available
http://rdcu.be/ydIL Link to the full text!! Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers3, 4, 5, 9. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of popula...
Article
Anatomical textbooks describe the lesser trochanter in contemporary humans as being oriented posteromedially. In contrast, orientation of the lesser trochanter towards posterior was observed in some human femora from the Upper Paleolithic, including the femur of a young adult individual from Germany (Irlich 1), radiocarbon dated to 12,500 - 11,200...
Article
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The 26th Annual Meeting of the German Mesolithic Workgroup took place in Wuppertal from 10-12 March 2017 and was organised and hosted by Annabell Zander (University of York) and Birgit Gehlen (CRC 806, University of Cologne). In sum, more than 70 academics, students and amateur archaeologists from 8 different countries attended this conference. The...
Chapter
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Magdalenian ‘à navettes’ is the first trace of the Magdalenian presence on the territory of the eastern part of Central Europe, which is far ahead of the main phase of the Magdalenian settlement in these areas. It is represented by only one site — Maszycka Cave, located approximately 20 km north of Kraków, in Southern Poland, in the valley of the s...
Article
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In Central Europe, human remains from the Magdalenian are a rare phenomenon. In Central and Western Europe, these remains are usually fragmented and often manipulated. The discovery of 50 human bone fragments from Maszycka Cave in the 19th and mid-20th century is an important source for studying the treatment of bodies in the Late Upper Palaeolithi...
Chapter
The discovery of numerous human skeletal remains, as well as horse bones and weapon finds dating to about 1250 BC, brought the Tollense Valley into the focus of interdisciplinary research. So far, c. 9300 commingled human bones of more than 124 (mostly male) individuals have been recovered and are currently interpreted as the remains of a large Bro...
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Die archäologische Erforschung des Phänomens »Krieg« führte in den letzten 25 Jahren zu einem außerordentlichen Erkenntnisgewinn: Schlachtfelder und Befestigungen wur-den ausgegraben, Massengräber geborgen, unzählige Skelette mit Verletzungsspuren untersucht, Waffen sowie bildhafte Darstellungen und historische Texte analysiert. In diesem Begleitba...
Article
Full-text available
The Bronze Age site in the Tollense valley, Germany, has yielded thousands of human and animal bones and a number of archaeological artifacts. Several of the human bones exhibit blunt and sharp force lesions, and the assemblage has been interpreted as representing victims of a large scale conflict. One of the earliest finds is a human humerus with...
Chapter
Full-text available
Die archäologische Erforschung des Phänomens »Krieg« führte in den letzten 25 Jahren zu einem außerordentlichen Erkenntnisgewinn: Schlachtfelder und Befestigungen wur-den ausgegraben, Massengräber geborgen, unzählige Skelette mit Verletzungsspuren untersucht, Waffen sowie bildhafte Darstellungen und historische Texte analysiert. In diesem Begleitba...
Chapter
Full-text available
Die archäologische Erforschung des Phänomens »Krieg« führte in den letzten 25 Jahren zu einem außerordentlichen Erkenntnisgewinn: Schlachtfelder und Befestigungen wur-den ausgegraben, Massengräber geborgen, unzählige Skelette mit Verletzungsspuren untersucht, Waffen sowie bildhafte Darstellungen und historische Texte analysiert. In diesem Begleitba...
Chapter
Full-text available
Die archäologische Erforschung des Phänomens »Krieg« führte in den letzten 25 Jahren zu einem außerordentlichen Erkenntnisgewinn: Schlachtfelder und Befestigungen wur-den ausgegraben, Massengräber geborgen, unzählige Skelette mit Verletzungsspuren untersucht, Waffen sowie bildhafte Darstellungen und historische Texte analysiert. In diesem Begleitba...
Chapter
Die archäologische Erforschung des Phänomens »Krieg« führte in den letzten 25 Jahren zu einem außerordentlichen Erkenntnisgewinn: Schlachtfelder und Befestigungen wur-den ausgegraben, Massengräber geborgen, unzählige Skelette mit Verletzungsspuren untersucht, Waffen sowie bildhafte Darstellungen und historische Texte analysiert. In diesem Begleitba...
Article
Full-text available
Neolithic and Mesolithic human remains from the 9th and 4th millennium are rare for the area of the mid-range mountains (Sauerland) of Westphalia and elsewhere. The discovery of human remains in the cave site Blätterhöhle at Hagen in 2004 changed that picture. Available radiocarbon dates are between 9200 and 8600, and 3900 and 3000 cal BC and revea...
Chapter
Every year, there are over 1.6 million violent deaths worldwide, making violence one of the leading public health issues of our time. And with the 20th century just behind us, it's hard to forget that 191 million people lost their lives directly or indirectly through conflict. This collection of engaging case studies on violence and violent deaths...
Article
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Transitions, such as the one from the Upper to Late Palaeolithic in Europe, are episodes of cultural and demographic change, which raise questions about possible causal connections between environmental changes and human behaviour. The workshop The Upper-Late Palaeolithic Transition in Western Central Europe. Typology, Technology, Environment and D...
Article
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Farming or Fishing Evidence has been mounting that most modern European populations originated from the immigration of farmers who displaced the hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic. Bollongino et al. (p. 479 , published online 10 October) present analyses of palaeogenetic and isotopic data from Neolithic human skeletons from the Blätterhöhle burial...
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