Joel Pineda

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• Doctorado en Ciencias
• Professor at Chapingo Autonomous University

Nitrogen fertilization plays a critical role in the growth and productivity of potato crops, yet its impact on pest populations, particularly Myzus persicae and Bactericera cockerelli, remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of different nitrogen sources and dosages on the population dynamics of these pests in potato cultivation....

Cationic exchange capacity (CIC) is one of the most important properties when assessing soil fertility. The most commonly used method is by ammonium acetate 1 N, pH 7.0; however, this method presents errors during determination. Several methods to measure CEC were compared: ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) 1 N pH 7.0, sodium acetate (NaOAc) 1 N pH 8.2...

The agri-food sector worldwide is the most important for life. The recent pandemic made it clear that the best way to resist, overcome and adapt to health problems is by maintaining a healthy, adequate and balanced diet. Currently, food comes almost entirely from agri-food systems, the problem is that the agri-food sector subordinated to an economi...

Una de las limitantes para la producción en México de la pitahaya es el relacionado al incipiente manejo del cultivo y el periodo para su propagación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de cinco soluciones nutritivas (SN) enriquecidas con silicio y con diferentes fuentes de Nitrógeno (NO3- y NH4+) durante el desarrollo vegetativo de...

Water deficits can be mitigated by silicon in plants. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo to determine whether Si affects the growth, nutrient absorption, and fruit production of a ‘Braga F1’ hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under water deficit. A completely randomized design was used with two factors,...

Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plants that are under unfavorable conditions. In this study conducted under greenhouse conditions at Chapingo Autonomous University, Si fertilization was tested to examine whether it affected yields, biometrics, physiological parameters, and nutritional attributes of cucumber plants cultivated at different moisture le...

Con el paso del tiempo el cambio climático va en aumento, disminuyendo la precipitación pluvial, afectando así la producción agrícola. Por lo tanto, el presente ensayo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el contenido de pigmentos en el cultivo de pimiento bajo diferentes niveles de humedad del suelo, los cuales fueron el 100%, 70% y 50% de la capacidad de c...

Recurring droughts and competition for water are the main threats to the development of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in agricultural areas of Sinaloa, Mexico. Sinaloa is the main producer of corn, but an excessive amount of water is applied with gravity irrigation, a situation that should be reduced without reducing crop yields. There are ways...

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of calcium nitrate andpotassium silicate applications on peach postharvest quality and foliar nutrient status. The treatments consisted of foliar applications of calcium nitrate at 0.5% (w:v)，potassium silicate at 0.5% (w:v) and distilled water as a control. The experimental design was random...

Objective: To determine the effect of blue light (BL) and red light (RL), applied five hours at the end of the day (AED) and that of temperature, on the flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima var Valenciana. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three groups of plants were established under greenhouse conditions, all received sunlight (SL), AED one was under BL...

In agriculture, water efficiency as well as supply and demand balance in crops are essentials. The lack of knowledge in the infiltration process in gravity irrigation increases in high-demand crops such as corn, sorghum and beans. Knowing the moisture retention in agricultural soils is important to satisfy the demand in agriculture. The purpos...

Las necesidades de agua en cultivos satisfacen en forma natural por lluvias, cuando es insuficiente, se aplica riegopor gravedad, lo anterior requiere conocer comportamiento de humedad un suelo. Existen métodos para medir y estimar la humedad: el método TDR-300 calcula humedad tiempo real y el modelo de Green y Ampt que estima la lámina de riego (c...

En la agricultura la eficiencia del agua y el equilibrio de oferta y demanda en cultivos son primordial. La falta de conocimientos en proceso de infiltración en riego por gravedad, aumenta en cultivos de alta demanda como maíz, sorgo y frijol. Conocer la retención de humedad en suelos agrícolas es importante, para satisfacer la demanda en la agricu...

Aim of study: The objective was to perform an uncertainty analysis (UA) of the dynamic HORTSYST model applied to greenhouse grown hydroponic tomato crop. A frequentist method based on Monte Carlo simulation and the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) procedure were used. Area of study: Two tomato cultivation experiments were carri...

Resumen El jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es la hortaliza más cultivada en invernadero e hidroponía. Por facilidad de manejo, los sistemas hidropónicos abiertos (sin recirculación de la solución nutritiva) con sustrato son los más utilizados en el mundo. Los sistemas cerrados (con recirculación), permiten ahorrar agua y fertilizantes, pero su m...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most grown vegetable in greenhouse and hydroponics. For easy handling, open hydroponic systems (without recirculation of the nutrient solution) with substrate are the most commonly used in the world. Closed systems (with recirculation) save water and fertilizers, but their technical management is difficult, b...

El fertirriego permite suplementar los fertilizantes en el momento y lugar requeridos, lo que aumenta la eficiencia en el uso de estos. En el presente estudio se determinó si la cantidad de fertilizantes minerales aplicados al cultivo de calabacita puede ser reducida, en comparación con la dosis regional recomendada, al fraccionar la aplicación a t...

Sensitivity analysis is the first step in elucidating how the uncertainties in model parameters affect the uncertainty in model outputs. Calibration of dynamic models is another issue of considerable interest, which is usually carried out by optimizing an objective function. The first aim of this research was to perform a global sensitivity analysi...

The aphid Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi is considered the most important pest of sorghum cultivation in Mexico. It can cause losses in production of up to 100%. This research was conducted at the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo during 2018 and 2019 with the objective of determining the relationship between chemical fertilization in sorghum and M. saccha...

Two composts, two vermicomposts, and bokashi are the major locally-available organic fertilizers in the region of Zautla, Puebla, Mexico, which are produced from local agriculture organic waste and livestock. The aim of this work was to analyze the physical and chemical properties of these organic materials to determine their potential as organic f...

Traditionally, biochar is generally proposed to substitute Canadian Sphagnum peat moss. Sugarcane bagasse, filter press mud and sugarcane bagasse ash were mixed in different ratios and proposed as an alternative to substitute commercial Sphagnum peat moss (SPM) for the soilless cultivation of tomato (S. lycopersicum Linnaeus). The choice of the agr...

The objective of this research was to analyze the agronomic characteristics and the presence of pesticides residues in broccoli heads ready for commercialization, in two production systems, one for the national market and other for export. Seventy-eight samples from a package of Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico and the supply center of Huixcolotla Pueb...

Aquaponics, the symbiotic integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, is a sustainable technology for food production. However, the aquaponic nutrient solution has low concentration of N, K and Ca to satisfy plant requirement. The aim of this work was to increase the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit yield in an aquaponics system through the i...

The prediction of nutrients uptake, in most cases, has been done with mathematical models that simulate, firstly, the dry matter production of the crop, so there is a lack of research to explain the dynamic of nutrients uptake related to climatic variables and leaf area index. In this research, a dynamic model is proposed to predict nitrogen (Nup),...

In the production of fruits and vegetables in greenhouses the efficient use of energy is important for achieving profitability and for obtaining a sustainable agriculture management. In this work, the energy consumption required during a production cycle of a greenhouse tomato crop was analyzed. The energy consumption of two production units, locat...

p> Background. The pitahaya ( Hylocereus spp.) in Mexico it is an endemic fruit with great adaptation to different environments and like a cactus requires little water. In Santiago Tangamandapio, Michoacan, Mexico, is a backyard crop and its intensive production is of recent introduction. The pitahaya, for its nutritional requirements can be adapte...

The present study was carried out in the INIFAP Experimental Field of Mexico Valley with the objective of estimating the potential sequestration of organic carbon from the soil (COS) in the quinoa varieties: Amarilla Maranganí and Blanca with the use of the RothC-26.3 model. The simulations of COS dynamics with the RothC included: three time period...

The information presented analyzes the state of the art of the evidence in the last 20 years of the importance and the effects of the availability of oxygen in the rhizosphere on the growth and development of plants. Adverse conditions of biotic (microorganisms) and abiotic factors (temperature, waterlogging, salinity, others) that influence the ox...

La información presentada analiza el estado del arte de las evidencias en los últimos 20 años de la importancia y los efectos de la disponibilidad de oxígeno en la rizósfera sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Las condiciones adversas de factores bióticos (microrganismos) y abióticos (temperatura, anegamiento, salinidad, otros) que in...

El presente estudio se realizó en el Campo Experimental Valle de México de INIFAP con el objetivo de estimar el potencial secuestro de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en las variedades de quinua: Amarilla Maranganí y Blanca con el uso del modelo RothC-26.3. Las simulaciones de la dinámica del COS con el RothC incluyeron: tres periodos de tiempo: 2...

The aquaponics is the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics in a recirculation system, where aquatic animals like fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants are connected with the production of vegetables in a controlled environment, nutrients reach the system through the feeding fish and bacteria transform waste into assimilable nutrients...

Aquaponics is based on the maximum use of the energy in the form of nutrients by all the biological system components (bacteria, fish and plants), which in addition to produce biomass, contribute to clean aquatic environment that contains them. The effluent of the fish contains metabolites that are converted into assimilable nutrients by plants, wh...

Aquaponics combines aquaculture and hydroponic to raise fish and plants in a single integrated system (Wahap, 2010). Aquaponics is a viable alternative, which can be integrated to a closed circulation system in aquaculture (Mateus, 2009). It is important to study various factors affecting these production systems, such as the concentration of nutri...

Aquaponics is highly efficient in the use of water, only requires the replacement of water lost by evaporation and transpiration. This system by fusing the hydroponics and aquaculture in a recirculation system, is a model that raises the production in a sustainable manner of food of high nutritional value; source of protein (fish) like vitamins and...

The increasing demand for organic foods as well as the high cost of chemical fertilizers, have led to an increased interest in the use of organic fertilizers (Fortis et al., 2012). Organic fertilizers can be used as amendments for plants grown in the field or under greenhouse conditions, and as organic substrates in seedling and nursery production...

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients required by all plants to complete their life cycles. P is involved in all growth phases in every living cell. In horticulture, P is vital in nutrient management for chieving maximum crop yields. There is an intimate relationship between the state of nitrogen (N), P and carbon metabolism. Therefore,...

The determination of the surface runoff depth in the microbasins of Mexico is carried out by estimation methods whose degree of accuracy is unknown, due to the information about temporal evolution of the precipitation and direct surface runoff is scarce. For this reason, it is necessary a revision of the accuracy of the available methodologies to e...

The blueberries are so crowded because of their properties and healthy benefits, furthermore the size and flavour are some attributes needed for its commercialization, and nutrition could be influence these attributes. We determined the effect of nitrate/ammonium ratio and electrical conductivity on blueberry's quality. The study was carried out fr...

Introduction: The dynamics and trade interaction between countries has led to transformations in their economic structures, and a process of productive specialization in the agricultural sector. Objective: To analyze the behavior of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis [Willd. ex A. Juss.] Müll. Arg.) production and identify specialized and competit...

Due to the high acquisition costs of drip tape for subsurface irrigation (SDI), in some places of Mexico drip tape made for surface irrigation (DI) is been used for subsurface irrigation, instead of SDI drip tape. However, effects in production, emitter discharge uniformity and its clogging vulnerability is unknown. The objective of this study was...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, width and length of a leaf from a lettuce crop irrigated by a drip irrigation system, with irrigation tape installed superficially and at the subsurface at different depths: 10, 15 and 20 cm. The experiment was realized in a greenhouse and the texture of the soil used for the planting was sandy...

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil physical and chemical variables on the intensity of the disease. During November 2017, 31 commercial plots of blackberry cv 'Tupy' were sampled in Los Reyes Valley, Michoacán, Mexico. At each site, a composite sample of soil was taken for further nutritional analysis. The incidence...

Pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust has been used as a growing medium for the cultivation of vegetables and ornamentals. In the present work the objective was to assess the immobilization or retention of N, P, K, and Ca in pine sawdust as the main substrate component by applying Steiner nutrient solution at different concentrations (20, 30 and 40 meq L-1). We...

In this investigation the extraction curve of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were determined in the cultivation of fig. A system of intensive production of fig in greenhouse and hydroponics was established with 1.25 plants m⁻². The determination of the nitrogen content was done by the micro-Kjeldahl method....

Pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust has been used as a growing medium for the cultivation of vegetables and ornamentals. In the present work the objective was to assess the immobilization or retention of N, P, K, and Ca in pine sawdust as the main substrate component by applying Steiner nutrient solution at different concentrations (20, 30 and 40 meq L-1). We...

In agronomy, P is vital in nutrient management for achieving maximum crop yields (Hopkins et al., 2014). The central role of P in plants is in bioenergetics, as it is a component of the Adenosine Phosphates (ADP and ATP) used in photosynthesis to convert light energy to chemical energy and in respiration reactions. Therefore, all energy requiring r...

In agronomy, P is vital in nutrient management for achieving maximum crop yields (Hopkins et al., 2014). The central role of P in plants is in bioenergetics, as it is a component of the Adenosine Phosphates (ADP and ATP) used in photosynthesis to convert light energy to chemical energy and in respiration reactions. Therefore, all energy requiring r...

The HortSyst model is a new discrete time model for describing the dynamics of photo-thermal time (PTI), total dry matter production (DMP), N uptake (Nup), leaf area index (LAI), and evapotranspiration (ETc) for greenhouse crops. The first three variables are considered as state variables and the latter two are conceptualized as output variables. T...

La tecnología usada en la producción agrícola ha cambiado de manera significativa incrementando la productividad de los cultivos, pero también ha contribuido al deterioro de los recursos naturales. En este capitulo se analiza como los recursos naturales y productivos, los actores sociales, las unidades de producción, la organización de campesinos,...

There is little information about the choice of proportions used in the mixture of lombricompost with other substrates, and even less about the physical properties and relationship between them. The objective of this study was to estimate the total pore space (EPT), aeration capacity (CA), water holding capacity (CRA), apparent density (Da), and fr...

In order to evaluate the effect of the application of native strains of indole acetic acid (AIA) producing bacteria on the formation of radical primordia of avocado etiolate shoots, seven bacterial strains were isolated from soil of avocado rhizosphere. Soil samples were collected in San Juan Elotepec, Villa Sola de Vega, Oaxaca in Mexico. Pure cul...

Con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de cepas nativas de bacterias productoras de ácido indolacético (AIA) en la formación de primordios radicales de brotes etiolados de aguacate, se aislaron cepas de suelo de rizosfera de aguacate colectado en San Juan Elotepec, Villa Sola de Vega, Oaxaca, México. Se seleccionaron tres cepas con...

A main constraint to agricultural productivity in the central Mexican highlands is low available soil phosphorus (P) exacerbated by high P sorption capacity of the Andisols. Therefore, substantial amounts of P fertilizers must be applied to obtain optimum crop yields. One cost-effective strategy for this type of soil is to enhance the plant’s effic...

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la reducción al 75, 50 y 25% en concentración de macronutrimentos (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) de una solución nutritiva estándar (M, 100%), sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de crisantemo (Dendranthema x grandiflo-rum) en un sistema hidropónico abierto. En general, la reducción de macronutrimentos hasta en...

En los cultivos de invernaderos, la eliminación de los sustratos al final del cultivo es una amenaza potencial para el medio ambiente. Para disminuir efectos negativos, está la alternativa de reutilizar los sustratos. La posibilidad de reutilizar los sustratos agotados, sin ningún tipo de daños a los cultivos, depende las propiedades físico-química...

This research was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of two cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in an aquaponic system in comparison with a hydroponic system. The studied factor was the dose of food supplied with a commercial diet for tilapia (Oreochromis sp.); the treatments were 80, 100 and 120% of the recommended diet, and, as...

Aquaponics could be a sustainable crop production system to reduce the excess of fertilizers and pesticides that end up polluting the environment. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of aquaponics nutritional treatments in growth and development of oriental Lilium sp. ‘Table Dance’. Three aquaponics treatments were established...

Space utilization is very important in greenhouse production systems, and particularly for small crops such as strawberries. An experiment was carried out to evaluate phenology, yield and quality of strawberry under three high-density hydroponic settings. These systems were: 1) three-level horizontal PVC pipes (H3), 2) five-level horizontal polyeth...

Lisianthus is an ornamental species that is little known in Mexico, probably because it is not widely cultivated by flower growers; due to its attractive flowers and extended vase-life it has been well received by consumers and it is gaining an important status in the cut flower market. Adequate nutrition plays a key role to sustain plant growth an...

The presentation explain the effect of the nutrient concentration and the nitrate/ammonium ratio in the nutrient solution on the growth and development of the plant, yield and quality of the fruits of blueberries. Determine the rates of absorption and extraction of nutrients and the efficiency of accumulation of dry matter.

Resumen La eliminación de los sustratos al final del cultivo es una amenaza potencial para el ambiente. Para disminuir efectos negativos, está la alternativa de reutilizar los sustratos durante varios ciclos de cultivo, además de aumentar la rentabilidad del material. La posibilidad de reutilizar los sustratos, sin ningún daño a los cultivos, depen...

El cuatomate es una planta que pertenece a la familia de las Solanaceas, del subgénero Leptostemonum, también llamadas “solanaceas espinudas”, por presentar espinas en diferentes partes de los órganos de la planta. Es una especie cultivada y silvestre con un alto potencial para ser aprovechado en nuevos sistemas de reconversión productiva en la reg...

Over the last decades, the soilless culture technique has rapidly progressed in several developed countries linked to crop growth control environment and automation. Several crop growth models have been developed for decision support systems, thus it is important to estimate the uncertainty associated to the predicted variables of these models prev...

Today, agriculture has the challenge of dealing with the integration of productivity, product quality, and environment preservation. These objectives are sometimes conflicting with maximum yield, which often requires the application of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the risk of nitrogen leaching. Growers must therefore adapt new f...

Dada la escasa información sobre requerimientos nutrimentales para el cultivo de cilantro se planteó como objetivo evaluar la concentración y la extracción de N, P y K bajo diferentes potenciales osmóticos de la solución nutritiva durante el crecimiento hasta la floración. Por lo anterior, la variedad Pakistan se estableció en bolsas con tezontle r...

The main thesis of this research is that when hydroponic substrates are submitted to continuous irrigation with a nutrient solution (NS), they show different rates of changes in their physical and chemical properties, and in their nutrient availability. Three substrates common in Mexico (tezontle volcanic rock, perlite, and coconut fiber) were used...

This research was conducted in order to determine the best fish density for growing both fish and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in aquaponics, under greenhouse conditions. Densities of 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg m-3 of tilapia (Rocky Mountain strain.) with a plant density of 25 lettuce m-2 were established in an aquaponic system. The variables measured wer...

Elaboración de soluciones nutritivas para el cultivo sin suelo del arándano azul (Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Biloxi).

El arándano azul tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) se ha convertido en una excelente alternativa para diversificar la actividad frutícola en México, desafortunadamente, su reciente introducción está acompañada de escasa información en su manejo agronómico, destacando el desconocimiento de las demandas nutrimentales del cultivo. Con el obje...

El arándano azul tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) se ha convertido en una excelente alternativa para diversificar la actividad frutícola en México, desafortunadamente, su reciente introducción está acompañada de escasa información en su manejo agronómico, destacando el desconocimiento de las demandas nutrimentales del cultivo. Con el obje...

The concentration of antioxidant compounds, the antioxidant activity, physical quality characteristics, and the yield of serrano chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) are affected by agricultural practices, such as the use of vermicompost in containers combined with chemical fertilizers, the investigations of which have focused on yield. A study was perform...

Hydroponic systems with nutrient solution recycling provide more efficient water and fertilizer use, but over time it becomes difficult to sustain the nutritional balance and control diseases that attack plant roots, which eventually results in lower yield compared to systems where nutrient solution is not recycled. The aim of this study was to eva...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of pumice and its effect on the plant morphology, yield and quality of tomato in hydroponics. Pumice from three different sites was evaluated. Treatments consisted of three unsieved pumice plus the same sieved pumices, it also was included a treatment with red porous volcano gravel...

Los estiércoles se han utilizado desde hace mucho tiempo para aumentar la fertilidad de los suelos y modificar sus características en beneficio del desarrollo de las plantas. Los grandes volúmenes de estiércol, si no se manejan apropiadamente, por anaerobiosis producen metano y otros gases contaminantes y mal olor. Tambien proliferan organismos aso...

Se presenta un resumen de la acuaponia. Se indican el concepto y los principios sobre los que se fundamenta la acuaponia. Se mencionan las ventajas y las limitantes de estos sistemas de producción. Finalmente se presentan algunos resultados de experimentos de producción de tilapia y hortalizas bajo este sistema.

Substrate culture may promote crop growth and yield; however, this depends on the substrate properties and the crop requirements. In this work we studied some substrates from Nayarit, México, formed by volcanic rock and by the mixture of volcanic rock with a vermicompost (obtained from sugar (Saccharum officinarum) cane bagasse, bone of mango (Mang...

A common problem in hydroponics systems in which the nutrient solution is recirculated (closed systems) is a lower yield and quality over systems without recirculation (open system), which is attributed to imbalances of nutrient solutions and to an increase in the risk of spread of root diseases as the crop is developing. This research evaluated th...

A common problem in hydroponics systems in which the nutrient solution is recirculated (closed systems) is a lower yield and quality over systems without recirculation (open system), which is attributed to imbalances of nutrient solutions and to an increase in the risk of spread of root diseases as the crop is developing. This research evaluated th...

Substrate culture may promote crop growth and yield; however, this depends on the substrate properties and the crop requirements. In this work we studied some substrates from Nayarit, México, formed by volcanic rock and by the mixture of volcanic rock with a vermicompost (obtained from sugar (Saccharum officinarum) cane bagasse, bone of mango (Mang...

El cultivo en sustrato favorece el crecimiento y rendimiento de los cultivos; sin embargo, esto depende de sus características y del requerimiento del cultivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar algunos sustratos de la región de Nayarit, México, formados por tezontle y por la mezcla de tezontle con lombricomposta (bagazo de caña (Sacchar...

La fresa se cultiva en prácticamente todo el mundo, alcanza una producción de 2.5 millones de toneladas; de las que México aporta 228 900 t que lo ubican como cuarto productor. Uno de los principales problemas de manejo agronómico que enfrenta es la nutrición, por lo que evaluar la demanda total de nutrimentos de las plantas y su dinámica de absorc...

The use of organic substrates for greenhouse production can be a sustainable alternative for replacing inorganic substrate in Mexico in terms of production costs maintaining crop productivity. This study was conducted to compare two organic substrates (sawdust and coco coir) with an inorganic substrate (volcanic sand), with one component or mixture...

The strawberry is grown in virtually everyone reaches a production of 2.5 million tons, of which 228 900 t Mexico provides that place it as fourth producer. One of the main problems facing agricultural management is nutrition, so evaluate the total demand for plant nutrients and absorption dynamics is important in determining fertilization plans th...

Hydroponic or greenhouse production systems allow daily fertilization of vegetable crops, depending on its life cycle, substrate and available water. Sawdust is currently being used successfully as substrate in crop production and for this reason we evaluate the effect of mixtures (v/v) of volcanic rock with fresh and recycled sawdust in production...

The hydroponic systems with recirculation of nutrient solution save water and fertilizer, but over time it is difficult to maintain the nutritional balance and control diseases that attack the roots, causing lower performance compared to systems where the solution is not recirculated. The objective of this study was to compare the water use efficie...

The hydroponic systems with recirculation of nutrient solution save water and fertilizer, but over time it is difficult to maintain the nutritional balance and control diseases that attack the roots, causing lower performance compared to systems where the solution is not recirculated. The objective of this study was to compare the water use efficie...

Se describe la geología y la geomorfología de la zona y su influencia en las características del medio fisico. Se describe la parte alta, media y baja, así como la hidrología superficial y su superficial.

This work was done in Zacatlán, Puebla, Mexico, in a blueberry rabbiteye orchard in full production; the objectives were to know the nutrient dynamic during the different fruit development stages, to identify the critical stages of different elements, and to know the nutrient diagnostic of the plants. For this, samples of leaf and fruit in five dif...