Joel Galos

California Polytechnic State University | Cal Poly · Department of Materials Engineering

Composite structures formed using thin-ply laminates are of interest to aerospace and other high-performance industries. This paper reviews recently published research into fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites formed using thin-ply (<100 μm thick) laminates. Due to their prominence in the literature, this review focuses on thin plies formed w...

This paper investigates options for light-weighting truck trailers through a combination of material selection and structural optimisation. Critical chassis design load cases were established, and a parametric finite element model of a typical European-style 13.5 m long truck trailer built from steel I-beams was developed. The model has been used t...

Integration of lithium‐ion batteries into fiber‐polymer composite structures so as to simultaneously carry mechanical loads and store electrical energy offer great potential to reduce the overall system weight. Herein, recent progresses in integration methods for achieving high mechanical efficiencies of embedding commercial lithium‐ion batteries i...

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process for the 3D printing of continuous fibre-thermoplastic laminates. The electrical conductivity of continuous carbon fibre (CF)-nylon filaments and laminates printed with a Markforged MarkTwo® FDM machine is experimentally investigated. The axial electrical conductivity of single fi...

Renewed efforts towards greater use of environmentally sustainable materials have created new opportunities for balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) to replace non-renewable, petroleum-based cores such as polymer foams in a broad range of sandwich structures. This paper reviews published research into the applications, manufacturing, microstructure, mec...

This paper investigates the impact of incorporating non-functionalised, micro-sized rubber particles derived from end-of-life tyres on the vibration damping and acoustic properties of syntactic foam. To elucidate the effects of rubber particles on the vibration properties of rubberised syntactic foam, a laser Doppler vibrometer was used to evaluate...

Microstructural void formation during the processing of continuous fibre-reinforced polymer composites are a significant limitation of processes such as 3D printing, as voids inhibit resultant mechanical properties. Traditional optical microscopy approaches to void characterisation are tedious and are prone to errors due to non-ideal but realistic...

This paper presents research findings on the influence of tyre-derived rubber particle size on the mechanical properties of rubberised syntactic foam manufactured through stir casting. The study examined how the rubber particle size affected the shear, in-plane compression, and through-thickness compression properties, as well as the flexural prope...

Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations provides an updated and timely outlook of recent research in aeronautics and air transport, with emphasis on current environmental objectives and achievements. The book discusses some of the most promising advances in sustainable aircraft and air traffic management technologies including: aircraft syst...

Syntactic foams, containing up to 23 wt.% of untreated waste tyre-derived rubber particles mixed with hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) and epoxy, were produced via compressed air-assisted injection moulding. This study investigated the effect of rubber particles on the through-the-thickness compression properties and the vibration-damping response...

One challenge in using X-ray imaging for post-process inspection of aluminum alloys fusion welded with conventional filler wires (e.g., 4xxx, 5xxx) is the negligible contrast between the fusion zone and base metal, which hinders measurement of important weld characteristics such as weld penetration. The current study outlines the development of nov...

Non-destructive testing (NDT) of welded aluminium (Al) joints for quality assessment is of great importance to the automotive industry, among others. Currently, no post-process NDT technique can differentiate between the fusion zone and substrate for typical welded Al joints, thereby preventing measurement of crucial quality metrics such as weld pe...

Polymer matrix composite materials have the capacity to aid the indirect transmission of viral diseases. Published research shows that respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19), can attach to polymer substrata as a result of being contacted by airborne droplets resulting from infected pe...

Microwave processing of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is gaining increasing attention as an alternative to conventional thermal processing techniques. It has the potential to reduce part processing times and alleviate the bottleneck that often exists in composite component production. The present study reviews the current resear...

Multifunctional composite structures that combine high load-bearing properties with electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in electric and hybrid powered cars, and therefore must be impact resistant in the event of collision. This paper examines the effect of low velocity impact on the damage, compression properties and energ...

This paper investigates the mechanical properties of lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries and their subsequent use in the design of multifunctional sandwich panels for automotive applications. Shear properties, flexural properties and compression properties of prismatic pouch LiPo batteries are determined experimentally through a hole-punch test, a...

Multifunctional composites that combine high mechanical properties with electrical energy storage capacity are being explored for use in hybrid and electric powered vehicles. This paper evaluates the effect of embedding lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries on the tensile properties and energy storage density of carbon fibre laminate and sandwich co...

Multifunctional light-weight composite structures that combine high load-bearing properties with electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in energy intensive systems such as electric cars. This paper examines the effect of compression loading on the mechanical and electrical responses of light-weight carbon fibre laminates cont...

The strong influence of the fibre sizing agent on the water absorption properties of carbon fibre laminates is demonstrated. A comparative experimental study is performed into the water absorption kinetics and maximum amount of absorbed water for laminates with sizing agent on the carbon fibres that is chemically compatible or incompatible with the...

Curvilinear stiffened panels are being developed for aerospace structures and other applications. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study into the vibration response of three curvilinear stiffened square plates clamped at the edges. The experimental modal analysis was performed using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and an impact hamm...

The in-plane fibre waviness defects that can occur during tape laying of carbon fibre reinforced prepreg materials can have significant adverse effects on their resultant mechanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to produce coupon test specimens containing such defects. A novel hot air gun and plastic rod pull-through method was developed t...

Multifunctional composites that combine high load-bearing properties and energy storage capacity have potential application in next-generation electric vehicles. The effect of high structural bending loads on the flexural properties and electrical energy storage capacity of sandwich composites containing lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries embedde...

Multifunctional composites that combine high load-bearing properties with high electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in next-generation hybrid and electric vehicles. The effect of high structural bending loads on the flexural properties and electrical energy storage capacity of sandwich composites containing lithium-ion poly...

Multifunctional composites that combine high load-bearing properties and high electrical energy storage capacity have potential application in electric and hybrid vehicles. This paper presents an experimental study into the effect of embedding single or multiple lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries on the mechanical and electrical responses of a ca...

Composite structures containing lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries are being developed for energy storage on motor vehicles and other applications. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study into the effect of embedding (LiPo) batteries into sandwich panels on the vibration and acoustic properties. The vibration responses (modal freq...

Recent published research studies into multifunctional composite structures with embedded lithium-ion batteries are reviewed in this paper. The energy storage device architectures used in these structures are split into three categories: pouch batteries, thin-film batteries and bicells. The manufacturing techniques used to fabricate energy storage...

Composite structures containing lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries are being developed for electrical energy storage in motor vehicles and other applications. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study into the effect of embedding (LiPo) batteries into carbon fibre laminates and sandwich panels on the vibration and acoustic propertie...

This paper investigates the effect of nonporous elastomeric fillers on both the compression and functional properties of an epoxy syntactic foam. Micro-sized elastomeric particulates (up to 23% wt.) derived from recycled waste tyres were integrated into the syntactic foam (epoxy modified by 5% wt. of hollow glass microspheres) and transformed into...

This paper investigates the effect of nonporous elastomeric fillers on both the compression and functional properties of an epoxy syntactic foam. Micro-sized elastomeric particulates (up to 23% wt.) derived from recycled waste tyres were integrated into the syntactic foam (epoxy modified by 5% wt. of hollow glass microspheres) and transformed into...

Multifunctional composites that combine high load-bearing properties and high energy storage capacity have potential application in next-generation electric vehicles. The effect of high structural bending loads on the flexural properties and electrical energy storage capacity of sandwich composites containing lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries em...

Granta Design develops software that is used for advanced materials selection in industry. CES EduPack is the Educational version that is specifically designed to guide and show the steps of the decision process for the purpose of teaching and training. It helps students to understand a rational and systematic approach which is invaluable to engine...

This poster illustrates the functionality of CES Selector and how it can be used for advanced teaching and research. CES Selector is used for post graduate courses and research within Universities, Research Institutes and Industry. Providing comprehensive industry standard data and the ability to add your own data along with tools for visualizing,...

This thesis explores the use of lightweight composite materials in road freight trailer design as a means of reducing the emissions of the road freight industry. A comprehensive review of previous lightweight composite trailers and related projects was conducted; it concluded that the application of composites in trailers to-date has largely been l...

This paper investigates the potential of sandwich structures in the novel application of road freight trailer decking. Sandwich panels are developed to be lightweight replacements to conventional birch plywood hardwood decking, which is the norm in European road freight trailers. A tailored material selection process is used to identify the most ad...

This paper investigates the potential of sandwich structures in the novel application of road freight trailer decking. Sandwich panels are developed to be lightweight replacements to conventional birch plywood hardwood decking, which is the norm in European road freight trailers. A tailored material selection process is used to identify the most ad...

This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of Finnish birch ($\textit{Betula pendula}$ and $\textit{Betula pubescens}$) plywood commonly used in road freight trailer decking. A series of tests have been performed to characterize the mechanical performance of the material and the effect of in-service damage that is likely to occur when the mat...

This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of Finnish birch (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens) plywood commonly used in road freight trailer decking. A series of tests have been performed to characterize the mechanical performance of the material and the effect of in-service damage that is likely to occur when the material is used in this...

Reducing the empty weight of articulated heavy goods vehicle trailers is one avenue that needs to be explored in reducing the carbon footprint of the road freight industry as a whole. A statistical analysis of two heavy goods vehicle fleets operating in the United Kingdom has helped to identify double-deck trailers used in grocery haulage and 'walk...

In road haulage the empty weight of a vehicle is a significant contributor to fuel consumption and resulting CO2 emissions. Therefore, the application of lightweight materials in semi-trailer design is one avenue that needs to be explored in reducing the carbon footprint of road freight vehicles. Preliminary work has identified conventional hardwoo...

In road haulage the empty weight of a vehicle is a significant contributor to fuel consumption and resulting CO2 emissions. The application of lightweight materials in design is one avenue that needs to be explored in reducing the carbon footprint of road freight vehicles. There are very few regulations which determine the structural design of typi...

There are numerous defects that are likely to occur in the processing of carbon fiber reinforced prepreg material. Undulations in the path of the fibres both in-plane (waviness) and out-of-plane (wrinkles) are two such common defects. In order to quantify the knock-down effect on stiffness and strength that these defects can have, it is necessary t...