Joel Campbell

• Troy University

The city of Shenzhen has become a symbol of China's fast development since the late 1970s. The legend is that it grew from a small village to a population larger than neighbouring Hong Kong's, and along the way became China's Silicon Valley. Juan Du, a Hong Kong architect, dismantles the myth, illustrating that Shenzhen arose from a town and distri...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been one of the most successful organizations dedicated to regional integration. While not attempting the thick form of institutionalization seen in the European Union, it has established norms of peaceful resolution of conflicts, non-interference in domestic politics and protection of member s...

One of the chief problems for ordinary people in understanding a regime like North Korea (DPRK) is that we lack full information about what the country is actually doing, either at home or abroad. The DPRK's activities appear so outrageous that we can believe almost anything about them. The truth may be far more prosaic. That is certainly the case...

No abstract is available for this article.

No abstract is available for this article.

Patron-clientelism is the central dynamic propelling leadership change in China, and this model of personal association opened a path for China’s current top leaders. Patron-clientelism bolsters the key features of the Chinese political system: Leninist political organization, intra-party divisions, conflictual decision-making processes, and the vi...

Post-Maoist China has experienced a major reorientation of both economic and foreign policy. Foreign policy has been largely determined by the needs of China’s economic reforms, and is intimately linked to the political economy and concomitant efforts to use globalization as a tool to attain high growth, trade, and investment. Economics determines...

South Korean science and technology policy has undergone a marked shift as the country has democratized. Under the military government, it was characterized by state-led efforts focused on institutional capacity building and national research projects. The electronics and heavy industries were especially emphasized. There were moderate successes, s...

Genetic variation at the transcription factor 7-like 2 locus has been linked to type 2 diabetes in predominantly European-derived populations. The biological basis of these associations remains to be determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate previously associated variants for association with measures of glucose homeostasis in Hispani...

We previously detected an association between a region of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) gene and type 2 diabetes in an African-American case-control study; thus, we investigated this region for associations with the metabolic syndrome and its component traits in African-American families from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study...

There are very few PFI projects in Japan that are specifically designed for education, but there are a few hybrid or complex PFIs that includes education in their facilities and services. In this article, the authors discuss the Ichikawa City Seventh District Junior High School building (an education PFI), which includes a school lunch room, nurser...

Glucose homeostasis, a defining characteristic of physiological glucose metabolism, is the result of complex feedback relationships with both genetic and environmental determinants that influence insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Relatively little is known about the genetic basis of glucose homeostasis phenotypes or their relationship to...

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and display increased levels of subclinical CVD. Genetic variation in PTPN1, a diabetes susceptibility gene, was investigated for a role in diabetic atherosclerosis. The PTPN1 gene encodes protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, which is ubiquitously expressed...

This paper explores the decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) on the autosomes and chromosome X. The extent of marker-marker LD is important for both linkage and association studies. The analysis of the Caucasian sample from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism study revealed the expected negative relationship between the magnitude...

Adiponectin, coded for by the APM1 gene, is a novel adipocyte-derived hormone implicated in energy homeostasis and obesity. Several genetic studies have observed evidence of association between APM1 gene polymorphisms and features of the metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance and obesity. As part of a comprehensive genetic analysis of the A...

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, encoded by the PTPN1 gene, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of proteins at tyrosyl residues. PTP-1B has been implicated in negatively regulating insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphotyrosine residues of the insulin receptor. The genetic contribution of PTPN1 to measures of glucose homeostasis has b...

Previous linkage studies have suggested prostate cancer susceptibility genes located on chromosomes 1, 20, and X. Several putative prostate cancer candidate genes have also been identified including RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2. Presently, these linkage regions and candidate genes appear to explain only a small proportion of hereditary prostate cancer c...

This paper examines efforts at international cooperation and international organizations' role in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing before and after 9/11. Globalization makes it more difficult to effectively address issues requiring global governance within the limits of state/country laws. We employ Robert Keohane's concep...