Joe-Air Jiang

• National Taiwan University

In this study, a self-adaptive pulse discharge (SAPD) approach is developed and utilized to drain leftover energy from waste lead–acid batteries before entering the recycling process. This SAPD method was applied to find the optimal pulse frequency and duty cycle values for determining the discharge current from the batteries. Experiments were cond...

Induction motors (IMs) have been commonly applied to industrial fields since the past decades; thus, developing advanced fault diagnosis methods becomes vital for IM applications. This study proposed an online fault diagnosis system for IMs based on the Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms to reduce the additional r...

Bad road quality brings many problems, such as putting drivers and passengers in danger and causing vehicle suspension system wear. Maintaining high-quality roads relies on regular inspections and repairs, but this is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To improve road quality and increase the efficiency of road repairs, an Internet of Thing...

This study designs four-stage constant current (4SCC) charger in which the optimal charge pattern (OCP) adopted at each stage during the charging process varies according to the battery's current state of charge (SoC) instead of being OCPinvariant. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to search for the OCP value, and a battery...

This study examined the effect of combining visual and olfactory cues to attract oriental fruit flies (OFFs). Six different colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) served as a visual attractant and methyl eugenol served as olfactory bait to lure male flies. An internet of things (IoT)-based pest monitoring system, consisting of sensor nodes, a gateway...

Honey bees play an extremely important role in agricultural industries. To prevent bee colonies from collapsing, it is critical to acquire real-time health information regarding bee populations. This study developed foraging flight-based indicators, including the daily incoming and outgoing flight frequencies of forager bees and the consistency of...

The issue of air pollution in urban areas is gaining attention due to the rise of environmental and health concerns, especially for the particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), which poses the greatest health risk to humans. Accurate air quality prediction data allows government officials and the public to take preventive measures in advance. Recently, many...

In this study, a Taguchi-based optimization method is proposed to search the coil parameters used for low-power wireless charging that will maximize the transmission efficiency. The coils were then implemented to charge a battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7 V and a rated capacity of 760 mAh, and it was found that the coil transmission efficiency...

Traditional pest control approaches rely mostly on the experience of farmers, which may not be effective due to lack of scientific information regarding the environment where crops grow. Farmers can initiate a more effective integrated pest management program when precise and quantified results of forecasting pest population outbreaks are provided....

The invariant metrics of the effects of park size and distance to public transportation on housing value volatilities in Boston, Milwaukee, Taipei and Tokyo are investigated. They reveal a Cobb-Douglas-like behavior. The scale-invariant exponents corresponding to the percentage of a green area (a) are 7.4, 8.41, 14.1 and 15.5 for Boston, Milwaukee,...

For overhead power grids, unexpected serious line sagging of extra-high voltage transmission lines would easily lead to major blackouts. Different direct and indirect sag measuring methods have been proposed, but they all have their own limitations. In this study, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sag monitoring system is proposed, which is able to...

This study experimentally tested a multi-stage constant-current (CC) charging method for lithium-ion batteries controlled by the state-of-charge (SoC) discretization. The Taguchi method was used in the experiments to take three different charge performance objectives, including the charge time, charge efficiency and average cell surface temperature...

Impairment in the learning/memory behavior of bees is responsible for the massive disappearance of bee populations and its consequent agricultural economic losses. Such impairment might be because of o both pesticide exposure and pathogen infection, with a key contributor deformed wing virus (DWV). The present study found that sodium butyrate (NaB)...

Due to the complexity of socio-economic-related issues, people thought of housing market as a chaotic nucleus situated at the intersection of neighboring sciences. It has been known that the dependence of house features on the residential property value can be estimated employing the well-established hedonic regression analysis method in teams of l...

This study demonstrates the feasibility of recovering energy from discarded primary batteries (e.g., alkaline or zinc-carbon) that would be disposed of as normal household waste based on self-adaptive pulse discharge (SAPD) method. The SAPD approach is utilized to search the optimal pulse frequency and duty cycle for different types of used batteri...

This article proposes an experimental test to examine the effect of weighting strategies on Taguchi-based optimization of the four-stage constant current (4SCC) charging method. The performance objectives used in the test include charging time, normalized discharge capacity, charging efficiency, average cell temperature rises, and energy losses. To...

To achieve the goals of efficient and safe operation of smart grids, a remote monitoring system for extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission line is required. In Taiwan, most of the towers of EHV transmission systems built by Taiwan Power Company (TPC) are located in remote areas and their line topology resembles a long chain. Therefore, the monitorin...

To quickly isolate suspected cases to control the epidemics, this study proposes a body temperature monitoring system with a thermography based on the Internet of things (IoT) architecture. The collected data are transmitted to a back-end platform via wireless communication. Using the analyzed data, the platform provides services such as instant al...

Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) is a technique that can effectively reduce the complexity of the decision-making processes for a smart grid. IoT-based DTR monitoring systems can be used to achieve reliable and low-cost remote monitoring of power grids, but this method is heavily reliant on collecting accurate real-time meteorological data by sensors d...

This study presents a preliminary investigation report on an aging-level-based (ALB) charging strategy that is possible to extend the battery lifespan by varying the charge current according to the state of health of a cell as opposed to the standard constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) and a four-stage constant current (4SCC) methods. Tests o...

Concentrations of various particulate matter (PM) in urban areas have attracted great attention, due to the increasing demand on life quality. Many studies have highlighted the spatial variability of PM2.5 in urban areas, and found that there are significant differences between residents' exposure and background levels. Different from the strategy...

The intensive measures of luminescence in a GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well system are used to examine the thermodynamics and phenomenological structure. The radiative /nonradiative transitions along with absorbed or emitted phonons that occur between the different quantum states of the electrons and holes associated with these processes make the q...

This study utilizes a Taguchi-based particle swarm optimization algorithm to search an optimal four-stage constant current charge pattern for delivering the maximum capacity to provide long runtimes within the shortest charging time. The goal is to maximize the cost function for the applied charge pattern based on the charging time and discharge ca...

This paper presents an overview of assessments of the long-term energy harvest capabilities of different photovoltaic (PV) systems. Based on semiconductor theory, an effective assessment approach is developed which can be used for evaluation of the ratios of energy harvested by different PV systems at various latitudes. The proposed approach makes...

This study proposes an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) for stock index forecasting based on a fuzzy time series and a fuzzy logical relationship map (FLRM). First, variations within the data are found, with the maximum and minimum variations used for the interval settings of the universe of discourse. The time series variations are fuzz...

Currently, global warming is worsening, causing the difficulty of cultivating crops in open fields, and leading to unstable quality of crops. Plant factories provide a well-controlled growth environment for precisely cultivating plants. However, uneven temperature distributions (UTDs) still occur at each cultivation shelf in plant factories, which...

Based on topological and geometrical data of an actual national power grid, this paper first presents the statistical characteristics of a transmission line monitoring wireless sensor network (WSN). We have discovered that the length of a transmission line follows a Weibull distribution. The number of towers in a transmission line has a Negative Bi...

The dynamic thermal rating (DTR) of extra-high voltage (EHV) power system is an important safety factor during dispatching power flow. The maximum line ampacity of an EHV power grid is closely related to the line temperature, which can be calculated based on the real-time weather data from meteorological observation stations through the IEEE Std. 7...

This study implements a possible use of the state of charge (SOC) instead of the charge voltage limit (Vlimit) to control the charging process for a four-stage constant current charging strategy. To determine the charging current in each stage, an iterative optimization procedure based on Taguchi method is employed to find near-optimal values. To c...

Human mobility is an important risk factor affecting contagious disease transmission. Therefore, understanding spatial behaviors and interactions among individuals is a fundamental issue. Past studies using high-resolution human contacts data with sequential location data from global positioning systems (GPS) receivers have captured spatial-tempora...

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under outdoor operation is greatly affected by their location and environmental conditions. The temperature of a PV module gradually increases as it is exposed to solar irradiation, resulting in degradation of its electrical characteristics and power generation efficiency. This study adopts wireless sens...

In recently years, global warming and climate change have gradually emerged. Photovoltaic (PV) energy has attracted intensive research effort, due to its unique properties and versatile applications. The power generated by the PV systems can be directly supplied to buildings or electrical grids to reduce high costs associated with using energy such...

A smart grid is defined as novel electric power grid infrastructure that improves the efficiency, reliability and safety of the grid, by integrating renewable and alternative energy sources through automated control and novel communication technologies. The increasing demand for more effective electrical power system control has led to the rapid de...

The Chi-Chi earthquake is one of the biggest earthquake occurred in Taiwan and caused a huge damage to the power system, especially the extra- high voltage (EHV) towers. Therefore, seismic hazards for EHV transmission towers should not be underestimated. In particular, earthquakes are especially a significant threat to EHV transmission towers in Ta...

For overhead transmission line monitoring, wireless sensor networks offer a low-cost solution to connect sensors on towers with the control center. However, these networks cannot meet stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, in terms of packet delivery ratio and delay. Also, it is necessary to ensure robustness such that data can be deliver...

The characteristics of the photocarrier transfer process in ZnO nanostructures fabricated on silicon substrates by the hydrothermal method are studied using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The luminescence shows distinct features arising from the dynamics of the excited carriers which occur as a consequence of the differe...

Traditional methods for monitoring the environmental factors of a greenhouse and the growth of Phalaenopsis orchids often suffer from low spatiotemporal resolution, high labor-intensity, requiring much time, and a lack of automation and synchronization. To solve these problems, this study develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system to monitor...

Calorimetric biochemical measurements offer various advantages such as low waste, low cost, low sample consumption, short operating time, and labor-savings. Multichannel calorimeters can enhance the possibility of performing higher-throughput biochemical measurements. An enthalpy sensor (ES) array is a key device in multichannel calorimeters. Most...

The orchid industry in Taiwan has established large-scale orchid greenhouses to achieve high-precision cultivation of orchids, especially for Phalaenopsis. The wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been shown to be able to play an important and useful role for effectively acquiring environmental parameters in real-time. However, the mobile b...

How to promote the energy harvesting performance of traditional two-stage inverters used in photovoltaic (PV) systems is a critical issue in the PV applications. This paper reviews the prevalent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and the difficulties and performances of using different stage inverter architectures. Based on the findings...

Although dynamic thermal rating (DTR) is an effective and proper tool in assisting the planning and operation decisions of a smart grid, it closely depends on the weather information to determine the deployment of large numbers of sensors. This paper proposes a method, named gappy proper orthogonal decomposition-based genetic algorithm (GPOD-GA) fo...

Finding ways to improve the line ampacity supplied by existing power grids is an inevitable problem that electricity dispatch operators are now facing. Generally, the overhead power grid can operate at a proper rating when the weather dependant dynamic thermal rating (DTR) of lines is provided. Comprehensive understanding of future variation of lin...

The activity of a honey bee colony is heavily environmentally dependent. So, monitoring the colony activity should include the information of biological and physical factors both inside and outside of a beehive. However, using manual methods to simultaneously monitor the incoming and outgoing activities of a large amount of foragers and the environ...

Honey bees have the ability to detect the Earth’s magnetic field, and the suspected magnetoreceptors are the iron granules in the abdomens of the bees. To identify the sensing route of honey bee magnetoreception, we conducted a classical conditioning experiment in which the responses of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) were monitored. Honey bee...

A smart grid is a modernized power grid. Many novel technologies have been used to smart grids. One of the technologies is the wireless sensor network. In this study, a novel backbone communication network is proposed, which combines two different wireless technologies (the ZigBee and Wi-Fi protocol), to form a communication network between the tra...

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular issue in academic research. The technology of Wireless Sensing Network can fully implement the concept of IoT. A WSN uses less expensive sensors to automatically monitor environmental factors and to transmit sensing data. Therefore, the cost of manually collecting sensing data can be largely reduced. WS...

This paper utilizes CDEGS software to calculate the transient ground potential rise (GPR) in a commercial building, with a base of 39 m x 13 m and a height of 21 m, during direct lightning strokes. The influences of soil resistivity, location of the lightning strike point, and wave shape of the lightning current on the transient GPRs of three scena...

Among natural disasters, earthquakes are a major factor that damages transmission lines and power towers, but the impacts of earthquakes on transmission towers are less discussed. For many countries, earthquakes often cause power outages. Traditionally, the safety of extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission systems is inspected by the staff of power c...

The main objective of this study is to assess the potential for energy savings in the cooling water circuit of a vessel through the use of variable speed drives (VSDs). A small-scale cooling system was set up in the laboratory and relevant tests were carried out by simulating field conditions. Moreover, the payback period from VSDs installation on...

A method of maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic module system is disclosed. The photovoltaic module system may comprise a photovoltaic module array comprising a plurality of identical photovoltaic modules, and the tracking method may comprise: detecting system parameters and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module array; est...

One of the primary objectives of wireless sensor networks is to provide full coverage of a sensing field as long as possible. Many tasks-such as object tracking and battlefield intrusion detection-require full coverage at any time. With the limited energy of sensor nodes, organizing these nodes into a maximal number of subgroups (or called set cove...

One of the critical concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the continuous maintenance of sensing coverage. Many particular applications, such as battlefield intrusion detection and object tracking, require a full-coverage at any time, which is typically resolved by adding redundant sensor nodes. With abundant energy, previous studies sugges...

The Oriental Fruit Fly (OFF), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of most devastating insect pests that have periodically caused serious damage to fruit farms in Taiwan and many countries in the world. In the past, many studies reported that the population dynamics of OFF was partially correlated to the weather and the historical population develo...

In this paper, we investigate the utilization of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and optical hard-limiter in OCDMA communication systems. Since the multiple access interference will impose significant penalty on system performance, using optical hard-limiter is an effective countermeasure to relieve this adverse impact. To further increase the...

The present invention provides a method for adjusting a maximum power of a circuit having a first voltage output and a first power. The method includes the following steps: (a) obtaining a voltage coefficient by measuring the first power of the circuit and calculating an open-circuit voltage of the first voltage output; (b) estimating an estimated...

SUMMARY The incident angle is a critical factor impacting the performance of fixed photovoltaic (PV) modules. Off-normal incidence leads to significant changes in the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and serious deterioration in the performance of fixed PV modules, resulting in difficulties in achieving optimal use of the available solar energ...

Photovoltaic (PV) systems incorporated with sun-tracking technology have been proposed and verified to effectively increase the power harvest. However, the actual power generated from a PV module has not been investigated and compared with that analyzed from theoretical models of the PV material. This study proposes a novel method for estimating th...

Microwave applicators are widely employed for materials heating in scientific research and industrial applications, such as food processing, wood drying, ceramic sintering, chemical synthesis, waste treatment, and insect control. For the majority of microwave applicators, materials are heated in the standing waves of a resonant cavity, which can be...

Photovoltaic (PV) generation systems have been shown to have a promising role for use in high electric-load buildings, such as the closed plant factory which is dependent upon artificial lighting. The power generated by the PV systems can be either directly supplied to the buildings or fed back into the electrical grid to reduce the high economic c...

One of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is reliability which is not necessarily a measurable single point; however, it's the result of a number of considerations including the sensor consensus, complexity of WSN systems, integration of different kinds of sensors and electronics, and the harsh environment. Evaluating reliabili...

Environmental conditions, such as temperature, non-uniform irradiation, and solar shading, deeply affect the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules in PV-assisted generation systems. Several local maximum power points (MPPs) are found in the power–voltage curve of PV systems constructed by series/parallel-connected PV modules under partially...

Colonoscopy is considered the most effective method for diagnosing colorectal diseases, but its application is sometimes limited due to invasiveness, patient intolerance, and the need for sedation. The aim of this study was to improve the problem of loop formation and shorten the cecal intubation time of colonoscopy by using a magnetic control syst...

Objective: The therapeutic outcomes of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on closed bone fractures (CBFs) in the wrist and hand were investigated in this controlled study. Background data: Animal research has confirmed that LLLT increases osteocyte quantity; however, little research has been conducted to determine the effect of LLLT on the treatment...

Achieving the maximum power output from photovoltaic (PV) modules is indispensable for the operation of grid-connected PV power systems under varied atmospheric conditions. In recent years, the study of PV energy for different applications has attracted more and more attention because solar energy is clean and renewable. We propose an efficient dir...

The Matsu Islands in Taiwan are an archipelago of islands surrounded by the sea. Some of the islands are chosen as the breeding places by many kinds of migratory birds. Among these sea birds, one of the critical endangered species is the Chinese Crested Tern Thalasseus bernsteini. In the past, its habitual ecological behaviour has been inspected by...

Air pollution has become a severe environmental problem due to urbanization and heavy traffic. Monitoring street-level air quality is an important issue, but most official monitoring stations are installed to monitor large-scale air quality conditions, and their limited spatial resolution cannot reflect the detailed variations in air quality that m...

In a power delivery system, excessive loads may lead to high temperature of power transmission lines. The extent of aging is proportional to the severity of the thermal overload. How to evaluate aging is an important issue for electric power systems. A critical span refers to a span where the highest conductor temperature occurs in transmission lin...

Many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) - including medical healthcare, military surveillance and security systems - must meet the requirement of 100% coverage, but the issue of coverage is not addressed by studies on routing protocols. Thus, this work proposes an adaptive coverage-preserving routing protocol (ACPRP) to deal with cover...

An underwater wireless sensor is provided. The underwater wireless sensor comprises a floating-diving device enabling the underwater wireless sensor to dive to a first predetermined water depth in response to a predetermined condition; a sensing device converting a plurality of environmental parameters into a plurality of environmental messages; a...