Jodi L. Young

A.T. Still University · Program in Physical Therapy

Background Sleep and mental health are intimately related and shown to impact graduate students enrolled in health sciences programs, including physical therapy education. Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT) students’ attitudes and behaviors surrounding sleep and whether these factors are associated with mental health are unknown. This study aimed...

In the context of clinical trials, treatment fidelity (TF) has traditionally referred to the extent to which an intervention or treatment is implemented by the clinicians as intended by the researchers who designed the trial. Updated definitions of TF have included an appropriate design of the intervention that was performed in a way that is known...

Rationale Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition with a significant societal burden. Manual therapy is an effective treatment for LBP and recommended in clinical practice guidelines. While the quantity of literature supporting the use of manual therapy is large, the methodological quality and transparency of this collective work are unclear. Ai...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if maladaptive imaging beliefs correlated with, and predicted pain interference and physical function outcomes in people with musculoskeletal pain disorders. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients with musculoskeletal disorders receiving outpatient physical therapy from April 2022-August 2023. METHODS: Four questions...

Rationale Despite the widespread recommendation to engage in therapeutic exercise for the treatment of low back pain (LBP), there is conflicting evidence regarding clinical outcomes and effectiveness. Poor methodological quality may be to blame for reducing the overall strength of evidence for this intervention, yet little is known about the diffic...

Objective: This review aimed to describe the quality and comprehensiveness of adverse event (AE) reporting in clinical trials incorporating manual therapy (MT) as an intervention for extremity conditions using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-Harms extension as the benchmark. The secondary aim was to determine whether the qu...

Introduction: Manual therapy is an often-utilized intervention for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The interpretation of results presented by these trials can be affected by how well the study designs align applicability to real-world clinical settings. Aim: To examine the existing body of clinical trials investigating manual therapy fo...

Purpose To assess and identify patients' perceptions about the overall value of physical therapy services for musculoskeletal conditions and how these values were associated with their outcomes. Methods The association between the perceived value of physical therapy (as a score) and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions used in clinical trials for low back pain (LBP), and summarize knowledge gaps in assessing the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions for LBP. DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochra...

Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate and characterize the scope of care for low back pain that falls under the specific label of manual therapy. Methods PubMed database, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and SPORTDiscus were searched from journal inception through May 20...

Objective The goals of this study were to evaluate the extent that physical therapy journals support open science research practices by adhering to the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines and to assess the relationship between journal scores and their respective journal impact factor. Methods Scimago, mapping studies, the National Libra...

Purpose To identify how pre-surgical conservative care is characterized and reported in randomized controlled trials of adults undergoing elective lumbar fusion, including duration and type of treatment. Methods The study design is a scoping review. Data sources include PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Ovi...

Introduction A prognosis provides valuable information to expected progress and anticipated outcome over the course of care. Although it is known that physical therapists can accurately prognose, it is unknown what factors are utilised in clinical practice. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic domains and factors tha...

Background: Exercise is an effective intervention for knee osteoarthritis (OA), and unsupervised exercise programs should be a common adjunct to most treatments. However, it is unknown if current clinical trials are capturing information regarding adherence. Objective: To summarize the extent and quality of reporting of unsupervised exercise adh...

Objective: To identify and map the extent to which trials for pain interventions in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) track measures of sleep, characterize the type of sleep measure assessed, and assess their influence on pain-related effect sizes. Design: A scoping review was conducted, searching seven bibliometric databases from 2000 t...

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the proportion of conference abstracts in sports and orthopaedic physical therapy that progressed to peer-reviewed manuscript publication, and to identify factors associated with publication after 2011. DESIGN: Retrospective publication audit. METHODS: Abstracts presented in the orthopaedic and sports physical therapy academ...

Objectives: Many clinical trials report significant improvements in osteoarthritis-related pain and function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Opioids are commonly prescribed for pain management of knee osteoarthritis, and also perioperative pain after surgery. The extent of persistent opioid use after TKA is unknown. Because up to 20% of indiv...

Study objective: To investigate the extent to which sleep measures are reported in intervention trials for chronic low back pain. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted. Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL were queried for trials published between January 2010 and December 2022 using keywords related to chronic low back pain....

Background: Evidence supports direct referral for imaging by physical therapists. Accuracy and self-efficacy for imaging decisions have not been investigated in entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between entry-level DPT instruction and accuracy and self-e...

Introduction: The presence of pain-associated psychological distress (PAPD) in musculoskeletal disorders, including negative mood, fear-avoidance, and lack of positive affect/coping, is associated with prolonged disability. The importance of considering psychological influence on pain is well known, but practical ways of addressing it are not as s...

Background Subacromial decompression (SAD) surgery remains a common treatment for individuals suffering from subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), despite numerous studies indicating that SAD provides no benefit over conservative care. Surgical protocols typically recommend surgery only after exhausting conservative measures; however, there is no conse...

Purpose: Burnout is identified as a workplace problem rather than a worker problem. However, it remains unclear what job stressors are associated with burnout among outpatient physical therapists. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to understand the burnout experiences of outpatient physical therapists. The secondary aim was to identify...

Objective: To investigate the incidence of subsequent lumbar spine, hip, and ankle-foot injuries after a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Military Health System. Participants: Individuals (n = 92,319) ages 17-60 diagnosed with patellofemoral pain between 2010-2011. Interventions: Therapeutic ex...

Rationale: The physiotherapy profession strives to be a leader in providing quality care and strongly recognizes the value of research to guide clinical practice. Adherence to guidelines for research reporting and conduct is a significant step towards high-quality, transparent and reproducible research. Aim/objective: Assess integrity between pl...

Background: Home exercise program (HEP) prescription is commonplace in physical therapy (PT). Adherence to HEPs is generally poor, with non-adherence as high as 70%. Poor adherence may negatively impact outcomes. Objectives: To (i) qualitatively assess patients' thoughts and beliefs regarding HEP performance and (ii) quantitatively define the re...

OBJECTIVES: To (1) determine how often home exercise programs (HEPs) are prescribed in supervised exercise trials for low back pain (LBP) and (2) describe characteristics of the HEP programs (design, purpose, dose, and adherence). DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched from January 1, 2010, to Augu...

The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pain-associated psychological distress (assessed by the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome -Yellow Flags) and baseline pain intensity and expectations of treatment effectiveness. The association between baseline pain-associated psychological distress and self...

Background The objective was to identify exercise therapy dosing parameters for subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) associated with improved pain and function outcomes (via effect sizes) and determine the extent of exercise intervention reproducibility. Methods An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Lite...

Purpose: Investigate the burden of knee, hip, and lumbar spine disorders occurring in the year following an ankle sprain and the influence therapeutic exercise (TE) has on this burden. Methods: 33,361 individuals diagnosed with ankle sprain in the Military Health System between 2010 and 2011 were followed for 1 year. Prevalence of knee, hip, and...

Introduction Neck pain is a leading cause of disability, and manual therapy (MT) is a common intervention used across disciplines and settings to treat it. While there is consistent support for MT in managing neck pain, questions remain about the feasibility of incorporating MT from research into clinical practice. The purpose of this scoping revie...

Objective: Determine reproducibility of resistance exercise regimens in trials for CLBP and determine if recently available checklists are effective. Methods: Four databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and CINAHL) were searched for keywords related to back pain and resistance exercise. Reproducibility was assessed using two checklists, the 12-ite...

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) are debilitating conditions reported to occur after ankle sprain due to their proximity to the ankle complex. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of PTTD and TTS in the 2 years following an ankle sprain and which variables are associated with its on...

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common nontraumatic orthopaedic disorder of the knee suffered by many service members. Understanding the make-up of usual care for PT at the system level can better frame current clinical gaps and areas that need improvement. Exercise therapy is recommended as a core treatment for PT, but it is unclear how often it i...

Objective: To evaluate the existing body of trials assessing manual therapy for low back pain (LBP) to determine where it falls on the efficacy-effectiveness continuum. Design: Methodology systematic review. Literature search: PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PEDro were searched for trials published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2021. St...

Objectives: Sleep impairments are a strong predictor of pain, making sleep a potential interest when treating patients with spine pain. Typical beliefs about the importance of sleep in patients seeking care for spinal pain are unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs and attitudes about sleep in patients seeking care for spin...

Objective To determine how usual care is defined in clinical trials for LBP and the components of care that inform its definition. Six components were proposed and assessed for inclusion: type of practitioner providing care, type of self-management education, addressing physical activity, type of medication, dose of the intervention, and reporting...

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the reproducibility of exercise therapy used in clinical trials for chronic neck pain (CNP) based on reported items from the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) and the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) checklists. Methods: Two researchers systema...

Background Patient expectations related to physical therapy outcomes are commonly collected through surveys and close-ended questionnaires. These methods may not optimally capture patients' expectations for physical therapy, especially in the patients' own words. Louis Gifford identified four questions attempting to guide clinicians' understanding...

Objective: To 1) Determine if specific dosing parameters of manual therapy are related to improved pain, disability, and quality of life outcomes in patients with hip osteoarthritis and 2) to provide recommendations for optimal manual therapy dosing based on our findings. Design: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials from the PubMe...

Purpose/Hypothesis: There is a reproducibility problem in the research literature associated with poor reporting of exercise parameters. The development of the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guidelines has sought to improve the reporting and replication of exerc...

Introduction/Objectives Therapeutic alliance (TA) is an integral part of building a patient and clinician relationship. TA begins at the initial encounter; however, the specific TA behavioural practices that are most impactful and linked to pain reduction and improved function remain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to explore physi...

Objective: A common expectation for patients after elective spine surgery is that the procedure will result in pain reduction and minimize the need for pain medication. Most studies report changes in pain and function after spine surgery, but few report the extent of opioid use after surgery. This systematic review aims to identify the rates of op...

Background: Wearable inertial sensor technology (WIST) systems provide feedback, aiming to modify aberrant postures and movements. The literature on the effects of feedback from WIST during work or work-related activities has not been previously summarised. This review examines the effectiveness of feedback on upper body kinematics during work or w...

Background Early physical therapy has been shown to decrease downstream healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates in some musculoskeletal conditions, but it has not been investigated in individuals with patellofemoral pain. The purpose was to evaluate how the use and timing of physical therapy influenced downstream healthcare use, costs, and recur...

Background: Routine knee radiographs are discouraged for individuals with non-traumatic knee pain, but they are often still ordered despite limited evidence for their value in guiding treatment choices. Radiograph utilization may delay the use of physical therapy, which has been associated with improved outcomes and lower long-term costs. Objecti...

Objectives: To identify the most common type and timing of interventions used to initially manage patellofemoral pain (PFP), and if exercise therapy as an initial treatment was associated with decreased likelihood of recurrence of PFP. Design: Retrospective cohort. Methods: Active duty military service members (n=74,408) aged 18 to 50 years an...

Background: Mental health disorders are associated with persistent knee pain, but the association between these conditions has had little investigation in the military. The purpose of this study was to identify rates of mental health disorders in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and determine differences by sex and whether mental health cop...

Background: Community-based exercise classes have the potential to sustain the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation for the prevention of future cardiovascular events. Such classes can be designed to address this need; however, whether such classes meet these objectives is rarely evaluated. Methods: Facility managers, instructors, and class participa...

Objective: This study aimed to identify posture deviations in rugby league players, and to observe relationships between posture and the incidence of non-contact lower limb injury. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Laboratory and on-field. Participants: Junior representative, semi-professional and professional rugby league players (n = 20...

Study design: Observational cohort. Background: Surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome has risen significantly in recent years, but little is known about physical therapy utilization prior to surgery. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of physical therapy prior to hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrom...

Background Large healthcare databases, with their ability to collect many variables from daily medical practice, greatly enable health services research. These longitudinal databases provide large cohorts and longitudinal time frames, allowing for highly pragmatic assessment of healthcare delivery. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the method...

Study Design Systematic review. Background Therapeutic exercise is commonly used to treat individuals with knee disorders, but dosing parameters for optimal outcomes are unclear. Large variations exist in exercise prescription, and research related to specific dosing variables for knee osteoarthritis, patellar tendinopathy, and patellofemoral pain...

Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify doses of exercise therapy associated with greater treatment effect sizes in individuals with common musculoskeletal disorders of the foot and ankle, namely, achilles tendinopathy, ankle sprains and plantar heel pain. Methods: AMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from 2005 to August 2017 for...

Background: Trigger points, which have been defined as highly localized, hyperirritable locations in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle fibers, have been identified with a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. The incidence of trigger point pain is high, with studies showing them as the primary source of pain in 30-85% of patients presenting...

Thoracic spine manipulation is commonly used by physical therapists for the management of patients with upper quarter pain syndromes. The theoretical construct for using thoracic manipulation for upper quarter conditions is a mainstay of a regional interdependence (RI) approach. The RI concept is likely much more complex and is perhaps driven by a...

Objectives: Thoracic manipulation is widely used in physical therapy and has been shown to be effective at addressing mechanical neck pain. However, thoracic mobilization may produce similar effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the effectiveness of thoracic manipulation versus mobilization...

Objective: To examine available evidence for core stabilization and lower extremity strengthening during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP) and pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP). Study Design: Systematic review. Background: Currently, there is no standard of care for PLBP and/or PPGP. Interventions are vari...

Background: Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) has become progressively more accepted as a training method for populations of all ages and conditions to promote muscle strength, bone health, functional mobility and balance. In order to determine whether or not WBVE has positive effects and should be included in physical therapy treatment, the eff...