Jock D. Mackinlay

Tableau Software

2020 Copyright for this paper by its author(s). In the context of data visualization and analytics, this report outlines some of the challenges and emerging applications that arise in the Big Data era. In particularly, fourteen distinguished scientists from academia and industry, and diverse related communities, i.e., Information Visualization, Hum...

In the context of data visualization and analytics, this report out-lines some of the challenges and emerging applications that arise in the Big Data era. In particularly, fourteen distinguished scientists from academia and industry, and diverse related communities, i.e., Information Visualization, Human-Computer Interaction, Machine Learning, Data...

Spreadsheets are a critical and widely-used data management tool. Converting spreadsheet data into relational tables would bring benefits to a number of fields, including public policy, public health, and economics. Research to date has focused on designing domain-specific languages to describe transformation processes or automatically converting a...

Visual data analysis involves both open-ended and focused exploration. Manual chart specification tools support question answering, but are often tedious for early-stage exploration where systematic data coverage is needed. Visualization recommenders can encourage broad coverage, but irrelevant suggestions may distract users once they commit to spe...

Creating effective visualizations requires domain familiarity as well as design and analysis expertise, and may impose a tedious specification process. To address these difficulties, many visualization tools complement manual specification with recommendations. However, designing interfaces, ranking metrics, and scalable recommender systems remain...

General visualization tools typically require manual specification of views: analysts must select data variables and then choose which transformations and visual encodings to apply. These decisions often involve both domain and visualization design expertise, and may impose a tedious specification process that impedes exploration. In this paper, we...

Recently, online visual analytics systems have emerged as popular tools for data analysis and sharing. The database community has an important role to play in shaping the design and implementation of these new types of systems. Little, however, is known about how these systems are used today. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by presenting...

Recently, online visual analytics systems have emerged as popular tools for data analysis and sharing. The database community has an important role to play in shaping the design and implementation of these new types of systems. Little, however, is known about how these systems are used today. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by presenting...

This groundbreaking book defines the emerging field of information visualization and offers the first-ever collection of the classic papers of the discipline, with introductions and analytical discussions of each topic and paper. The authors' intention is to present papers that focus on the use of visualization to discover relationships, using inte...

Authors use icon encodings to indicate the semantics of categorical information in visualizations. The default icon libraries found in visualization tools often do not match the semantics of the data. Users often manually search for or create icons that are more semantically meaningful. This process can hinder the flow of visual analysis, especiall...

We present a vision of next-generation visual analytics services. We argue that these services should have three related capabilities: support visual and interactive data exploration as they do today, but also suggest relevant data to enrich visualizations, and facilitate the integration and cleaning of that data. Most importantly, they should prov...

A system and method that calls attention to a location of departure in a display includes and interaction system and a content presentation system. The interaction system identifies each interaction with an area in a first display. The content presentation system upon return to the first display from a second display changes the first display to dr...

Presentation-specifically, its use of elements from storytelling-is the next logical step in visualization research and should be a focus of at least equal importance with exploration and analysis.

Tableau is a commercial business intelligence (BI) software tool that supports interactive, visual analysis of data. Armed with a visual interface to data and a focus on usability, Tableau enables a wide audience of end-users to gain insight into their datasets. The user experience is a fluid process of interaction in which exploring and visualizin...

The use of visual analysis for finding and telling stories with data has been increased significantly. Some significant parts of visual analysis are focus on a data-oriented task, forage for relevant data, visualize the data, and perform an appropriate action. Jeffrey Heer Fernanda B. Viégas, and Martin Wattenberg have made a research of collaborat...

Interactive history tools, ranging from basic undo and redo to branching timelines of user actions, facilitate iterative forms of interaction. In this paper, we investigate the design of history mechanisms for information visualization. We present a design space analysis of both architectural and interface issues, identifying design decisions and a...

This paper describes Show Me, an integrated set of user interface commands and defaults that incorporate automatic presentation into a commercial visual analysis system called Tableau. A key aspect of Tableau is VizQL, a language for specifying views, which is used by Show Me to extend automatic presentation to the generation of tables of views (co...

As information visualization matures as an academic research field, commercial spinoffs are proliferating, but success stories are harder to find. This is the normal process of emergence for new technologies, but the panel organizers believe that there are certain strategies that facilitate success. To teach these lessons, we have invited several k...

Wideband displays fill our field of view, creating new opportunities to develop effective visual interfaces. Although multiple monitors are becoming an affordable way to create wideband displays, the resulting seams create gaps in words and divide diagonal lines into nonaligned segments. We present several novel user interface techniques for creati...

Although large displays are becoming more cost effective, most user interfaces are optimized for a single monitor of modest size even though many traditional workspaces such as desks and workbenches are much larger and some studies have found benefits from large displays. This paper explores whether a single monitor is sufficient for information wo...

Although vendors have made multiple-monitor systems for many years, our interfaces have been stuck in a 30-year old windows paradigm focused on displays much smaller than the desktops we use when working with paper. Advances in flat panel displays and graphics cards now enable affordable personal computers with 6-8 monitors and may someday eliminat...

This paper describes the 3Book, a 3D interactive visualization of a codex book as a component for various digital library and sensemaking systems. The book is designed to hold large books and to support sensemaking operations by readers. The book includes methods in which the automatic semantic analysis of the book's content is used to dynamically...

This paper describes the 3Book, a 3D interactive visualization of a codex book as a component for digital library and information-intensive applications. The 3Book is able to represent books of almost unlimited length, allows users to read large format books, and has features to enhance reading and sensemaking.

Taking the form of physical books, virtual 3D books can be used as basic components of e-book systems, information workspaces, and digital libraries. This paper describes the page turning design of 3Book, a 3D book that we recently developed based on our previous experiences with Web-Book. Our design achieves interactive page turning by em-ploying...

City Lights are space-efficient fisheye techniques that provide contextual views along the borders of windows and subwindows that describe unseen objects in all directions. We present a family of techniques that use a range of graphical dimensions to depict varied information about unseen objects. City Lights can be used alone or in conjunction wit...

Advances in computer technology have created new possibilities for information retrieval systems in which user interfaces could play a more central role. Our analysis of the problem suggests that what is needed from the user's point of view is not so much information retrieval itself, but rather, the amplification of information-based work processe...

City Lights are space-efficient fisheye techniques that provide contextual views along the borders of windows and subwindows that describe unseen objects in all directions. We present a family of techniques that use a range of graphical dimensions to depict varied information about unseen objects. City Lights can be used alone or in conjunction wit...

Visualization is a powerful way to facilitate data analysis, but it is crucial that visualization systems explicitly convey the presence, nature, and degree of uncertainty to users. Otherwise, there is a danger that data will be falsely interpreted, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. A common method for denoting uncertainty is to use er...

The Information Grid (InfoGrid) is a framework for building information access applications that provides a user interface design and an interaction model. It focuses on retrieval of application objects as its top level mechanism for accessing user information, documents, or services. We have embodied the InfoGrid design in an object-oriented appli...

The Fluid Documents project has developed various research prototypes that show that powerful annotation techniques based on animated typographical changes can help readers utilize annotations more effectively. Our recently-developed Fluid Open Hypermedia prototype supports the authoring and browsing of fluid annotations on third-party Web pages. T...

The Fluid Documents project has developed various research prototypes that show that powerful annotation techniques based on animated typographical changes can help readers utilize annotations more effectively. Our recently-developed Fluid Open Hypermedia prototype supports the authoring and browsing of fluid annotations on third-party Web pages. T...

The user interface for text messaging via SMS has changed little since the technology was introduced on cell phones. Authoring text with a phone keypad is tedious and error-prone. Furthermore, the cell phone intrudes into other activities while hands hold it for authoring. In this paper we suggest a future alternative user interface for SMS message...

Fluid Documents use animated typographical changes to provide a novel and appealing user experience for hypertext browsing and for viewing document annotations in context. This paper describes an effort to broaden the utility of Fluid Documents by using the open hypermedia Arakne Environment to layer fluid annotations and links on top of arbitrary...

We have developed a prototype application called the Fluid Reading Primer to help emergent readers with the process of decoding written words into their spoken forms. When a reader requests help for a particular word, the Fluid Primer uses interactive animation to break the word apart to visually indicate its constituent sounds. The Fluid Primer ca...

Spreadsheets augment a visible tabular layout with invisible formulas. Direct manipulations of the tabular layout may or may not result in the desired changes to the formulas. The user is forced to explore the individual cells to find, verify, and modify the formulas, which causes heavy cognitive overhead. We present a set of techniques that make t...

In this paper we present a method, the Cost-of-Knowledge Characteristic Function, for characterizing information access from dynamic displays. The paper works out this method for a simple, but important, class of dynamic displays called direct-walk interactive information visualizations, in which information is accessed through a sequence of mouse...

The information presented in a document often consists of primary content as well as supporting material such as explanatory notes, detailed derivations, illustrations, and the like. We introduce a class of user interface techniques for fluid documents that supports the reader's shift to supporting material while maintaining the context of the prim...

The prospect for information visualization in the marketplace looks promising. However, external issues often make it difficult to time the movement of research to products. In particular, the Web has created a client-server model for disseminating information that works poorly for information visualization, which requires high-bandwidth access to...

In the last several years, large multi-dimensional databases have become common in a variety of applications such as data warehousing and scientific computing. Analysis and exploration tasks place significant demands on the interfaces to these databases. ...

Fluid Documents incorporate additional information into a page by adjusting typography using interactive animation. One application is to support hypertext browsing by providing glosses for link anchors. This paper describes an observational study of the impact of Fluid Documents on reading and browsing. The study involved six conditions that diffe...

Fluid documents alter their layout, typography, and other graphical characteristics in order to present supporting material in the context of the primary material that it annotates. The document surface acts as a canvas in which traditionally static elements may move and change smoothly to make room for additional information. This process is manag...

This groundbreaking book defines the emerging field of information visualization and offers the first-ever collection of the classic papers of the discipline, with introductions and analytical discussions of each topic and paper. The authors' intention is to present papers that focus on the use of visualization to discover relationships, using inte...

This paper and video present a novel user interface technique for hypertext, called fluid links, that has several advantages over current methods. Fluid links provide additional information at a link source, termed a gloss, to support readers in choosing among links and understanding the structure of a hypertext. Fluid links present glosses in a co...

We have developed a novel user interface technique for hypertext, called fluid links, that has several advantages over current methods. Fluid links provide additional information at a link source to support readers in choosing among links and understanding the structure of a hypertext. Fluid links present this information in a convenient location t...

Spreadsheets augment a visible tabular layout with invisible formulas. Direct manipulations of the tabular layout may or may not result in the desired changes to the formulas. The user is forced to explore the individual cells to find, verify, and modify the formulas, which causes heavy cognitive overhead. We present a set of techniques that make t...

this article cross-cut a number of the usual layers of digital library architectures including retrieval engines, access protocols, intermediate services, and user inter38 Rose Kearns Xerox Allaire Hicks Love Magnin Reid Kobayashi Adams Chamber Howard 3 Vairo Montgomery Merritt Stevens Hajia Rosner Galvin Biele Lovell Bardsley Rosner Senter Sachdav...

Several visualizations have emerged which attempt to visualize all or part of the World Wide Web. Those visualizations, however, fail to present the dynamically changing ecology of users and documents on the Web. We present new techniques for Web Ecology and Evolution Visualization (WEEV). Disk Trees represent a discrete time slice of the Web ecolo...

An abstract is not available.

Research on information visualization has reached the point where a number of successful point designs have been proposed and a variety of techniques have been discovered. It is now appropriate to describe and analyze portions of the design space so as to understand the differences among designs and to suggest new possibilities. This paper proposes...

This panel seeks a synergy between two common user interface approaches for information access: browsing and search. Panelists from a variety of backgrounds including information retrieval and hypertext will give short presentations suggesting what the synergy might be from their individual perspectives. The panelists and the audience will then joi...

This panel and audience will discuss the use of our experience and knowledge of data visualization methods, software, and hardware in presenting the rather abstract information contained in data bases, digital libraries, and other massive collections of data and information. The panelists and audience will examine and debate how to create effective...

The increasing mass of information confronting a business or an individual have created a demand for information management applications. Time-based information, in particular, is an important part of many information access tasks. This paper explores how to use D graphics and interactive animation to design and implement visualizers that improve a...

Nonimmersive virtual reality (VR), which places the user in a 3D environment that can be directly manipulated with a conventional graphics workstation using a monitor, a keyboard; and a mouse, is discussed. The scene is displayed with the same 3D depth cues used in immersive VR: perspective view, hidden-surface elimination, color, texture, lighting...

UI innovations are often driven by a combination of technology advances and application demands. On the technology side, advances in interactive computer graphics hardware, coupled with low-cost mass storage, have created new possibilities for information retrieval systems in which UIs could play a more central role. On the application side, increa...

Current information retrieval interfaces only address a small pant of the reality of rich interactions amongst user, task, and information sources. We view information gathering as an interactive, iterative activity involving multiple dis- parate information sources and embedded in the context of broader processes of information use. We have devel-...

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Tasks that involve large information spaces overwhelm workspaces that do not support efiicient use of space and time. For example, case studies indicate that in- formation often contains linear components, which can result in 2D layouts with wide, inefficient aspect ratios. This paper describes a technique called the Perspective W'aU for visualizin...

The task of managing and accessing large information spaces is a problem in large scale cognition. Enwrging technologies for D visualization and interactive aninlaiion offer potential solutions to this problenl, especially when the structure of the information can be visualized.We describe one of these Information Visualtzaiion techniques, called t...

This paper proposes a concept for the user interface of information retrieval systems called an information workspace. The concept goes beyond the usual notion of an information retrieval system to encompass the cost structure of information from secondary storage to immediate use. As an implementation of the concept, the paper describes an experim...

UI innovations are often driven by a combination of technology advances and application demands. On the technology side, advances in interactive computer graphics hardware, coupled with low-cost mass storage, have created new possibilities for information retrieval systems in which Uls could play a more central role. On the application side, increa...