Jochen Schmid

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at University of Münster

Xanthan is an extensively studied viscosifying agent discovered in 1961. Acetylation and pyruvylation have a major influence on its rheological properties and the effect of these groups on the conformation and rheological properties of xanthan have been studied for decades. However, these studies rely mainly on chemical modifications and therefore...

Transcriptional perturbation using inactivated CRISPR-nucleases (dCas) is a common method in eukaryotic organisms. While rare examples of dCas9 based tools for prokaryotes have been described, multiplexing approaches are limited due to the used effector nuclease. For the first time, a dCas12a derived broad host range tool for the targeted activatio...

Developing cost-efficient biotechnological processes is a major challenge in replacing fossil-based industrial production processes. The remarkable progress in genetic engineering ensures efficient and fast tailoring of microbial metabolism for a wide range of bioconversions. However, improving intrinsic properties such as tolerance, handling, grow...

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a non‐pathogenic, Gram‐positive bacterium endowed with a rich and versatile metabolism. However interesting, this bacterium has been seldom used for bioproduction thus far. In this study, we engineered P. polymyxa for isobutanol production, a relevant bulk chemical and next‐generation biofuel. A CRISPR‐Cas9‐based genome ed...

The demand for highly robust and metabolically versatile microbes is of utmost importance for replacing fossil-based processes with biotechnological ones. Such an example is the implementation of Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365 as a novel platform organism for the production of value-added products such as 2,3-butanediol or exopolysaccharides. For t...

The development of sustainable processes is the most important basis to realize the shift from the fossil-fuel based industry to bio-based production. Non-model microbes represent a great resource due to their advantageous traits and unique repertoire of bioproducts. However, most of these microbes require modifications to improve their growth and...

Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method. Spore d...

In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) technology has become the method of choice for precision genome editing in many organisms due to its simplicity and efficacy. Multiplex genome editing, point mutations, and large genomic modifications are attractive features of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. These ap...

Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method. Spore d...

This study demonstrates the use of a spore display in Paenibacillus polymyxa for the first time, specifically incorporating fluorescent spores expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the functional display of the lipase A (LipA). Spore display allows the presentation of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacterial spores, offering n...

Microbial exopolysaccharides offer a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based rheological modifiers. Recent studies revealed that the heteroexopolysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa is composed of three distinct biopolymers, referred to as paenan I, II and III. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knock-out variants of glycosyltransferases, defi...

Exopolysaccharides formation against harmful biotic and abiotic environmental influences is common among bacteria. By using renewable resources as a substrate, exopolysaccharides represent a sustainable alternative to fossil-based polymers as rheological modifiers in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. The family of Acetobacteraceae,...

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a Gram-positive soil bacterium known for producing a wide range of exopolysaccharides. However, due to the biopolymer's complexity, structural elucidation has so far been inconclusive. Combinatorial knock-outs of glycosyltransferases were generated in order to separate distinct polysaccharides produced by P. polymyxa. Usin...

Hyaluronic acid is one of the most valuable polysaccharides due to its enormous and unique biofunctionality in the human body, which renders it of highest interest for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Within this chapter, we will give an overview of the development of hyaluronic acid as a commercial product, including the various orig...

To date, only limited knowledge is available on how complex cellular behaviors are regulated in P. polymyxa . In this study, we investigate several regulatory proteins which play a role in governing different physiological traits.

Despite being unicellular organisms, bacteria undergo complex regulation mechanisms which coordinate different physiological traits. Among others, DegU, DegS, and Spo0A are the pleiotropic proteins which govern various cellular responses and behaviors. However, the functions and regulatory networks between these three proteins are rarely described...

The use of molecular tools based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) systems has rapidly advanced genetic engineering. These molecular biological tools have been applied for different genetic engineering purposes in multiple organisms, including the quite rarely explored Paenibacillus polymyxa. However,...

Paenibacillus polymyxa is an avid producer of exopolysaccharides of industrial interest. However, due to the complexity of the polymer composition, structural elucidation of the polysaccharide remained unfeasible for a long time. By using a CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knock-out strategy, all single glycosyltransferases as well as the Wzy polymerases were...

The usage of polysaccharides as biodegradable polymers is of growing interest in the context of a sustainable and ecofriendly economy. For this, the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Gluconacetobacter sp. was investigated. Glycerol as carbon source revealed to be beneficial compared to glucose. In addition, pure glycerol could be substitute...

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has rapidly advanced genetic engineering research. The system has been applied for different genetic engineering purposes in multiple organisms including the quite rarely explored Paenibacillus polymyxa. Only limited studies on CRISPR-based system have been described for this...

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated genome engineering and related technologies have revolutionized biotechnology over the last decade by enhancing the efficiency of sophisticated biological systems. Cas12a (Cpf1) is an RNA-guided endonuclease associated to the CRISPR adaptive immune system found in many prok...

Porphyridium exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which contain sulfate and methyl groups, have a similar potential for use in multiple industrial applications as macroalgae counterparts but lack detailed characterization. For this reason, we produced 0.21 g L⁻¹ of P. sordidum EPS and 0.17 g L⁻¹ P. purpureum EPS, followed by a thorough rheological characteri...

Functional carbohydrate polymers are of immense industrial interest for high value applications. Distinct biosynthetic pathways allow for metabolic engineering approaches for production in microbial cell factories. The most common strategies in recent years included the attenuation of central carbon metabolism, improved substrate utilization or enh...

Transcriptional perturbation using inactivated CRISPR-nucleases (dCas) is a common method in eukaryotic organisms. While rare examples of dCas9-based tools for prokaryotes have been described, multiplexing approaches are limited due to the used effector nuclease. For the first time, a dCas12a derived tool for the targeted activation and repression...

Microalgae as photosynthetic microorganisms are the source of valuable compounds such as proteins, carotenoids, lipids and carbohydrate polymers. Among the different phyla, Porphyridium as part of the red microalgae (Rhodophyta) are of high importance as producers of sulfated polysaccharides. As the name suggests these microalgae are typically red;...

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a Gram-positive, non-pathogenic soil bacterium that has been extensively investigated for the production of R-R-2,3-butanediol in exceptionally high enantiomeric purity. Rational metabolic engineering efforts to increase productivity and product titers were restricted due to limited genetic accessibility of the organism up...

A model-based rheological characterization of four sphingans in combination with four prominent surfactants of cosmetic formulations of cationic, anionic, zwitterionic and neutral headgroup characteristics was performed. The impact of the surfactants on the rheological properties, based on changes in the mechanical models was evaluated in respect t...

Due to the relatively low yield of exopolysaccharides from microalgae compared to other microorganisms, their production is more challenging and needs to be optimized. Porphyridium sordidum and Porphyridium purpureum growth and exopolysaccharide production were optimized by testing influence of light at different wavelengths and varying nutrients a...

This chapter describes the production processes for various microbial polysaccharides, starting from substrates to fermentation and downstream processing, with a special focus on bioreactor design and process variants. The main scope is on the differences between fungal and bacterial polysaccharide production based on hyphal growth and cell divisio...

Microbial polysaccharides belong to the class of biopolymers, which consist as carbohydrate macromolecules synthesized by microbes. Polysaccharides make up one of the three major classes of biopolymers, next to polypeptides (proteins) and polynucleotides (deoxyribonucleic acids), and among these are industrially the most important based on the tonn...

Scleroglucan is a β-glucan exopolysaccharide (EPS) efficiently produced by Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126, with attractive properties for a wide range of industries. Its production was herein comparatively assessed with nine alternative C- and twelve N-sources. When comparing conventional sucrose-based Production Medium PM20 (8.41 g C/L + NaNO3 as...

Um eine Professur zu übernehmen, bedarf es einer Fülle an formalen Voraussetzungen und die Wege dorthin sind vielfältig und häufig verworren. Welcher dieser Wege ans Ziel führt, ist neben dem Alter und der Publikationsleistung auch stark von der Kultur der Wissenschaftsbereiche abhängig. Während in den Naturwissenschaften eine Habilitation oft noch...

The bacterial glycome comprises all carbohydrates, carbohydrate derivatives as well as glycoconjugates. These compounds are incorporated in many different functions within the cell and can be found in nearly all parts of the cellular system, from cytoplasm to outer decoration of the cell wall and the cell wall itself. The glycome also comprises sug...

Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides serve important cell protective, structural, and signaling roles. They have particularly attracted attention as adhesives and matrix components promoting biofilm formation, which significantly contributes to resistance against antibiotics. In the root nodule symbiosis between rhizobia and leguminous plants, e...

This chapter will deal with the structural diversity of bacterial (exo)polysaccharides based on the biosynthesis pathways and the highly specific glycosyltransferase proteins. Especially the so called Wzx/Wzy biosynthesis pathway will be explained in detail and the challenges and prospects of tailoring the chemical structures and thus polysaccharid...

Scientists have combined functional and computational analysis to predict the substrate specificity of a family of glycosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana, creating a tool that enables researchers to classify the donor and acceptor specificity of glycosyltransferase enzymes.

Motivated by multiple national and international agreements aiming to in-crease the share of clean, affordable renewable energy and limit CO2emis-sions, Fraunhofer IGB BioCat focuses its work on the development of new combined chemical-biotechnological technolo-gies for the conversion of CO2and energy into fuels and chemicals. In general, the techn...

Die Zahl akademischer Nachwuchsführungskräfte ist in den vergangenen zehn Jahren stark gestiegen. Nicht immer geht mit einer Zunahme an Pflichten auch ein Mehr an Rechten einher. Nachwuchsführungskräfte des Zukunftsforums Biotechnologie der DECHEMA unterbreiten Verbesserungsvorschläge. Link zum Artikel. https://www.wissenschaftsmanagement-online.d...

The distinct biosynthesis pathways for microbial exopolysaccharide production provide different engineering strategies to tailor the chemical structures of the final polymers. This review focuses on the latest insights in the various pathways and identifies bottlenecks as well as promising targets for tailoring microbial polysaccharide production....

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) often confer a survival advantage by protecting the cell against abiotic and biotic stresses, including host defensive factors. They are also main components of the extracellular matrix involved in cell-cell recognition, surface adhesion and biofilm formation. Biosynthesis of a growing number of EPS has been repor...

Application of state-of-the-art genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 drastically increase the number of undomesticated micro-organisms amenable to highly efficient and rapid genetic engineering. Adaptation of these tools to new bacterial families can open up entirely new possibilities for these organisms to accelerate as biotechnologically relevan...

Rheology-controlling agents are of importance for numerous products in a variety of industries. Replacement of synthetic chemicals with natural additives is desired in light of current environmental awareness and limited fossil resources. This study investigates the rheological features of Paenan, an exopolysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus poly...

Abstract The unsaturated long-chain ,-dicarboxylic acid 1,18-cis-octadec-9-enedioic acid (cis-ODA) is a versatile precursor of various valuable compounds, such as polymers, and can be obtained from renewable resources. This makes cis-ODA highly attractive for the chemical industry where there is a growing interest in sustainable processes. Howeve...

Dodecanedioic acid (DDA) is highly useful to the chemical industry as a versatile precursor for producing the polyamide nylon-6,12, which is used for many technical applications, such as heat and chemical-resistant sheaths. However, DDA synthesis has several drawbacks, such as high energy input and cost-intensive removal of by-products. Therefore,...

An aniline blue fluorescence assay was constructed to quantify two fungal β-(1,3)–glucans with β-(1,6)–sidechains: scleroglucan and schizophyllan. Calibration curves were linear in the range from 30 mg/l to 6 g/l with R² > 99.8%. The assay was robust against d-glucose (50 g/l), oxalic acid (22.5 g/l), protein (0.667 g/l), and KCl (13.3 g/l). Sclero...

As a graduate student, PhD student, or even a PostDoc, one is standing at the shores of the ocean of science. This is certainly a very overwhelming time. Its beauty and hidden treasures gave rise to the desire to set the sails of curiosity and investigation. Yet at that time, its riffs and reefs we could not foresee nor its wakes and unpredictabili...

Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was first described in 2010 with the type strain L. xylanilyticus XDB9. It is able to both degrade xylan and use it as the sole carbon source. Here, we describe the 4.8-Mb genome of the strain L. xylanilyticus SR-86, which was isolated from organic waste.

Background Hexuronic acids such as D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid can be utilized via different pathways within the metabolism of microorganisms. One representative, the oxidative pathway, generates α-keto-glutarate as the direct link entering towards the citric acid cycle. The penultimate enzyme, keto-deoxy glucarate dehydratase/decarbo...

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Xanthomonas campestris LMG 8031, for which nearly no genetic information is available, despite its good xanthan-producing properties. We performed an Illumina-based sequencing approach of LMG 8031. The genome revealed a 5.0-Mb chromosome having 4,434 coding sequences and a G+C content of 65%.

No abstract is available for this article.

No abstract is available for this article.

No abstract is available for this article.

Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amou...

The Research topic “Microbial exopolysaccharides from genes to applications” covers 12 articles dealing with the highly diverse class of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Many bacteria, archaea, yeast, and filamentous fungi are able to produce EPSs under different conditions. These biopolymers significantly differ in monomer composition, substit...

The enzyme subclass of glycosyltransferases (GTs; EC 2.4) currently comprises 97 families as specified by CAZy classification. One of their important roles is in the biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides by catalyzing the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to other sugar molecules. In addition G...

In diesem Werkstattbericht beschreiben wir die Hintergründe und die Erfahrungen mit einem inter- disziplinären Forschungsseminar an der Technischen Universität München (TUM). In diesem überfachlichen Seminar haben wir eine interdisziplinäre Lern- und Forschungsumgebung für Studierende unterschiedlicher Fakultäten geschaffen, innerhalb der sie gegeb...

Industrial biotechnology relies on the availability of highly efficient enzymes and production strains for the development of economically viable processes. Recent advances in the field of genome editing will greatly speed up the implementation of desired metabolic pathways and their optimization, thereby facilitating fast and cost-effective produc...

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are a structurally very diverse class of molecules. A number of them have found their application in rather diverging fields that extend from medicine, food, and cosmetics on the one side to construction, drilling, and chemical industry on the other side. The analysis of microbial strains for their competence in p...

EINE VERANTWORTUNGSVOLL GENUTZTE GRÜNE GENTECHNIK IST KEINE RISIKOTECHNOLOGIE! DER SCHULTERSCHLUSS VON FORSCHERN UND ANWENDERN DER GENTECHNIK WIRD WICHTIG, UM EINE DISKREDITIERUNG EINZELNER BEREICHE DER BIOTECHNOLOGIE ZU VERHINDERN.

Bacteria produce a wide range of exopolysaccharides which are synthesized via different biosynthesis pathways. The genes responsible for synthesis are often clustered within the genome of the respective production organism. A better understanding of the fundamental processes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and the regulation of these pro...

Uronate dehydrogenases catalyse the oxidation of uronic acids to aldaric acids, which represent 'top value-added chemicals' that have the potential to substitute petroleum-derived chemicals. The identification and annotation of three uronate dehydrogenases derived from Fulvimarina pelagi HTCC2506, Streptomyces viridochromogenes DSM 40736 and Oceani...

Microbial exo-polysaccharides can serve as valuable biopolymers in medicine, food and the feed industry as well as in various technical applications as substitutes of petro-based polymers or with unusual performance. Due to their different natural functions, they have vastly diverse structures, which lead to a very different properties. This struct...

Four alginates possessing different guluronic/mannuronic acid ratios and one acetylated alginate were investigated with respect to their behavior during intercalation into layered double hydroxides. Two alginates were commercial products while the others were synthesized via bacterial fermentation and in one sample followed by enzymatic treatment....

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. The platform as realized and described in this article...

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) represent a valuable class of multifunctional biogenic polymers, which reveal their high number of functionalities based on individual structures – i.e. types, interconnection and substitution of saccharide monomers. By those variable characteristics, they obtain important technical advantages in combination with...

Microbial polysaccharides have a wide range of functional properties and show high relevance in industrial applications. The possibility to create tailor-made polysaccharides by genetic engineering will further enhance the product portfolio and may open new fields of application. Here, we have examined in detail the recently sequenced genome of the...

Biocatalysis is a promising tool for the sustainable production of chemicals. When cofactor depending enzymatic reactions are involved the applicability of the right cofactor is a central issue. One important example in this regard is the production of alcohols by nicotinamide cofactor (NAD(P)(+)) depending alcohol dehydrogenases. AdhZ3 from E. col...

Kozakia baliensis belongs to the family Acetobacteraceae and was described for the first time in 2002. These acetic acid bacteria are able to produce acetic acid from various carbon sources and 2- and 5-keto-d-gluconate from glucose. The novel K. baliensis strain SR-745 was isolated from a pineapple fruit bought in a German supermarket. The strain...

This discussion paper is the joint effort of the Dechema Zukunftsforum Biotechnologie. Fourty years after the first study dealing with the potential of biotechnology the Zukunftsforum, as a group of young scientists takes a look at the role of biotechnology to realize the bioeconomy.

A fast carbohydrate screening platform processible in 96-well format is described. The method is suitable for the determination of various carbohydrates out of complex mixtures as obtained by acidic hydrolysis of carbohydrates polymers. The chromatographic conditions for an efficient separation (12 min) and the derivatization process with 1-phenyl-...

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are biogenic and biodegradable polymers. The range of their application is extending steadily and in some areas they are already competing with conventional petrochemical products such as polyacrylates. Despite growing interest in microbial EPS, biosynthesis and production on a molecular scale are still not fully...

Weiße Gentechnologie – Von Vitaminen & Aromen zu Industriechemikalien Die moderne Biotechnologie wird je nach Anwendungsfeld in verschiedene Bereiche unterteilt, die gern mit einer Farbe belegt werden, die das Anwendungsfeld besonders gut illustriert. So spricht man im medizinischen Bereich (z.B. Herstellung von Biopharmazeutika, Diagnostik) von d...

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by filamentous fungi often interfere with common methods for the extraction of nucleic acids or proteins. Similar precipitation behavior (e.g., by formation of hetero-triple helixes between the EPS and nucleic acid strands) severely minimizes yields of DNA or RNA extraction. In fungal strains that produce very high...

The talk will deal with novel biorefinery concepts to realize a biobased economy. Conversion of biomass into chemical monomers and polymers is in the focus. A crucial difference between plant biomass and mineral oil lies in the quantity and locality of its availability. While mineral oil and its primary products can be transported through pipeline...

In analyzing the reductive power of Escherichia coli K-12 for metabolic engineering approaches, we identified YahK and YjgB, two medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases subgrouped to the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family, as being important. Identification was achieved using a stepwise purification protocol starting with crude extract. For exact...

Since its first description in the early 1960s, scleroglucan attracted much attention from both academia and industry. Scleroglucan is an exopolysaccharide secreted by the basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii and appreciated as a multipurpose compound applicable in many industrial fields, including oil industry, food industry and pharmacy. In this revi...

Scleroglukan, ein Exopolysaccharid, bestehend aus β-1,3 verknüpfter Glukose mit einer β-1,6-glycosidischen Verzweigung an jeder dritten Einheit, wird von dem Basidiomyzeten Sclerotium rolfsii sekretiert. Sowohl die Biosynthese von Scleroglucan als auch der Syntheseweg des Hauptnebenprodukts Oxalat wurden auf Sequenzebene analysiert, um durch Metabo...

60 mers. Summary for all 60-mer probes designed for microarray hybridization.

selected 60 mers. 60-mer probes used for comparative microarray hybridization.

454 summary. Summary of 454 sequencing and assembly.

KOG categories. Unigenes grouped into the KOG categories 'Carbohydrate transport and metabolism (G)' and 'Energy production and conversion (C)'.

251706710005_4. Raw data for experiment EPSmax13_37 h, Sample B.

SAMS results. Summary of annotation results using SAMS.

SSH results. Unigenes identified via SSH and Reverse Northern hybridization.

Sample Key. Sample key for comparative microarray hybridization.

251706710004_2. Raw data for experiment EPSmax13_37 h, Sample A.

251706710005_3. Raw data for experiment EPSmin17_37 h, Sample A.

Differentially expressed unigenes. Differentially expressed unigenes in EPSmax13 compared to EPSmin17 medium.

251706710005_1. Raw data for experiment EPSmax13_37 h, Sample C.

251706710004_4. Raw data for experiment EPSmin17_37 h, Sample B.

251706710006_4. Raw data for experiment EPSmin17_37 h, Sample C.

Dendrogram. Dendrogram of the clustering hybridization experiment based on mean expression values.