Joaquín González-Cabrera

• PhD
• Professor at International University of Rioja (UNIR)

Background Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a leading mental disorder among adolescents globally and is associated with premature mortality. Knowing the trends and key determinants of ADHD in youth are critical for earlier diagnosis and interventions. Methods We retrospectively examined all hospitalizations in patients aged 11 to 1...

Social networks are used daily by almost all adolescents and young people. They are used extensively, and their positive aspects are well-known, but they present multiple risks. Parents’ mediation (PM) in their children’s use of social networks (SNs) to prevent numerous problems has been recently researched. This systematic review analyzed works pu...

La protección a la infancia y la adolescencia es una prioridad mundial para las sociedades actuales. Los datos de los distintos organismos oficiales sobre los diferentes tipos de violencia en la infancia son más que preocupantes. Entre las posibles causas se señalan la ausencia de un enfoque integral en la protección de la infancia, la falta de for...

Purpose of review Internet gaming disorder (IGD), Gaming disorder (GD) and fear of missing out (FoMO) share a dysfunctional use of technology. Despite the increased academic interest in the relationship between these constructs, no attempts have been made to synthesize extant knowledge on it. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review follo...

Mental disorders account for a large and increasing health burden worldwide. Characterizing the spectrum of mental disorders and trends over time in adolescents should influence education policies and support preventative strategies at schools. Retrospective study of all hospitalizations in Spain in adolescents 11–18-years old, including mental dis...

UNSTRUCTURED The video game industry has introduced a new form of monetization through microtransactions. A controversial example has been the so called `loot-boxes´ (LBs) as virtual objects, which are randomized and bought with legal money. In recent years, LBs have come to connect two nosologically distinct clinical problems, namely Internet Gami...

Background The video game industry has introduced a new form of monetization through microtransactions. A controversial example has been the so-called “loot boxes” (LBs) as virtual objects, which are randomized and bought with legal money. In recent years, LBs have come to connect 2 distinct problem behaviors, namely internet gaming disorder (IGD)...

The use of the internet is a normative phenomenon associated with problems for younger people. The dysfunctional risks are those in which there is a problematic use of technologies that generates negative consequences. General Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) is the most prevalent, while Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (O...

Sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with minors by adults constitute one of the most pernicious risks of the Internet. Little is known about the age range in which this phenomenon is most prevalent or the relationship and overlap of this problem with other risks, such as peer-to-peer cybervictimization and cyber dating abuse. Additionall...

In recent years, increasing interest in social networking site (SNS) use has resulted in a large body of research examining addiction to SNSs. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally validate a Spanish adaptation of the Problematic Social Networking Site Use Scale (PSNUS) based on the General Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS-2) and to st...

Dispositional mindfulness has been related to a decreased propensity to aggressive behaviors toward others, including dating partners. Nevertheless, research in the context of romantic relationships is scarce, based on cross-sectional designs and offline (face to face) aggression. Thus, this 6-month longitudinal study seeks to fill a gap in the lit...

Nomophobia is a situational phobia in which a person experiences fear of not being able to use the smartphone. The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) is the most widely used but it is not validated in the Spanish-speaking Latin American context. There are hardly any cross-cultural studies of nomophobia. The main objectives are to:1) adapt and validat...

Violence is a complex, global problem with multiple offline and online manifestations. Bullying and cyberbullying are some of the most worrisome and prevalent problems in children’s peer relationships. Numerous studies have documented their relationship with physical health problems, emotional and behavioral difficulties, problematic social develop...

Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo identificar los perfiles de adicción a las redes sociales y si existe relación con las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el autoconcepto y la intención de ser físicamente activo. Participaron 276 estudiantes (115 hombres y 161 mujeres, Medad= 28,47; DT= 8,65) de 10 universidades españolas en un muestreo i...

El uso generalizado de Internet entre los adolescentes ha propiciado el ciberacoso. Los testigos desempeñan un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento y el fortalecimiento del acoso. El rasgo de atención plena (AP) se ha asociado con comportamientos prosociales, así cabe pensar que existe relación entre este rasgo y el papel adoptado por los testigos...

Introduction Research focused on the association between peer cybervictimization and declining health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is scarce. Currently, few longitudinal studies find an association between these phenomena, and none focus on cybervictimization profiles. The main objectives are: (1) to analyze the point and period prevalence, and...

The widespread use of the Internet among adolescents has led to cyberbullying. Bystanders play a vital role in sustaining and strengthening bullying. As trait mindfulness has been associated with prosocial behaviors, there is good reason to believe that there is a relationship between the mindfulness trait and the role adopted by cyberbullying byst...

General Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) is a dysfunctional use of Internet handling and management in general. In contrast, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a specific behaviour linked to online videogames. Both problems are becoming common in adolescents, but they have hardly been studied simultaneously, and the joint relationship of the two cons...

Background There have been very few longitudinal studies on online sexual solicitation and the online interaction between minors and adults. Still less evidence exists on the relationship of these problems with minors' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Objective This study aimed to analyze the point prevalence, period prevalence (prevalence...

Peer violence among adolescents raises social concern in schools due to the magnitude of the phenomenon and the associated psychological damage. Studies have shown that the prevalence of peer victimization and aggression and the types of associated behaviors vary across age groups. However, this problem has not yet been analyzed as a function of th...

The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration between a sample of gifted students and a sample of nongifted students, and their relationship in both groups with depression, stress, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A cross-sectional design was performed with two comparison gro...

Background Loot boxes are an increasingly common type of random microtransaction in videogames. There is some concern about their expansion and entailed risks, especially among adolescents. The actual prevalence of engagement with loot boxes among child and adult population is uncertain, and there is still controversy over the nature of their relat...

In recent years, viral challenges on the Internet have become a very frequent phenomenon. These allude to the actions that are proposed to Internet users to record themselves performing a challenge and disseminate it on different online platforms so that other users will also perform it. Despite its rapid expansion, there is no evidence of any vali...

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify social networks addiction profiles and whether there is a relationship with basic psychological needs, self-concept and intention to be physically active. The participants were 276 Spanish University Students (115 men and 161 women, Mage= 28.47; SD= 8.65) from 10 different universities through incidental...

Bystanders play a key role in understanding the phenomenon of cyberbullying (CB). The main aim of this study is to explore longitudinal bidirectional relationships among cyberbystanders’ reaction, CB perpetration, and CB justification. Participants were 1,105 adolescents (56.7% girls; Mage = 13.56, SD = 1.21) who answered self-reported questionnair...

In recent years, the video game industry has introduced the possibility of buying virtual random goods (e.g., loot boxes) in electronic games using money through microtransactions, which are becoming more widespread and potentially akin to gambling. Although previous research has linked loot boxes with problematic gaming and gambling behaviors, the...

Online sexual solicitation involves receiving sexual solicitations from adults, which can be followed by active online sexual behaviors by the victims. This study examined the moderator role of some characteristics of adolescents (sex, age, and problematic Internet use) that could make them more vulnerable to react by engaging in active sexual beha...

Background and aims: Despite its illegality among adolescents, online gambling is a common practice, which puts their mental health and well-being at serious risk. This systematic review summarises international scientific literature from the last 20 years on problematic online gambling among adolescents (11-21 years old) to determine its prevalen...

Los videojuegos son un producto cultural y de ocio que disfruta una gran parte de la sociedad. Además, la base de jugadores aumenta sin parar en todas las horquillas de edad, especialmente entre los más jóvenes. En estos últimos años, la industria ha introducido un tipo de microtransacción en los videojuegos que ha generado una enorme discusión, po...

Numerous cross-sectional studies have linked health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with peer victimization, but evidence of how this relationship may change over time is lacking. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence, incidence, and stability of peer victimization and to longitudinally relate peer victimization to HRQoL....

Background Mobile phones allow us to stay connected with others and provide us a sense of security. We can work, chat with family and friends, take pictures, buy clothes or books, and even control home appliances. They play such a significant role in our lives that we feel anxious without them. In some cases, the relationship between humans and the...

Background: Loot boxes are a type of random microtransactions that are increasingly common in videogames, so there is some concern about its true extent and entailed risks. Although many papers have been published recently about this topic, the actual prevalence of loot boxes use is uncertain and there is still controversy over the nature of its re...

Many programs exist to prevent bullying and cyberbullying. Nevertheless, despite evidence of the numerous overlapping risks of the Internet, programs that jointly and adequately address large sets of risks are not presently described in the scientific literature. This study’s main objective was to assess the effectiveness of the Safety.net program...

The Internet has brought about a paradigm shift in the lives of many people, especially adolescents. While it has opened great possibilities, it has also led to various risks such as cyberbullying and problematic Internet use (PIU). These two constructs have been extensively researched individually and jointly, but the existence of different profil...

En este estudio se desarrolló un cuestionario para evaluar los abusos offline y online en las relaciones de pareja en adolescentes (victimización y perpetración), así como las razones y reacciones a los abusos. Este cuestionario intenta subsanar algunas de las limitaciones de otros cuestionarios al incluir la evaluación no solo de los actos violent...

There is currently no evidence of the relationship between cyber dating abuse (CDA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially from a longitudinal perspective. The objectives were: a) to analyze the point and period prevalence, incidence, and score changes over time of victimization by CDA; b) to compare HRQoL in the different categorie...

For the Z-Generation, the Internet has become a very important experimentation laboratory for the discovery and validation of their identity. Despite the importance of the process of building the self in the adolescent, there are hardly any validated instruments that measure the self online. The aim of this research was to design and validate the B...

The development of brief and inexpensive interventions that reduce risky behaviors in adolescence constitute a challenge for current research. This study addresses the prevention of two online behavior problems in adolescents (cyberbullying and online grooming). Two pilot studies evaluated the effects of a 1-hour intervention, which combined self-a...

This study was primarily aimed at identifying classes of adolescents in relation to their probability of endorsing several risks associated with the Internet (cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, cyberdating abuse victimization, and perpetration, sexting, and grooming). The second objective was to examine a mediational model linking dispos...

Introduction: Hand hygiene is crucial to prevent cross infection. Healthcare students are in a prime position to learn hand hygiene skills. The aim of this study was to analyze hand hygiene behavioral intentions of healthcare students before and after contact with the patient and to compare the knowledge of and attitude towards hand hygiene betwee...

Purpose Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been analyzed in relation to multiple psychosocial and health problems. However, only a few studies have analyzed the impact of bullying and cyberbullying on HRQoL. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the level of severity of bullying and cyberbullying on HRQoL. The effects of different r...

Nomophobia is a situational phobia leading to a deep, irrational, and disproportionate fear of not being able to use the smartphone. An instrumental study on the Spanish version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was carried out. The objectives were: 1) To analyse its factor structure and reliability; 2) to test for the invariance of sex and a...

Online gaming is a very common form of leisure among adolescents and young people, although its excessive and/or compulsive use is associated with psychological impairments in a minority of gamers. The latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, Section III) tentatively introduced Internet Gaming Diso...

Gambling disorder is of great clinical and social relevance since it seriously affects people who suffer from it. More recently, the Internet has exacerbated the problem with online casinos, poker, and sports betting. However, there is little evidence of this problem, and we know of no diagnostic questionnaire. The main objectives of this study wer...

Bullying is a worrisome reality due to its harmful consequences. Although many constructs have been associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior, its relationship both with loneliness and personality has received little attention. The main objective of this study is to identify differences in bullying victimization and aggressive...

Objetivo. Revisar los estudios que han analizado la relación de bullying/cyberbullying con variables del contexto familiar. Método. Revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo Prisma, de los documentos registrados en las principales bases de datos de psicología, que incluían las palabras clave bullying/cyberbullying y familia/padres, entre 2004 y...

This study created a Spanish triangulated version of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and obtained indicators of its validity and reliability. This new tool allows researchers to triangulate and flexibly investigate the three main roles in school bullying, obtaining seven potential roles (pure victim, pure bully, pure bystan...

The internet has been a breakthrough for adolescents in many ways, but its use can also become dysfunctional and problematic, leading to consequences for personal well-being. The main objective is to analyze profiles related to problematic internet use and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). An analytical and cross-section...

Psychosocial risks can negatively affect adolescents' physical, psychological, and social health. Grounded on the cumulative risk theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) depending on the accumulation of several psychosocial risks (bullying, cyberbullying, cyberdating abuse, sextin...

Resumen Introducción: Las características diferenciales del alumnado de altas capacidades pueden hacerlo vulnerable al acoso. La evidencia empírica sobre violencia escolar y altas capacidades es escasa y aún no explorada en el contexto español. El objetivo principal es conocer la prevalencia del bullying, su distribución en los diferentes roles y l...

The differential characteristics of gifted students can make them vulnerable to cyberbullying. There is very little empirical evidence about cyberbullying and giftedness. In the Spanish context, it is unexplored. The main goal of this work is to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying, its distribution in the different roles, and its relationship...

Design and validation of a questionnaire on the attitudes of health professionals towards the official recommendation of influenza vaccination Background: Actually, there are no studies related to the attitudes of health professionals towards the official recommendation of influenza vaccination, despite the fact that there are numerous investigatio...

Objective: Actually, there are no studies related to the attitudes of health professionals towards the official recommendation of influenza vaccination, despite the fact that there are numerous investigations that have addressed their own attitude towards vaccination. The objective is to design the Questionnaire on the Attitudes of Healthcare Prof...

This study explores the psychometric properties of the Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire (CTQ), which measures and triangulates the roles of cybervictimization, cyberaggression, and cyberbystanding. The study sample was composed of 5,036 Spanish students with a mean age of 14.19 years (SD = AE1.7; range = 10-23 years). Confirmatory factor a...

The advance of digital media has created risks that affect the bio-psycho-social well-being of adolescents. Some of these risks are cyberbullying, cyber dating abuse, sexting, online grooming and problematic Internet use. These risks have been studied individually or through associations of some of them but they have not been explored conjointly. T...

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a well-known construct that refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Its relationship with multiple forms of violence, including bullying, has been widely explored, but this is not the case for cyberbullying. The main objective is to analyze how HRQoL varies depending...

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio transcultural ha sido analizar y comparar las puntuaciones de cibervictimización y ciberagresión, y el uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes de España, Colombia y Uruguay, ya que pese a las semejanzas culturales existentes entre el contexto latinoamericano y español son escasos los estudios empíricos que l...

The objectives of this longitudinal study were to compare salivary cortisol release patterns in medical residents and their self-perceived anxiety levels between a regular working day and a day when on call in the emergency department (ED-duty day) and to determine any differences in cortisol release pattern as a function of years of residency or s...

Bullying victimization in adolescence is a significant social problem that can become persistent over time for some victims. However, there is an overall paucity of research examining the factors that contribute to continued bullying victimization. Schema therapy proposes a model that can help us understand why bullying victimization can be persist...

The goal of this cross-cultural study was to analyze and compare the cybervictimization and cyberaggression scores, and the problematic Internet use between Spain, Colombia and Uruguay. Despite cultural similarities between the Spanish and the South American contexts, there are few empirical studies that have comparatively examined this issue. The...

Estudio descriptivo y transversal con 25.582 alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, Bachillerato y Transición a la Vida Adulta (TVA) del Principado de Asturias sobre acoso, ciberacoso, uso problemático de Internet y Calidad de Vida. Se encuentra evidencia de un 9,3% de victimización tradicional (alumnado que ha sufrido una acción de acoso co...

Objective: To study the stress, the psychosocial risks associated to the job and the burnout, in a group of junior doctors working at the emergency ward; and to analyze what of those variables could predict and are better related with burnout. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 42 junior doctors which are on duty in the emergency ward...

Introduction: Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. People suffering from this anxiety disorder have feelings of stress and nervousness when access to their mobiles or computers is not possible. This work is an adaptation and validation study of the Spanish version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Methodology: The...

Resumen La Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) es un constructo multidimensional que se ha construido como una variable relevante para el estudio de la salud y del bienestar. El ciberacoso es una forma de violencia entre iguales a través de las tecnologías de la comunicación que provoca malestar psicológico entre sus víctimas. El objeti...

Although cyberbullying is associated with different psychological problems, the role of biological markers of stress in cyberbullying has been relatively neglected. The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the profile of cortisol secretion along the day in subjects involved in cyberbullying and 2) to investigate whether the predictive relationshi...

Fundamentos: Las tasas de vacunación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud que realizan prácticas en los contextos hospitalarios son bajas, al igual que en el colectivo sanitario en general, y es necesario explorar sus causas. El objetivo principal fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y las conductas de los estudiantes...

Fundamentos: Las tasas de vacunaci?n en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud que realizan pr?cticas en los contextos hospitalarios son bajas, al igual que en el colectivo sanitario en general, y es necesario explorar sus causas. El objetivo principal fue dise?ar y validar un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y las conductas de los estudiantes...

Resumen La inteligencia emocional es un constructo ampliamente estudiado, pero son pocos los trabajos que se han centrado en su relación con los contextos online. Actualmente, se discute la existencia de un procesamiento emocional diferente entre situaciones donde hay contacto físico y aquellas donde la interacción es virtual. El objetivo de este e...

Emotional intelligence is a widely studied construct, but there are very few works that have related it to online contexts. Nowadays it is argued whether a different emotional process exists for situations in which there is physical contact or virtual interaction. The aim of this study was to design and validate the Internet Emotional Intelligence...

Background: The high emotional burden of physicians working in emergency departments may affect their quality of life perception. Aim: To evaluate health related quality of life among resident physicians performing shifts at an emergency department. Material and Methods: Seventy one physicians aged 26,3 ± 1,7 years (47 women), working as residents...

Background: The high emotional burden of physicians working in emergency departments may affect their quality of life perception. Aim: To evaluate health related quality of life among resident physicians performing shifts at an emergency department. Material and Methods: Seventy one physicians aged 26,3 ± 1,7 years (47 women), working as residents...

Objectives: 1) To design a brief questionnaire based on good practices to assess the patient's perspective on safety in the emergency department; 2) to assess the tool's validity and reliability; and 3) to explore preliminary results. Methods: Questionnaire validation study performed between August 2011 and February 2012. The brief patient safety q...

Abstract Spanish medical graduates who apply for a medical specialty training position (MIR) must take an examination that will shape their future personal and professional lives. Preparation for the test represents an important stressor that persists for several months. The aim of this study was to elucidate the stress pattern of this group and ev...

Objective Valid and reliable instruments to measure aspects of hand hygiene are needed to determine the current situation and impact of training among health professionals. The main objective of this study was to describe the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene among health professionals and to analyze the properties of this instrument.M...

Introduction. The teaching and learning of hand hygiene in the context of health is a complex task. There is little discussion in the literature regarding the student involvement as the leader of his own background. The main objective of this study is the evaluation of a workshop on hand hygiene managed, directed and delivered, under expert supervi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Spanish version of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-ISEL which was built in its original version by Cohen and Wills (1985). The ISEL assesses the perceived availability of four different aspects of social support, in addition to providing a general measure of social suppo...

Introduction. The teaching and learning of hand hygiene in the context of health is a complex task. There is little discussion in the literature regarding the student involvement as the leader of his own background. The main objective of this study is the evaluation of a workshop on hand hygiene managed, directed and delivered, under expert supervi...

Objectives: 1) To describe psychosocial risks, stable disposition to feel stress, and salivary cortisol levels in a sample of emergency physicians in Granada, Spain; 2) to explore bivariate associations between the aforementioned factors; and 3) to analyze the results by gender. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 32 physicians working at the emergen...

Valid and reliable instruments to measure aspects of hand hygiene are needed to determine the current situation and impact of training among health professionals. The main objective of this study was to describe the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene among health professionals and to analyze the properties of this instrument. A question...

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), construido en su versión original por Cohen y Wills (1985). El ISEL evalúa la percepción de disponibilidad de cuatro aspectos diferentes del apoyo social, además de aportar una medida gen...