João Márcio Mendes PereiraFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro | UFRRJ · History
João Márcio Mendes Pereira
Professor
Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of History
About
51
Publications
11,826
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289
Citations
Citations since 2017
Introduction
PhD in History (Federal Fluminense University, UFF), Full Professor of the Contemporary HIstory of Latin America at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) with research interests in the fields of political economy, international development, multilateral financial organizations, contemporary history of Brazil and Latin America.
Education
March 2005 - January 2009
Publications
Publications (51)
The article analyses the political struggles that occurred during the implementation of projects and programmes in Brazil based on marketassisted land reform (MALR), which was conceived by the World Bank as an alternative to the redistributive agrarian reform and carried out by the state through expropriation of land. The article places the MALR wi...
This article analyses the agenda of the World Bank after the Washington Consensus, arguing that it became more encompassing, politicised and intrusive. This agenda expanded and recycled itself since, in addition to liberalisation, privatisation and macroeconomic adjustment, it also advocated the wide-ranging reconstruction of the economy, the relat...
This article analyzes the history of the World Bank during its first fifty years. It is
argued that since its beginnings the Bank has used credit as a lever to expand its influence
and institutionalize economic ideas, concepts of the world, and political prescriptions
in client states. Behind its technical façade, the Bank has always acted, albeit...
This article analyses the actions of the World Bank between 1968 and 1981, under the presidency of Robert McNamara, in the context of the Cold War and the directions of US foreign aid policy. It discusses the reasons for, and the means by which the World Bank led, the ‘assault on poverty’, with an emphasis on rural poverty. It problematizes the the...
The article analyzes the implementation of the World Bank's 'market-assisted land reform' in Colombia and Brazil. It shows that MALR was designed and implemented as a model opposed to redistributive agrarian reform, based on the disappropriation of private lands by the state. It also analyzes the results of MALR in the two countries, arguing that i...
Este artigo analisa as estratégias de assistência do Banco Mundial para o Brasil no período de 1990 a 2020, a fim de evidenciar qual foi a importância estratégica atribuída à austeridade fiscal e às reformas neoliberais, avaliar como o “combate à pobreza” foi acionado como retórica e mecanismo de legitimação da agenda neoliberal, problematizar as r...
With a complex, but ascendant, history of more than seven decades, the World Bank assumed a central place among other agencies created after the Second World War, becoming an influential actor in the design of development policies in sectors and activities much beyond its original mandate. This chapter analyzes its general characteristics, what it...
This paper analyzes the World Bank’s educational agenda for people with disabilities, relating it to the general educational reform guidelines and the political program of the institution. Initially, relevant aspects of World Bank’s history and its institutional configuration, its political program and the educational agenda of the entity are discu...
This paper analyzes the World Bank’s educational agenda for people with disabilities, relating it to the general educational reform guidelines and the political program of the institution. Initially, relevant aspects of World Bank’s history and its institutional configuration, its political program and the educational agenda of the entity are discu...
This article discusses the educational agenda of the World Bank from a historical perspective, asking whether it has undergone any changes due to the outbreak of contamination on a global scale caused by the new coronavirus (Sars-cov2), responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the institution's documentation and taking as a reference the Bra...
Com mais de 75 anos de história, o Banco Mundial tem evidenciado notável capacidade de crescer de maneira incremental, adaptando-se às mudanças da economia política internacional. Este artigo analisa a construção do Banco Mundial como ator político, intelectual e financeiro do desenvolvimento capitalista internacional, discutindo as formas pelas qu...
The article analyzes the implantation of market-assisted land reform (MALR) in Colombia, Brazil, and Guatemala, in the period 1994−2008. Disseminated by the World Bank (WB), MALR was conceived as an alternative model to redistributive agrarian reforms, based on the expropriation of private lands by the state. After contextualizing it in the more ge...
This article briefly analyses the central points of the World Bank's agenda for the reform of national states in Latin America, between 1980 and 2017. The text is based on World Bank documents and specialized literature. Initially some relevant aspects of the history of the World Bank and its configuration as a multilateral organization are present...
This article analyzes the history of the World Bank during its first fifty years. It is argued that since its beginnings the Bank has used credit as a lever to expand its influence and institutionalize economic ideas, concepts of the world, and political prescriptions in client states. Behind its technical façade, the Bank has always acted, albeit...
O artigo analisa a “reforma agrária assistida pelo mercado” (RAAM) do Banco Mundial, abordando a sua racionalidade, a agenda política da qual fez parte e os resultados da sua implantação na África do Sul e no Brasil. Após identificá-la ao processo mais amplo de atualização da agenda neoliberal articulado em meados dos anos 1990, o artigo discute o...
The article analyzes, focusing on Latin America, the World Bank's political agenda, implemented between 1980 and 2014, and based on the (neoliberal) structural adjustment of national economies. It is argued that this agenda has changed over the period, becoming increasingly politicized, comprehensive and intrusive in the involved States. There is e...
O artigo discute como o Banco Mundial vinculou o debate e as práticas de desenvolvimento econômico à ideia de pobreza. Para isso, analisa a história da instituição levando em consideração a economia política internacional em que operou e sua interface com o pensamento econômico. Nele, explica-se quando e como surgiu a política de “assalto à pobreza...
The article analyzes the World Bank's (WB) agriculture and rural development activities (ARD) from its foundation until 2003, with an emphasis on the political dimension. It is concluded that from the 1960s onwards, the WB played a significant role in the formulation, articulation, induction, and catalyzation of transnational and national ARD polic...
O artigo analisa a política de reforma agrária do Brasil no período de 1988 a 2002, problematizando a relação entre Estado e mercado no desenho de tal política. Aborda os marcos legais sobre o tema estabelecidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei Agrária de 1993, bem como a ação dos governos Collor de Mello, Itamar Franco e Fernando Henrique...
This article analyzes the evolution of the political agenda of the World Bank between the years 1989 and 2014, based on documents produced by institution itself, considered from its unique positions as a lender, formulator and articulator of policies and also as a champion of ideas and prescriptions as to what measured should be taken for capitalis...
Este artículo analiza las luchas sociales y políticas que configuraron las relaciones de poder en el campo brasileño en los últimos 50 años, entre 1964 y 2014, cubriendo tanto la dictadura como el régimen democrático. Se enfatizan los procesos organizacionales de los principales actores, las dinámicas de la correlación de fuerzas en la sociedad civ...
The article examines the history of the World Bank from the first negotiations between the United States and Great Britain for the design of a new post-war economic world order until his 50th anniversary. It argues that, despite the technical forefront and in different forms, the Bank has always worked at the interface of international political, e...
Neste texto, discute-se como o Banco Mundial explora a sinergia entre empréstimos e pensamento econômico para ampliar a sua influência e institucionalizar sua pauta de políticas em âmbito internacional. Parte-se da hipótese de que o Banco age, desde as suas origens, ainda que de diferentes formas, como um ator político, intelectual e financeiro, em...
Capitalismo: tierra y poder en América Latina (1982-2012) reúne un balance sobre la situación del agro en 17 países latinoamericanos, con ello se busca continuar el magno esfuerzo realizado hace tres décadas por Pablo González Casanova con su historia de los movimientos campesinos y, al mismo tiempo, se intenta reflejar los efectos del proceso de m...
Capitalismo: tierra y poder en América Latina (1982-2012) reúne un balance sobre la situación del agro en 17 países latinoamericanos, con ello se busca continuar el magno esfuerzo realizado hace tres décadas por Pablo González Casanova con su historia de los movimientos campesinos y, al mismo tiempo, se intenta reflejar los efectos del proceso de m...
Capitalismo: tierra y poder en América Latina (1982-2012) reúne un balance sobre la situación del agro en 17 países latinoamericanos, con ello se busca continuar el magno esfuerzo realizado hace tres décadas por Pablo González Casanova con su historia de los movimientos campesinos y, al mismo tiempo, se intenta reflejar los efectos del proceso de m...
THE WORLD BANK IN THE 1960S
The article discusses the history of the World Bank in the 1960s, linking it with the international economics and American foreign policy. Identifies the organizational profile built in the 1950s, deeply marked by financial dependence on Wall Street, and analyzes a set of international political and economic pressures
th...
Land, power and social struggles in the Brazilian countryside: from coup to the apotheosis of agribusiness (1964-2014)
The article analyzes the social and political struggles that have shaped the power relations in rural Brazil and discusses the main outlines and terms of the agrarian question in the country over the last five decades. The emphasi...
http://www.epsjv.fiocruz.br/index.php?Area=Material&Tipo=8&Num=240
O artigo discute a gestação e operacionalização dos programas de ajustamento estrutural do Banco Mundial ao longo da década de 1980, situando o tema nos marcos das mudanças mais amplas em curso na economia política internacional. O trabalho problematiza a relação entre o Banco Mundial e o seu Estado-membro mais poderoso, os Estados Unidos, mostrand...
The article discusses the administration and operation of World Bank structural adjustment programs during the 1980s, contextualizing the theme in a framework of on-going broader changes in the international political economy. The work questions the relationship between the World Bank and its most powerful member-state, the United States, showing t...
The article evaluates the pilot-project Cédula da Terra, inspired on the “market-assisted land reform” model of the World Bank, implemented since 1994 under various formats in countries marked by deep agrarian problems and strong social tensions in the rural areas, such as Colombia, South Africa, Guatemala and the Philippines. In Brazil, the projec...
Este artigo analisa os embates em torno da concepção da cria-ção e dos primeiros anos de funcionamento do Banco Internacional para Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento (BIRD), mais conhecido como Banco Mundial. Para isso, remonta ao início dos anos 1940, quando começaram as negociações entre os EUA e a Inglaterra em torno da criação da arquitetura monetá...
O texto analisa a luta política em torno da implementação dos programas orientados pelo modelo de reforma agrária de mercado do Banco Mundial no Brasil. Tal modelo foi concebido e exportado pelo Banco Mundial como uma alternativa à reforma agrária baseada na desapropriação de propriedades improdutivas que não cumprem a sua função social. Trata-se,...
Este artículo rastrea la construcción histórica de la idea de “combate a la pobreza” según ha sido defendida por el Banco Mundial. Comienza con un análisis de la introducción y el ascenso institucional de esta idea durante la presidencia en el Banco de Robert McNamara en el periodo 1968–1981. Continua con la discusión de por qué la idea de “combate...
O artigo discute as principais iniciativas da gestão Wolfensohn direcionadas à autorreforma do Banco Mundial e propõe um balanço dos seus resultados. Conclui que a gestão obteve uma vitória política importante ao dividir parte dos críticos do Banco. Suas principais ações, porém, expuseram os limites incontornáveis da autorreforma.
Palavras-chave:...
O artigo analisa a atuação do Banco Mundial durante a gestão de Robert McNamara, situando-a nos marcos da guerra fria e da condução da política externa norte-americana, cada vez mais sujeita à ingerência do Congresso. Discute as razões e os meios pelos quais o Banco Mundial conduziu, a partir de 1968, a consigna do “assalto à pobreza”
e faz um bal...
This article surveys the implementation and results of a pilot project called Cédula da Terra (1997-2002) and its continuity through the National Credit for Land, after 2003, in Brazil. These programs were inspired in a model called "market-assisted land reform", financed by the World Bank and implemented in several countries, particularly in Latin...
Este artigo analisa os embates em torno de projetos socioambientais financiados pelo Banco Mundial desde o início dos anos de 1980. Para isso, volta-se para as relações entre o Banco, o Congresso e o governo norte-americanos e ONGs atuantes nos Estados Unidos. Argumenta-se que o Banco respondeu às pressões externas em matéria socioambiental crescen...
This article discusses the reasons and means through which, in the end of the 1960s, the World Bank launched the motto of "poverty fight". For that, it relates the Bank's acting to external factors, linked to the political disputes of the Cold War and the North American provisions in the development field. The paper shows which instruments the Bank...
The article discusses the propositions of the Meltzer Report for the reform of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. This report came from the work conducted between 1998 and 2000 by a Commission from the North American Congress. Afterwards, it discusses the reply from the American Treasury to those propositions and shows how some of...
The current world bank land policy is discussed under five aspects: the political matrixes that give it support, its intellectual base, the lines of action that it develops, the strategic updates operated through the nineties and, at last, its geographic distribution and financial magnitude. For that, we discuss the structural reforms that subordin...
El presente trabajo discute de qué modo, en el contexto neoliberal, la «reforma del Estado» fue concebida y sigue siendo estimulada por el Banco Mundial. Aborda, inicialmente, la secuencia histórica de las reformas estructurales, enfatizando los contornos generales de las po-líticas de ajuste y de las reformas de «segunda generación» abogadas por e...
Chapters
João Márcio Mendes Pereira / Eric Holt-Giménez / Susana Gauster / Edward Lahiff / Saturnino M. Borras Jr. / João Márcio Mendes Pereira e Sérgio Sauer / Francisco Amaro Gomes de Alencar /
Guiomar Germani, Alicia Ruiz Olalde, Gilca Garcia de Oliveira e Edmilson Carvalho / César Augusto Da Ros / Sérgio Sauer / Peter Rosset
O trabalho analisa a disputa político-ideológica entre o modelo de reforma agrária de mercado (MRAM) do Banco Mundial (BM) e a reforma agrária redistributiva. Argumenta-se que o cerne dessa disputa reside no fato de que esse modelo foi criado para substituir o papel desapropriatório e redistributivo do Estado. Mostra-se que, em todos os países onde...
El artículo analiza la trayectoria política y organizativa del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST), desde su génesis hasta su configuración actual. Hace hincapié en el periodo que va de 1995 a 2002, cuando se da el crecimiento y la proyección política del MST en los ámbitos nacional e internacional mediante la oposición sistemát...
Projects
Project (1)
The principal aim of this project is to investigate the environmental agenda propelled by the World Bank (WB) in Latin America in the period 1992 - 2016, with an emphasis on the cases of Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico, in order to: a) understand what are its theoretical foundations; b) identify how the concepts of the environment and sustainable development were worked with and disseminated by the institution during the period; c) systematizing and analyzing the theory of its policy prescriptions aimed at the forms of property and the use of rural land and water, as well as sources of energy, differentiating the WB’s environmental agenda for each of the three countries; d) identifying and understanding what are the nexuses between the state reform agenda and the macroeconomic adjustment with the environmental agenda preached by the entity; e) analyzing the loan portfolio of the institution in the three states, with the aim of mapping the volume, the types of operation (whether for development or public policy adjustment projects), their purposes (energy generation, reorganization of public regulation agencies, land or water privatization, etc.), and the conditions negotiated with the client states. Thus, the focus of the research consists of the WB agenda and the financial (loans), intellectual (publications and technical assistance), and political means (concrete initiatives) used by the institutions in the three countries, historically the WB’s largest clients in the region and among the ten or fifteen largest on a global scale.
Keywords: World Bank; environmentalization of development; environmental adjustment; green economy; state reform; neoliberalism.
