Joanne Van der Leun

• Professor at Leiden University

Human traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crème of organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it has become increasingly controversial. On the one hand, this debate is fuelled by discussions amongst criminologists on criminal networks, on the other h...

Previous research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why particularly repeat victims are less likely to cooperate with the police. The current study explores why this would be true by conducting in-depth interviews with...

Those who commit labor exploitation. An analysis of the alleged role of organized crime in human trafficking Human traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crème of organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it has become increasingly controversial. On th...

Research suggests that social identity plays an important role in citizens’ views of legal authorities. This article draws on fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews or surveys to examine both officers’ perceptions and the experiences of people that are stopped in the context of border policing in the border areas of the Netherlands....

Monitoring migration or catching criminals? Discretionary decision making in the context of the Mobile Security Monitor The Mobile Security Monitor (MSM) is a form of migration policing in the border areas of the Netherlands, carried out by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (KMar). The MSM has a complex legal and policy framework, merging migratio...

The effect of the police response in a specific case on crime victims’ willingness to cooperate. An experimental vignette study The current vignette experiment among 414 students in the Netherlands explores the effect of the police response on willingness to cooperate and examines whether this relationship is mediated by perceptions of the legitima...

When the internal borders of the Schengen area were no longer supposed to be enforced, concerns about an influx of irregular migrants and an increase in cross-border crime in the Netherlands led to the instalment of the Mobile Security Monitor (MSM), a form of migration policing in the border areas with Belgium and Germany. Since its instalment in...

In this article we examine whether the proposal to criminalize illegal stay in the Netherlands was preceded by increased negative media attention for unauthorized immigrants. Using a corpus linguistics approach, we carried out a quantitative discourse analysis of all newspaper articles on unauthorized migrants over a period of 15 years. Our results...

Internal borders are a major but understudied site of crimmigration as most scholarship has focused on external borders (Van der Woude and Van Berlo, 2015). Internal borders were supposed to disappear under the principle of free movement within the European Union. But today we see EU member states policing the borders inside Schengen, checking iden...

Het voorliggende rapport onderzoekt in opdracht van de Raad voor rechtsbijstand de beleving en ervaringen van ingesloten vreemdelingen in één van de drie vreemdelingendetentiecentra in Nederland, Detentiecentrum (DC) Zeist, ten opzichte van het daar gevestigde Juridisch Loket. Daarnaast wordt bekeken wat de perceptie is van overige betrokken actore...

According to Tyler’s theoretical framework, police officers can motivate cooperation among citizens during direct interactions by using fair procedures and by showing how the police perform their job in combating crime. By conducting a systematic literature review, prior research was examined to see whether perceptions of procedural justice and pol...

When investigating serious violence, studies tend to look primarily at offenders and their background. This study investigates the influence of offenders’ and victims’ criminal history and immediate situational factors on the likelihood that violent events will end lethally. For this purpose, we compare lethal with non-lethal events, and combine Du...

http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/k5jS7knicmhZ946BtAih/full This article describes the development of foreign fighters’ preparatory modes of operation between 2000 and 2013, based on an analysis of 17 closed police investigations and 21 semi-structured interviews with police investigators, public prosecutors, and lawyers. Through the use of groun...

Immigration issues have gained salience at political agendas of governments and in public discourse in most countries of the global North. Public attention for the presence of immigrants and their offspring has mobilized outspoken moral positions over the last 20 years in Europe and the United States. These positions have translated into increasing...

The present article investigates the role of civil society in internal migration control by looking at the exclusion of irregular immigrants within Dutch society. Based on qualitative fieldwork and an inventory of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and their tasks, we have analyzed the bureaucratic field of service provision to irregular immigran...

Limitations and dilemmas of a victim-oriented approach to human trafficking for labour exploitation In their article on the victim orientation in the combat against human trafficking – in particular labour exploitation – Cleiren, Van der Leun and Van Meeteren highlight the limitations of the protection of victims in practice. Based on a brief legal...

Current global concern about troublesome youth groups is indicative of wider societal concern around the issue of youth violence. This study utilizes qualitative interview data to examine the perceptions of two geographically disparate groups of young people involved in streetorientated youth subcultures (i.e., street gangs and crews). In this rega...

Misuse and non-take up of temporary protection measures for victims of human trafficking In line with international and national legislation, the Netherlands offers certain services, including a temporary residence permit, to third country nationals who have fallen prey to human traffickers. Over the years, concerns have been often expressed about...

For a long time the Netherlands has been internationally known for its tolerant and humane environment for first- and second-generation migrants. However, as in many European countries, over the past few decades the political debate on immigration has gradually grown more negative. Links between crime, security, migration, and integration have beco...

Research has shown that irregular migrants were disproportionally present in jihadi networks in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2005. Building on this study by analysing files of closed criminal investigations and interviewing imams and personnel within Asylum Seeker Centres and Detention Centres, this paper explains the attractiveness of jihadi n...

This study focuses on the criminal history of serious violent offenders. Our aim is to determine: (a) to what extent the criminal history of lethally violent offenders differs from nonlethally violent offenders and (b) to what extent one’s criminal history influences the likelihood that violence ends lethally. We use criminal record data of offende...

Fighting crime colourblind? A broader look at selective criminal justice policy, beyond the ethnic profiling discussion By rephrasing and reshaping specific criminal justice and security policies, the Dutch government has been struggling for a while in trying to find its course on how to address crime problems in its multicultural society in a poli...

Thesis (doctoral)--Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 2001.

Current global concern about troublesome youth groups is indicative of wider societal concern around the issue of youth violence. This study utilizes qualitative interview data to examine the perceptions of two geographically disparate groups of young people involved in street-orientated youth subcultures (i.e., street gangs and crews). In this reg...

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Dutch politicians claim that disorder and nuisance in the public domain have grown out of hand in deprived areas and that local inhabitants call for more repression. Recently, new administrative measures were introduced to tackle these issues more effectively, some of which were almost exact copies of British measures like the ASBO. Studies on ASB...

Sommige ernstige geweldsincidenten eindigen met dodelijke afloop, andere niet. Om te onderzoeken welke factoren bij dit verschil in afloop een rol spelen, bestudeerden we op basis van strafdossiers in hoeverre een aantal geselecteerde incidentkenmerken en gedragingen van actoren bijdroeg aan de escalatie van conflicten. Hiertoe zijn 267 ernstige ge...

This study examines to what extent event characteristics and actors’ behaviour contribute to the escalation of an event into a lethal outcome. We examined Dutch court files of 267 events in which offenders were convicted for either lethal violence (i.e. homicide, N = 126) or non-lethal violence (i.e. attempted homicide, N = 141). Pronounced differe...

This country profile gives an overview of the available research on ethnic profiling in the Netherlands until January 2013. As the report shows, this research mostly focuses on citizen's perceptions on ethnic profiling. Although public perception on the functioning of state agents such as the police is very important for their legitimacy and the le...

Nominated for the Stein Rokkan Prize 2013 for Comparative Social Science Research Crimmigration consists of the letter and practice of laws and policies at the intersection of criminal law and immigration law. Crimmigration scholars study the creation of crimmigration laws and policies, their enforcement, and the institutional dynamics that create...

Focusing mainly on the European experience including Eastern Europe, this important volume offers an advanced introduction to immigrant incorporation studies from a historical, empirical and theoretical perspective. Beyond incorporation theories, renowned scholars in the field explore incorporation in action in different fields, policy issues and n...

Human smuggling and exploitation Human trafficking means exploitation; human smuggling is associated with illegal labour and a connection with exploitation is absent. Where a victim of human trafficking can appeal for legal protection, a smuggled migrant (illegally residing or with vulnerable legal status) overall has little rights because of the f...

Both the number of crime suspects without legal status and the number of irregular or undocumented immigrants held in detention facilities increased substantially in theNetherlands between 1997 and 2003. In this period, theDutch state increasingly attempted to exclude irregular immigrants from the formal labour market and public provisions. At the...

Buku ini disusun ke dalam lima bagian. Pada bagian pertama dimuatkan tulisan-tulisan yang secara umum mengulas pemikiran tentang pengembangan prinsip-prinsip rule of law di dalam hukum pidana. Pada bagian kedua akan ditelaah tema-tema khusus hukum pidana materiil. Pada bagian selanjutnya, ketiga, perhatian akan diberikan kepada persoalan-persoalan...

Over the past decades the Netherlands has developed into a culture of control in which criminals and immigrants are mainly seen as ‘dangerous others’. Tying in with this emergence of the culture of control is the development of a more preventive criminal justice system. By means of expanding preventive powers the criminal justice system is more and...

Irregular labour migration to the Netherlands is strongly linked to regular migration flows, such as regular labour migration, family migration, and asylum. Since the early 1990s, Dutch governments have tried to reduce the number of irregular migrants through several laws, regulations, and policies aimed at excluding irregular migrants from welfare...

Research Brief THE NETHERLANDS CLANDESTINO PROJECT OVERVIEW The CLANDESTINO research project is a response to the need for supporting policy mak-ers in designing and implementing appropriate policies regarding undocumented migration. The project aims (a) to provide an inventory of data and estimates on undocumented mi-gration (stocks and flows) in...

This incisive volume combines two important issues in contemporary debates over migration: gender and illegal migration. The authors reconsider migration scholarship through the lens of gender in order to investigate definitions of citizenship and the differences in mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion for men and women. Additionally, through appl...

The topic of this JEMS special issue is how the formation of ethnic niches is gendered. We combine theories on niching with those on gendered labour market segregation and show that there are similarities in the underlying processes and explanations. The interaction between niching and gendered labour market segregation takes place at four points....

International migration processes have drastically changed the face of Dutch society. Following changes in migration patterns, the research on migrants and crime is developing into two distinct lines of research. The postcolonial guest worker migrations from the 1950s and 1960s and subsequent family reunification led to attention to problems of cri...

National immigration controls are no longer carried out solely by specialised ‘gate-keepers’ at external borders. Internal controls have partly shifted to human service workers who have to fence off public services in practice. Little attention in the field of migration studies has gone to the relationship between formal policies and practices of i...

The turn of the century in Europe is marked by social changes that have affected immigration policies. In the Netherlands, internal controls have been tightened in order to curb illegal residence and employment. On the basis of interviews with undocumented workers before and after significant policy changes, shifts in labour market position are obs...

Both the number of crime suspects without legal status and the number of irregular or undocumented immigrants held in detention facilities increased substantially in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2003. In this period, the Dutch state increasingly attempted to exclude irregular immigrants from the formal labour market and public provisions. At th...

In this article illegal immigrants, a relatively new group of immigrants living at the margins of society, are discussed. The question of the significance of crime for groups that are officially excluded from the formal labour market and public provisions, is presented within the framework of the Unknown City research project, conducted in the four...

Many large European cities are now displaying clear social, ethnic and spatial divisions. These different types of cleavages tend to overlap. Governments try to chase away this spectre of an increasingly divided city by embarking on various policies. These policies generally neglect the (potential) role of immigrant entrepreneurs in improving neigh...

Immigrants from non‐industrialized countries have become part and parcel of the social fabric of many advanced urban economies, including those in the Netherlands. A significant number of these migrants opt for setting up shop themselves. Lacking access to large financial resources and mostly lacking in educational qualifications, they are funnelle...

"In this article, we [explore] the relationship between informal economic activities and recent immigrants in the Netherlands.... We will give an overview of important trends on both the demand and the supply side of entrepreneurial activities in the informal economy. We argue that the potential for informal economic activities by immigrants in lar...

Over the past ten years, politicians and the media in North America, Western Europe and Japan have become more concerned with the issue of undocumented immigration (Cornelius et al., 1994; Der Spiegel, 1995; Espenshade, 1995; Groenendijk and Böcker, 1995; Meissner et al., 1993; Morita and Sassen 1994). In most ‘advanced’ societies confronted with g...

Abstract In this article, we have explored the relationship between informal economic activities and recent immigrants in the Netherlands. First, we argue that opportunities for a significant participation of immigrants in informal economic activities have increased after 1980. On the demand side, the scope for informal economic activities has incr...