Joanna Witowska

The Maria Grzegorzewska University · Department of Psychology

Temporal metacognition (TMC) is defined as the ability to consciously self-regulate cognitive focus on the past, the present, and the future by utilizing metacognitive skills, emotions, knowledge, and experience. TMC stems conceptually from the idea of a balanced time perspective — the ability to switch between time horizons — and it builds upon th...

Temporal metacognition (TMC) is defined as the ability to consciously self-regulate cognitive focus on the past, the present, and the future by utilizing metacognitive skills, emotions, knowledge, and experience. TMC stems conceptually from the idea of a balanced time perspective - the ability to switch between time horizons - and it builds upon th...

Virtual environments are typically associated with entertainment and a fast subjective passage of time. This study examined the opposite effect by exposing participants (n = 83) to a virtual reality (VR) waiting room for 7.5 min. We assessed the participants' capacity for emotion regulation and self-control as well as their level of boredom, affect...

The present study examined how time perspective is associated with working memory updating and cognitive switching. Additionally, stress states and mood as potential mediators of the relationship between time perspective and cognitive performance were analysed. During two sessions participants (n = 200) completed a set of questionnaires measuring t...

We examined how the perception of past events might contribute to the understanding of vulnerable narcissism. Across seven samples (NGrand = 1271), we investigated the association between vulnerable narcissism and individual differences in negative view of the past as well as how both were associated with basic personality traits, intrapersonal (i....

Various aspects of psychological time, such as time perspective and time perception, have been studied separately. In the present research, we aimed to integrate these two approaches by examining the link between time perspective and time perception, conceptualized as the subjective passage of time and duration estimation. We also examined the role...

Boredom is an everyday experience during uneventful situations and while waiting. Such situations are typically described as unpleasant since oneself becomes the focus of awareness, and the subjective duration expands. Self-control is an individual trait that helps to cope with unpleasant situations. Hardly any systematic studies exist on real wait...

Previous research has demonstrated the essential role of time perspective (TP) for numerous vital outcomes, such as health, social behaviors, and well-being. Surprisingly, though, to date the association between TP and religiosity has not been systematically investigated. In the present paper, in a series of three studies (a total N > 700), we prov...

The aim of the present studies was to examine the relationship between time perspective and executive control. In two studies, executive control was assessed with tasks that require deliberate inhibition of automatic responses (antisaccade and go/no-go) and time perspective was assessed with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Additionally, in...

Previous research has shown that, among psychiatric patients, empowerment is connected with satisfaction with life. However, assuming the existence of a continuum between health and illness, a similar connection in nonclinical subjects can be expected. Additionally, recent research has shown that time perspective influences life satisfaction. This...

Scientific studies carried out in the field of temporal psychology present a growing number of data suggesting an important role of a balanced temporal perspective in social and emotional adaptation of an individual. The current study attempted to empirically replicate a result suggesting a key role of temperament’s characteristics in the developme...

Zimbardo and Boyd emphasized the “often unconscious” character of time perspective (TP). People are mostly unaware of the almost automatic processes of attention switching between past, present, and future. However, effective intentional TP switching, or striving to increase the “online awareness” of own TP, remains a core component of what is cons...

Introduction: It is observed that the level of return to crime in Poland is slightly increasing and in the period 2009–2014 its rate was about 26%. In connection with this fact, exploring factors associated with the probability of offense is very important. The conducted study focused on personality traits and its aim was to analyze a potential rel...

This study examined the cognitive foundations of the balanced time perspective (BTP) proposed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999). Although BTP is defined as the mental ability to switch effectively between different temporal perspectives, its connection with cognitive functioning has not yet been established. We addressed this by exploring the relationshi...

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Previous investigations showed that there are significant differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In the present study associations between the two types of narcissism, time perspective (TP) and the five factor model of personality were examined. The two forms of narcissism were associated with different TP profiles. Specifically,...