Joanna Hildebrand

• PhD
• University of Wrocław

Dirofilaria repens is an expanding vector-borne zoonotic parasite of canines and other carnivores. Sub-clinically infected dogs constitute the most important reservoir of the parasite and the source of infection for its mosquito vectors. However, occurrence of D. repens infection in wild animals may contribute to the transmission of the parasite to...

Notwithstanding the genus Italobdella has been hypothesized to have doubtful taxonomic value, we decided to update its diagnosis by describing the new species – Italobdella bieleckii sp. n. The leeches were collected from the stony bottom along the shore of the Danube River in Slovakia. In the study, we implemented the model of leech body form and...

Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that primarily infects the gastrointestinal epithelium in humans and domestic and wild animals. The majority of studies have been focused on human, livestock, and pet infections. Hence, Cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife, including wild carnivores, remained neglected. There are several studies rep...

Wild living mesocarnivores, both introduced and native species, are able to adapt well to peri-urban environments, facilitating cross-species pathogen transmission with domestic animals, and potentially humans. Individual tissue samples derived from 284 specimens of six carnivore species, i.e., raccoon, raccoon dog, red fox, European badger, pine m...

Cet article relate la découverte de Piscicola pojmanskae Bielecki, 1994, sangsue nouvelle pour la faune de France, dans cinq stations d’inventaires hydrobiologiques situées dans les départements des DeuxSèvres, de Loire-Atlantique, du Maine-et-Loire et de la Mayenne. Les déterminations s’appuient sur les caractères morphologiques et anatomiques. P...

Species of Cotylurus Szidat, 1928 (Diplostomoidea: Strigeidae) are highly specialized digeneans that parasitize the gastrointestinal tract and bursa of Fabricius of water and wading birds. They have a three-host life cycle; the role of first intermediate host is played by pulmonate snails, while a wide range of water snails (both pulmonate and pros...

Background The raccoon Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora; Procyonidae) is one of the most important and most intensively studied invasive mammal species in Europe. Within the last 30 years the raccoon has spread at an increasing rate, resulting in the establishment of local populations in various regions of Europe. In these newly colonised...

In recent decades, populations of the raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) and the raccoon dog ( Nyctereutes procyonides ) have increased and adapted to peri-urban and urban environments in many parts of the world. Their ability to rapidly colonize new territories, high plasticity and behavioral adaptation has enabled these two species to be considered two of...

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were introduced to Europe and, in the past decades, their populations have increased and adapted to synanthropic environments across Europe. In view of their possible further spread in Europe, the invasive species should be examined as potential reservoirs for helminths, inc...

Information on the prevalence on Rickettsia spp. in free-ranging mustelids and their specific ectoparasites is scarce. However, stone martens (Martes foina), pine martens (Martes martes) and European badgers (Meles meles) are common predators in many regions of Poland. In the present study we used tissue fragments to determine Rickettsia prevalence...

• Four events of Placobdella costata sucking human blood are described. • Human blood was sucked by both adult and juvenile specimens of P. costata. • The feeding strategies of juveniles under parental care are presented. • New data on juvenile specimens' body form are presented. • Information on the potential role of mammals in dispersion and habi...

Wild carnivores, both introduced and native species, are able to adapt well to peri-urban environments, facilitating cross-species pathogen transmission with domestic animals, and potentially humans. The role of wild living reservoir hosts cannot be ignored because of their known carriage of E. bieneusi zoonotic genotypes. In the past decades, popu...

Activities of nineteen hydrolases were measured in the digestive systems of predatory and blood-feeding true leeches (Hirudinida) and their closest relatives, Branchiobdellida and Acanthobdellida. Hydrolase activities were analyzed in different parts of the digestive systems: the species-specific anterior part, i.e. jaws, pharynx or proboscis, crop...

Background Leeches (Hirudinida) play a significant role as intermediate hosts in the circulation of trematodes in the aquatic environment. However, species richness and the molecular diversity and phylogeny of larval stages of strigeid trematodes (tetracotyle) occurring in this group of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we repor...

1. In our paper four events of blood sucking on human by Placobdella costata were described. 2. Human blood was sucked by both adults and juvenile specimens of P. costata. 3. The feeding strategies of juveniles under parental care are presented. 4. New data of juvenile specimens body form are presented. 5. Information on the potential role of mamma...

Background Leeches (Hirudinida) play a significant role as intermediate hosts in the circulation of trematodes in the aquatic environment. However, the species richness, molecular diversity and phylogeny of larval stages of Strigeidae trematodes (tetracotyle) occurring in this group of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly understood. In the present...

Purpose Heterakidosis is a common parasitic infection caused in domestic birds by Heterakis species: Heterakis gallinarum, H. isolonche, and H. dispar. Among them, the best described species is H. gallinarum, noted mainly in gallinaceous birds. In waterfowl, H. dispar is the predominant species. The variations in morphology and host specificity qua...

Results section, 3rd paragraph: in the 4th enumeration the explanation is missing.

Background We describe a new dicrocoeliid collected from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens in Bulgaria based on the combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Results Pojmanskatrema balcanica n. sp., n. gen. is distinguished from all other species of family Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1900 in having a postovarian vitellarium...

Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 is one of the largest genera of the Dicrocoeliidae and is one of the best examples of the systematic complexity and taxonomic instability within this family. We present the molecular analyses based on novel sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes obtained from 56 isolates of adult flukes and larval stages of dicrocoelii...

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis sensu stricto became an emerging disease of dogs across Europe calling for attention also in countries where it was an only rare imported disease. An easy accessibility of molecular methods and the growing amount of sequencing data led to the description of intraspecific variability in 18S rDNA sequences de...

The Dicrocoeliidae is a highly diverse family of digeneans parasitic in amniotic tetrapods. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids is lacking and only a few dicrocoeliids from mammals have been included in previous studies. Sequence data were previously absent for the Anenterotrematidae that shares several morphological character...

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) belong to a group of the invasive species. The introduced species as potential reservoirs for vector-borne pathogens have been the subject of recent research, though there are still no data with reference to the European population of the raccoon, and few studies concern onl...

Calodium hepaticum is a parasitic nematode found primarily in rodents but known to infect numerous other mammal species, and causing in humans the hepatic calodiasis. Herein, we present the first finding of C. hepaticum in Rattus norvegicus in Poland. In this study, we have used the combined pepsin-HCl digestion and molecular techniques to detect C...

Background Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria. They are transmitted via arthropod vectors, which transmit the bacteria between animals and occasionally to humans. So far, much research has been conducted to indicate reservoir hosts for these microorganisms, but our knowledge is still non-exhaustive. Therefore, this survey w...

Background There are no available studies describing the possible resistance of strongyles to ivermectin in horses in Poland. One hundred seventy three horses from nine stud farms from South-Western Poland were studied. The effectiveness of ivermectin was studied on the 14th day after ivermectin administration using the fecal egg count reduction te...

Microsporidia are opportunistic pathogens in nature infecting all animal phyla. There is a potential risk of microsporidian spores transmission from urban rooks inhabiting some metropolitan cities to people through casual interactions. The aim of this study was to identify microsporidia species in the droppings of rooks in Wroclaw, Poland. A total...

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) carnivore native to North America is a fast spreading, invasive species in the Europe now. At the moment, the highest population occupies areas near the German-Polish border. The data on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and microsporidia in raccoons is limited to North America’s territory and is totally lacking in...

The genus Brachylecithum was for the first time subject to molecular taxonomic phylogenetic analysis in order to ascertain relationships among its component taxa. We used two markers-the nuclear ribosomal 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and the mitochondrial cox1 gene, for six species of the genus; 11 sequences of partial 28S rDNA and partial cox1 we...

Diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild small rodent populations still remains incomplete and only few molecular studies have been conducted among these hosts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether small rodents, i.e., Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Mus musculus and Myodes glareolus act as hosts of E. bi...

Background: Echinostomes are cosmopolitan digenean parasites which infect many different warm-blooded hosts. Their classification is extremely confused; the host spectrum is wide, and morphological similarities often result in misidentification. During our long-term studies on the helminth fauna of rodents and carnivores we have collected 27 colla...

Lyperosomum sarothrurae Baer, 1959 is a rare dicrocoeliid described based on a single specimen from Belgian Congo, now Democratic Republic of the Congo, and never reported again. The original description lacked several important details of the species morphology. This work provides morphological redescription of Lyp. sarothrurae based on specimens...

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Parasitic infections are widespread among exotic lizards and cause serious problems in both private captive breeding and trade networks. Among 168 lizards obtained from captive breeding (Zoological Garden in Wroclaw and private owners) and trade (pet shops and wholesale) the total prevalence of endoparasites was 42.35 %. We detected species of Prot...

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. have been detected in a range of host species, including rodents. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of these pathogens and recognition of the reservoir role of rodents in the maintenance of these pathogens in south-western Poland. Additionally, preliminary molecular studies were conducted...

Heligmosomoides americanus is shown by molecular phylogenetic analysis of 3 nuclear (28S, ITS1, and ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b) loci to be a distinct species of heligmosomid nematode with a long-independent evolutionary history, and not a subspecies of Heligmosomoides polygyrus . Rather than being a recent arri...

Background: Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a widespread gastro-intestinal nematode infecting wild Apodemus (wood mice) throughout Europe. Using molecular and morphological evidence, we review the status of Heligmosomoides from Apodemus agrarius in Poland previously considered to be an outlying clade of H. polygyrus, to further resolve the status of...

Background Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a widespread gastro-intestinal nematode infecting wild Apodemus (wood mice) throughout Europe. Using molecular and morphological evidence, we review the status of Heligmosomoides from Apodemus agrarius in Poland previously considered to be an outlying clade of H. polygyrus, to further resolve the status of th...

Green Frogs (genus Pelophylax) and Brown Frogs (genus Rana) differ because of behavioral reasons. Green Frogs in the adult stage are associated strongly with aquatic environment, and the Brown Frogs, apart from reproduction, spend most of their lives in the terrestrial environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the helminth fauna of thes...

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The cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus affects the domestic cats and other felids all over the world. Feline aelurostrongylosis is of importance in clinical feline medicine. Snails and slugs are the intermediate hosts, but the cat is probably infected by eating paratenic hosts, e.g., rodents, birds, amphibians and reptiles. Herein we present t...

Blood samples from Apodemus agrarius from Poland yielded PCR-amplicons of Bartonella species. These included B. grahamii, B. taylorii and B. birtlesii, as is typical of European Apodemus, as well as B. elizabethae-like forms and a recombinant strain of B. taylorii, most closely related to an american isolate from Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.

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Ascarididae nematodes of genera Toxocara and Toxascaris are of significant epizootic relevance among predatory mammals from families Canidae and Felidae. Localization of these nematodes in the definitive hosts, their morphology, as well as the measurements of eggs and adult worms are similar. Recently, molecular techniques have provided alternative...

Genus Mesocestoides is a representative of the small cyclophyllidean family Mesocestoididae that is found parasitizing the small intestine of carnivores. The life cycle of cestodes from this genus is complex and requires two intermediate hosts. Cysticercoids are produced in the first intermediate host (oribatid mites), which when eaten by the secon...

Opisthorchid digenean Pseudamphistomum truncatum (Rudolphi, 1819) was isolated from liver bile ducts of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) found dead in the fishing pond complex near Wrocław (Lower Silesia, SW. Poland) in March 2009. Since this is the first record of the parasite in the otter from Poland, the description, biometrical data and figure...

Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 is a typical and widespread parasite of Rattus sp. Recently published reports on its presence in rodents other than rats and house mice (e.g. Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis) may suggest acquisition of new host or the existence of two distinct species parasitising within the subfamily Murinae in Europe. The fi...

In present paper we supplement and summarize morphological data and taxonomical status of Rodentoxyuris sciuri - a parasite of red squirrel for the first time reported from Poland. Based on molecular data, we made an attempt to find the phylogenetic position of this nematode. Eight individual of squirrels collected from different parts of the city...

Due to their specific biology and behaviour, rodents could play a role as an intermediate, definitive or paratenic host for many helminth species, as well as for species of zoonotic significance such as Toxocara spp. or Echinococcus multilocularis. The aim of our preliminary study was to investigate the nematode fauna of rodents collected from recr...

Trematodes of the class Digenea are parasites with complex life cycles and often use small mammals as definitive hosts; however, they are usually not highly prevalent in this group of mammals. In our work the patterns of occurrence of digeneans parasitizing small mammals were analyzed. The surveys were conducted at four locations, i.e., irrigation...

A nematode Dentostomella translucida was found during parasitological examination of a pet Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus. Gerbils in the wild are known as hosts of this parasite in Asia, pet gerbils — in the USA and Brazil. Our record is the first in Europe. Complete descriptions of male and female individuals are given.

Nematodes, which are the most diverse group of helminths in many aspects, constitute a good model for analysis of specificity. Among this group, we found monoxenous and stenoxenous species with a limited range of hosts and also oligoxenous and polyxenous species with a wide range of hosts. Order Oxyurida is represented mainly by monoxenous and sten...

The parasite fauna of rodents was studied in the Wrocław area from 2001 to 2005. The first location was irrigation fields (Wrocław Osobowice), the second--a water distribution area (Wrocław Mokry Dwór). Helminthological material was collected during parasitological examination of 447 specimens of wildlife rodents (belonging to 7 species of Muridae)...

The main source of many zoonoses is soil contaminated with feline and canine faeces. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of soil contamination with geohelminth eggs in the area of Wrocław. Within 2006-2007 a total of 185 soil samples (parks, backyards, playgrounds and city squares) from area were collected and then examined using flotat...

Three male specimens of the eyeworm, Oxyspirura chabaudi, were found during the post mortem examination of one individual of Turdus merula L. (Passeriformes). This is the first record of Turdus merula as a host for O. chabaudi.

A new dicrocoeliid trematode, Brachylecithum glareoli n. sp., is described from the biliary ducts of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, in southwest Poland. This is the first dicrocoeliid species described in rodents from Poland. It is characterized mainly by the maximum body width at the level of the vitellaria; large, longitudinally oval tes...

During the parasitological examination of wild rodents from the vicinity of Wrocław a single whipworm female was isolated from a field vole Microtus agrestis. The nematode was determined as Trichuris arvicolae. This is the first report of this parasite in Poland.

During the parasitological examination of wild rodents from Wroclaw vicinity 11 female nematodes were isolated from the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus). The helminths were determined as Syphacia vanderbrueli. This is the first report of this parasite in Poland. Complete descriptions of the female individuals are given.

Rodents, as mice and rats are the most common laboratory animals used in research and testing. They are seldom investigated for autochthonous ecto- and endoparasites prior their utilization in the experiments. Helminth parasites can alter the interpretation of final results. Pinworms commonly infecting laboratory rodents include mainly the mice pin...

Estimation data show that the nematodes are one of the most numerous and diverse phyllum of animals on earth. The number of nematode species is estimated as 26,646 including 15,965 parasitic species. Some new species of parasites are still recorded. For example in 2004 a new whipworm, Trichuris feliui, Trichuridae from Talpa europea was described....

Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis. This review presents data from Europe and Poland on the prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The most common nematodes were geohelminths: Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina. As concerning Trichinella genus T. br...

Seventeen helminth species were found in rodents of the species Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis, from irrigation fields (Wrocław, Osobowice) and water distribution area (Wrocław, Mokry Dwór). The total prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Dominant species were: Heterakis spumosa in Apodemus agrarius; Heilgmosomoides polygyrus, Trichuris muris in...

The paper presents a survey of nematodes found in 49 rodents of 4 species from 17 localities of the Jelenia Góra district (SW Poland). The following parasites were found: Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Dujardin, 1845) Boulanger, 1922; Heligmosomoides glareoli Baylis, 1928; Heligmosomum mixtum Schulz, 1929; Heligmosomoides sp.; Heligmosomidae gen. sp.;...

Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893)--commonly known as Capillaria hepatica is a nematode parasitising in liver of rodents, some domestic and wild mammals: Insectivora, Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Primates including human as well. C. hepaticum is the only nematode--geohelminth, which for the continuity of the life cycle needs the death of the host b...