Joachim Raese

Behavioral Health 2000 · www.behavioralhealth2000.com

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a common underdiagnosed condition among psychiatric patients exacerbated by second-generation antipsychotics, with the exception of aripiprazole and ziprasidone. This study evaluated the prescribing and treating behavior with regard to antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome of psychiatrists before and after implement...

Assess psychiatrists' response to notification of MS Monitor acute changes in metabolic profile of patients continued on SGAs. Data Conclusion Psychiatrists seldom test for metabolic syndrome When they make the diagnosis, they don't change antipsychotic therapy and don't treat metabolic syndrome components.

The case reported here presents the impact of progressive sensory deprivation occurring over a time period of a few months leading to increasing distortions and culminating in an almost complete cessation of sensory (auditory and visual) input. This scenario may be understood in the emerging Bayesian model of psychosis [41], which postulates that a...

The purpose of this review is to clarify and demystify a set of ideas and assumptions, which pervade the field of psychiatry and cause confusion and unfortunate consequences for the practice and teaching of psychiatry. These crystalize in the so-called mind/body problem or mind/body dualism. Mind/Body dualism has adverse consequences for psychiatry...

We used 133Xe dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (DSPECT) to measure the resting cerebellar blood flow in 17 neuroleptic-free schizophrenic and schizophreniform patients and 13 normal control subjects. A subset of these subjects (11 patients and 7 control subjects) additionally underwent activation studies during the Wisconsin Card...

Schizophrenic patients with an early age at onset of illness had low baseline levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) in serum compared with schizophrenic patients with a late age at onset. After adjustments were made for age at onset, there was a significant partial correlation between positive symptoms and serum HVA. The relationship between positive s...

The urinary excretion of tyramine-O-sulfate following an oral load of tyramine (Tyramine Challenge Test, 'TCT') was measured in a group of fourteen inpatients with unipolar and bipolar major depressive episode. TCT was done both during a pretreatment baseline period and following four weeks of treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. The change in...

Levels of heat-shock 70 mRNAs, relative to those of 18S rRNA, were quantitated in specific cell types of hippocampus of adult and aged rats subjected to identical heat shock regimens. Body temperature changes in response to the heat stress were no different in adult and aged rats. In control rats, as well as 3 h after initiation of heat shock in bo...

1.1.|Heat-shock increased synthesis of 99 polypeptides in MD canine kidney (MDCK) cell fibroblasts, including fourteen 40 kDa, eight 70 kDa and four 90 kDa polypeptides.2.2.|Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) enhanced the synthesis of 15 of these same heat-shock proteins (HSPs), including four 40 kDa but no 90 kDa polypeptides.

1.1.|Heat-shock increased synthesis of 40 polypeptides in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts.2.2.|Six of these same heat-shock proteins (HSPs) exhibited ⩾ 20-fold increased accumulation in HEL cells following infection with type 1 Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1).3.3.|Accumulation of HSV-1-induced HSPs coincided with synthesis of early immediate vi...

The expression of strictly inducible hsp70 mRNAs and constitutively expressed hsc70 mRNAs was compared in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of control rats, heat-shocked rats, and rats made hyperthermic with amphetamine. An hsc70-specific oligonucleotide probe identified a 2.55-kb mRNA in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of all rats. An hsp70-specific o...

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed in 40 chronic male schizophrenic patients (20 medicated, 20 unmedicated) and 31 matched normal controls with Dynamic Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (D-SPECT). Blind analyses of normalized color-coded tomograms revealed significant bifrontal and bitemporal rCBF deficits in the patient grou...

Regional cerebral function and blood flow can be imaged using isopropyl[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP), or 133Xe (DSPECT), respectively. Both of these essentially non-invasive, quantitative, methods are suitable for many nuclear medicine laboratories. This study assessed the in vivo information about intracerebral disease provided by IMP and DSPECT tec...

Chronic administration of cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP, every 12 hours for 10 consecutive days) produced a large decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase staining axons and terminal boutons in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in rats. This treatment also produced a depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area of the mid...

Long-term treatment of rats with methamphetamine (20 mg/kg, IP, every 12 hours for 10 days) resulted in a large decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase staining axons and terminal boutons in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, as well as the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, when examined 60 days following termination of the drug treatment reg...

Chronic administration of cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p., every 12 h for 10 consecutive days) produced a large decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase-staining axons and terminal boutons in the caudate nucleus in rats when examined 60 days after the final cocaine injection. This effect was quantitated using the Leitz data acquisition and display system (DADS) wh...

A growing literature describes the structure and regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic heat shock genes. We here report the isolation of several members of a human heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) multigene family which contains at least 10 different genes and/or pseudogenes exhibiting sequence homology to the hsp70 gene of Drosophila melanogaster...

Chronic administration of methamphetamine (20 mg/kg, IP, every 12 hours for 10 days) produced a large decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase staining axons and terminal boutons in the caudate nucleus in rats when examined 60 days following the final methamphetamine injection. This effect was quantitated using the Leitz Data Acquisition and Display System...

Using immunohistochemical methods with antibodies specific to tyrosine hydroxylase, we examined the distribution of dopaminergic cells in the dorsal and median raphe nucleus of the rat brain. Although dopamine-containing cell bodies were previously thought to be almost exclusively confined to the substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental ar...

We have studied the distribution of catecholamine-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of 8 normal adult human brains, using Schmorl's stain for melanin and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH immunoreactive perikarya were found in the wall of the third ventricle, in the areas in which dopaminergic neuroendocrine neuron...

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of 133-Xe washout in 29 normal volunteers, 22 unipolar endogenous depressives (UPE), 9 unipolar nonendogenous depressives (UPNE), 13 bipolar depressed patients (BPD), and 14 schizophrenic patients (SCHZ). RCBF was measured 2 and 6 cm above and par...

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was purified from bovine brain and enzymatically phosphorylated in vitro. Radioactively phosphorylated TH was dephosphorylated by rat tissue extracts. Of tissues examined, rat corpus striatal extracts were highest in specific activity in the TH dephosphorylating assay. Phosphorylated histone did not inhibit dephosphorylati...

mRNA for dopamine beta-hydroxylase [3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1] has been partially purified from poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Shared antigenic determinants between tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase allowed us to obtain enriched f...

The opioid peptides have been related to behavior in both animal and human studies. Further investigation can be anticipated which could lead to the elucidation of genetic controls over enzymes which process these peptides and the receptors upon which the peptides act. The enzymes, both synthetic and degradative, can lead to the formation of differ...

Mathematical modeling of experimentally observed parameters of dopaminergic neuronal activity suggests the occurrence of multiple equilibrium states in neurons characterized by certain precisely defined properties of the tyrosine hydroxylating system. These equilibria may become unstable under certain conditions and transitions between multiple sta...

A pigmented tumor fraction, designated IB-9, obtained following cellular dissociation and elutriation procedures applied to the solid transplants of the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma cell line, was characterized enzymatically and by immunofluorescence for the presence of tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Enzymatic assays of the pigmented tumors w...

Tyrosine hydroxylase [L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.16.2](TH) was purified from bovine corpus striatum. The purification involved sequential DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite and CM Sephadex C-50 chromatography, followed by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. Final preparations appeared to be...

Tyrosine hydroxylase was purified from bovine corpus striatum. The native enzyme had a half-life of 15 +/- 3 min at 50 degrees C. Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase with protein kinase purified from both corpus striatum and heart activated the enzyme, but activity was rapidly lost with additional preincubation of the enzyme at 30 degrees C. Th...

Tyrosine hydroxylase [L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.16.2] catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of catecholamine biosynthesis (Nagatsu et al., 1964; Levitt et al., 1965). Since its discovery (Nagatsu et al., 1964), Tittle progress has been made in the characterization of the molecular propert...

Dopamine has been implicated indirectly in schizophrenia. Antipsychotics bind to dopamine receptors and their binding affinities correlate well with their clinical antipsychotic efficacy (Snyder et al., 1975). Amphetamine can worsen pre-existing schizophrenic symptoms or cause a paranoid psychosis in humans (Angrist and Sathananthan, 1974). Unfortu...

Pituitary slices incubated with H332PO4 yielded phosphorylated peptides which were analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Several phosphorylated peptides were apparent; one was identified as β-lipotropin (LPH) by comigration and peptide mapping. Incubation of adult and neonate brain slices yielded differe...

The biologically active peptides human β-endorphin and corticotropin as well as the β-endorphin precursor β-lipotropin could be phosphorylated by either the purified catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or a cyclic nucleotide-independent kinase partially purified from rat brain. Parathyroid hormone and secretin served also as su...

Tyrosine hydroxylase has been purified from bovine striatum to apparent homogeneity as judged by electrophoresis under dissociating conditions. Incubation of the enzyme with an adenosine 3′:5′-mono-phosphate-independent protein kinase, highly purified from rat brain, and [γ-32p]ATP Mg++ resulted in phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine hydroxy...

Tyrosine hydroxylase was purified from bovine striatum. The preparation yielded a single band upon electrophoresis under dissociating conditions in acid-urea polyacrylamide gels. Incubation of the purified enzyme with homogeneous catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase produced an activation of tyrosine hydroxylase characterized by...

Lysolecithin and phosphatidylserine stimulate rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase, partially purified from the crude synaptosomal fraction. The stimulatory effect is associated with a 3- to 4-fold decrease in Km for 6-methyl-tetrahydropterin or tetrahydrobiopterin without an alteration in the Km for l-tyrosine or in the Vmax. In addition, the Ki for...

Rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase is stimulated in vitro by various phospholipids. This stimulation was produced by a 3- to 4-fold increase in affinity for pteridine cofactor. No change in the Km for tyrosine was observed, The sedimentation pattern of tyrosine hydroxylase on linear sucrose gradients showed no indication of enzyme dissociation in th...

The kinetics of the transport of homovanillic acid (HVA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to urine were studied in mongrel dogs following intracisternal or intraventricular injection of ³H-HVA. Equations for the SA curves (specific activity as fraction of dose) in the cisterna magna were predicted for both routes of tracer administration. The coeffic...

A single dose of oestradiol stimulates proliferative activity in the endometrium of castrated rats. This was tested autoradiographically by measuring 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation and by determining the mitotic index. Administration of gestagens simultaneously or at different time intervals after oestradiol treatment (early G1 or early...