J.J. Lopez

Public University of Navarre | UPNA · Department of Projects and Rural Engineering

Three instantaneous unit hydrographs (IUH) are represented by three probability distribution functions deduced from an expression of the beta function, which depends on three parameters. The three IUHs presented, dependent on two parameters, were obtained by particularizing one of three parameters of the proposed beta function for three different v...

This article describes and formulates a model designed to simulate runoff in wet weather events, called reservoir rainfall–runoff geomorphological model (R3GeM). In these wetlands, soil saturation is the main mechanism for the generation of surface runoff. To determine the saturated areas, the model applies a relationship based on the topographic i...

The model presented in the complementary document entitled, Reservoir rainfall‐runoff geomorphological model I: parameter application and analysis is analysed, calibrated and validated in this paper. The accuracy of simulated hydrographs is analysed by means of the efficiency defined by Nash and Sutcliffe. The sensitivity of the influence of five p...

Evapotranspiration, as a major component of the hydrological cycle, is of importance for water resources management and development, as well as for estimating the water budget of irrigation schemes. This study presents a Gene Expression Programming (GEP) approach, for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in four weather stations in B...

In this work, optical fiber Bragg grating sensors were used to measure water velocity and examine how it was distributed in open channels. Several types of coatings were incorporated into the design of the sensors to examine their effects on the strain that the fibers experienced as a result of the water flow. Due to their low elastic coefficient,...

In this work, optical Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to measure water flow in pipes. Several types of coatings were incorporated into the design of the sensors to examine their effects on the elastic strain that the fiber underwent as a result of the water flow. ANSYS-CFX V2020 R2 software was used to model the elastic strain encounter...

In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out on changes in the temperature and precipitation regimes and in the frequency of the extreme events that are a result of climate change. While there is evidence of an increase in temperature at a global level, this globality does not seem to occur with precipitation. The Igeldo weather station...

In this contribution, a method for quasi-distributed humidity sensing was demonstrated for moisture-front monitoring in soils by using polyimide coated optical array of FBG.

A water flow and velocity fiber optic sensor system was developed and tested. The sensing head was especially developed and ruggedized to measure velocities at different depths, in order to calculate the discharge in channels.

A worldwide increase in flooding due to climate change and population growth in exposed areas is expected, especially in coastal areas; therefore, nature-based solutions (NBS) for risk reduction are necessary to increase the resilience of cities, particularly in developing countries, which usually lack large budgets for structural measures but have...

This article exposes, through the case study of the IFEMA Trade Fair and Exhibition Centre in Madrid (Spain), the benefits of using a multi-utility tunnels (MUTs) system as a smart and sustainable solution for the distribution of utility networks in buildings, or in complexes made up of several buildings, to enable their quick and continuous adapta...

In this contribution, high spatial resolution distributed humidity sensing was demonstrated for moisture-front monitoring in soils by using polyimide coated optical fiber.

The increase in urban runoff brought about by a rise in impermeable surfaces has triggered the alteration and pollution of many aquatic systems. The overall goal of this research was to design a ‘Sustainable Urban Drainage System’ (SUDS) for the retention of heavy metals from a car park consisting of mixing autochthonous soil (70%) with sand (30%)...

Las inundaciones fluviales son un problema creciente en zonas costeras debido a las profundas transformaciones ambientales que tienen lugar desde mediados del siglo XX. En cuencas costeras de la región mediterránea de Chile (32°-38° S) los esfuerzos para mitigar los procesos de inundación se han centrado en medidas estructurales. La presente invest...

Nowadays, there are many cities that have chosen to build urban utility tunnels (UUTs) in new urban enlargements to house and order the large number of utility networks that should be located in the subsoil. UUTs are a smart and sustainable solution for the future because, in spite of its high initial cost in comparison with the traditional burial...

La determinación de la ley de frecuencias de precipitaciones resulta imprescindible para el diseño de diferentes infraestructuras hidráulicas así como para el análisis y determinación de zonas inundables. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los cuantiles de las precipitaciones diarias extremas en el territorio de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra...

Two variants of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph model based on a Geomorphological association of linear Reservoirs (IUHGR), incorporating the Spatial Variability of Rainfall (SVR), have been developed. The proposed models are based on the Geomorphological Reservoirs (GR) scheme consisting of a cascade of linear reservoirs aggregating sub-watershe...

p class="Resumen">Las curvas de intensidad-duración-frecuencia (IDF) son una herramienta fundamental en ingeniería hidrológica. Se ha partido de la serie de precipitación de 88 años registrada cada diez minutos en la estación meteorológica de Igueldo (San Sebastián). Después de aplicar varios test para comprobar la homogeneidad y la no estacionarie...

A discrete sensor based on a SnO2-FP (Fabry-Pérot) cavity is presented and characterized in real soil conditions. Results are compared, for the first time to our knowledge, with a commercial capacitive sensor and gravimetric measurements.

Soil moisture content has always been an important parameter to control because it is a deterministic factor for site-specific irrigation, seeding, transplanting, and compaction detection. In this work, a discrete sensor that is based on a SnO2–FP (Fabry-Pérot) cavity is presented and characterized in real soil conditions. As far as authors know, i...

Irrigation advice is usually based on the optimization of crop yield, which sometimes does not meet the objective of economic optimization. In some regions, the information provided by irrigation scheduling schemes based on crop production optimization is not completely reliable if there are economic or environmental constraints. The objective of t...

A conceptual insytnataneous unit hydrograph (IUH) based on geomorphologival association of linear reservoirs (GR) previously developed by the authors has been compared with other IUH models: a distributed GR variation (GR(v)), the Nash IUH, the Chutha and Dooge IUH, and the Troutman and Karlinger IUH for the analysis of direct runoff hydrographs re...

The correct observation/estimation of surface incoming solar radiation (RS) is very important for many agricultural, meteorological and hydrological related applications. While most weather stations are provided with sensors for air temperature detection, the presence of sensors necessary for the detection of solar radiation is not so habitual and...

This work presents and evaluates a new hydrological model, R3GeM, for the simulation of rain-runoff events in wet areas. This hydrological model divides the precipitation into different components: surface runoff due to saturation, subsurface runoff and losses, and carries out the circulation of the surface and subsurface runoff. For the estimation...

This work was carried out in north of Spain. San Sebastian A meteorological station, where there are available precipitation records every ten minutes was selected. Precipitation data covers from October of 1927 to September of 1997. Pulse models describe the temporal process of rainfall as a succession of rainy cells, main storm, whose origins are...

Pamplona is a citty that is crossed by the river Arga along a floodplain, which is susceptible to flooding when there are floods of certain magnitude. In this situation it is important to have a hydrological model able to simulate the flows that runs through the city centre, from the data of different gauges in the watershed, which serve to feed hy...

An experimental watershed (Oskotz principal– Op –ca.1700 ha) covered with forest and pasture (cattle-breeding) with an equally experimental sub-watershed (Oskotz woodland – Ow – ca. 500 ha) almost entirely under forest was continuously monitored during 8 years (2001–2008). These watersheds were established by the Government of Navarre (Spain) in or...

El objetivo de este articulo es la caracterizacion de las variables que definen la secuencia temporal de la lluvia (duracion del evento de lluvia, duracion del evento de no-lluvia, intensidad media de lluvia en el evento de lluvia, y distribucion temporal de la cantidad de lluvia dentro del evento de lluvia) en un clima humedo como es el de la zona...

Information about the parameters defining water resources availability is a key factor in their management. Reference evapotranspiration (ET(0)) prediction is fundamental in planning, design, and management of water resource systems for irrigation. The application of time series analysis methodologies, which allow evapotranspiration prediction, is...

Hydrograph generation at a point in the drainage network, as a watershed response to a rainfall event, is a complex process that depends on watershed and storm characteristics. Among the available methods for hydrologic design, the unit hydrograph (UH) is one of those most widely used. It is a conceptual model which assumes the linear systems theor...

Two experimental watersheds, La Tejería and Latxaga, located in the central area of Navarra and maintained by the regional government, were monitored for 12 years (1996-2008) with the aim of assessing their hydrological and erosion behaviour, as well as the quality of their water. In this work, an extensive and detailed analysis has been made of th...

In Spain, daily series of precipitation data are widely available in many sites from the middle of last century. However, neither the length nor the time resolution of those series is enough for some hydrologic applications. For instance, in order to evaluate the probability of occurrence of peak discharges in a small-size basin (100 km2), hourly p...

Two experimental watersheds, La Tejería (1.69 km2) and Latxaga (2.07 km2), appointed by the Government of Navarre (Spain) for assessing the effect of agricultural activities on the environment, were monitored during 10 years (1996-2005). Both watersheds are roughly similar with regard to soils, climate (humid sub Mediterranean) and land use (almost...

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) determination is a key factor for water balance and irrigation scheduling. Evapotranspiration can be measured directly by high-cost micrometeorological techniques, or estimated by mathematical models. The combination equation of Penman–Monteith, modified by Allen et al. [Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith...

Uno de los métodos más extendidos para simular el hidrograma de escorrentía directa en el ámbito del diseño hidrológico es la técnica del Hidrograma Unitario (HU). En base a un modelo de HU que se fundamenta en una asociación de depósitos lineales establecida en función de la red de drenaje de la cuenca, se propone una formulación que permite conte...

Although there is much evidence of intense soil erosion in cultivated areas of Navarre (Spain), information on it is currently scarce. Rill and ephemeral gully volumes can be used as a guide to minimum erosion rates. With the main purpose of determining the annual soil loss rates in cultivated areas of central Navarre, a detailed assessment of rain...

The Unit Hydrograph (UH) technique is widely used for runoff estimation, especially for determining peak discharges. In this paper, a geomorphologically based UH has been applied. Its most remarkable characteristic is that it includes the watershed structure in its formulation. This is defined from the drainage network, each subwatershed being cons...

Erosion caused by concentrated flows in agricultural areas is responsible for important soil losses, and rapid sediment transfer through the channel network. The main factors controlling concentrated flow erosion rates include the erodibility of soil materials, soil use and management, climate and watershed topography. In this paper, two topographi...

In this paper, a new unit hydrograph (UH) method is proposed and analysed. The method represents the watershed as a cascade of reservoirs, which in turn are determined from watershed morphology. This cascade can be obtained in two different ways: (i) from the sub-watershed network structured along the drainage network and (ii) by areas limited by i...

The present paper reports the first results of an ongoing research whose main objective is the development of a simple methodology for initialising and updating the soil moisture component of distributed hydrological models using SAR data. Five RADARSAT-1 images acquired between 27 February 2003 and 2 April 2003 over the Navarre region (Northern Sp...

The importance of soil moisture on many scientific fields like hydrology, meteorology, crop growth or soil erosion has been addressed frequently. Its characterisation has been a difficult task because of its high spatial and temporal variability. Several point based measurement techniques have been developed with different degree of success, but th...

Ephemeral gullies are important features of soil erosion, yielding large amounts of sediment and dissecting the landscape. In spite of their agricultural and environmental importance, gully erosion is not usually considered in routine schemes for predicting soil loss. An event-oriented process-based model for stream degradation has been adapted for...

Drainage channels constructed on highly erodible soils in some areas of Southern Navarre during 1988 have undergone severe erosion, including bed and bank degradation. This erosion triggered lateral gully development that affected adjacent cultivated fields. These processes are similar to those observed in permanent gullies in the area. One severel...

La erosión por cárcavas efímeras es un fenómeno muy frecuente en los suelos francos o franco-limosos formados sobre las Margas Miocenas del sur de Navarra. Se han identificado tres tipos de acuerdo con sus orígenes: las formadas dentro de la misma parcela en la que se origina la escorrentía; formadas por flujos provenientes de aguas arriba de la pa...

Ephemeral gully erosion is a common type of water erosion in the loamy soils formed on the Miocene Marls of southern Navarra. A study has been conducted to describe the different types of ephemeral gullies and to determine their origin, evolution and importance as sediment sources. Three main types were identified according to their origin: classic...

Se ha estudiado la recarga del acuífero freático de Almonte-Marismas mediante un modelo del movimiento del agua en el suelo basado en representaciones simplificadas del flujo de agua y calor, usado previamente en un análisis de la eficiencia del barbecho. Los resultados del modelo contrastados con observaciones de campo muestran la variabilidad de...

This article presents the results of a research on the estimation of surface soil moisture over agricultural watersheds by means of radar remote sensing. In particular, the possibility of using this technique over vegetated surfaces is analyzed; where vegetation cover might attenuate the backscattering coefficient (σ0) observed by those sensors. Fi...