Jitendra Kumar Singh

Hanyang University · Center for Creative Convergence Education

Different amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP: Na6[(PO3)6]) has been used to fill the defects and pores of arc thermal sprayed 15Al-85Zn coating. 73.39% porosity is reduced by 0.1 M SHMP post-treated coating due to formation of hydrogen zinc phosphate hydrate (HZP: HZn4(PO4)3H2O). The corrosion resistance of post-treated coating is increased...

Photocatalysis is a traditional approach to solve energy crises and environmental pollution control. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2-D conjugated polymer, along with different other forms of carbon based components like carbon nano-tubes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nano-sheets, carbon nano-wires etc. acts as nano-mediator and serves as prom...

In the present work, an overview has been discussed on the application of arc thermal spray technology. This process used in erosion, corrosion and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) shielding. The Al coating exhibits excellent corrosion properties in simulated weathering i.e., Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2334 as well as 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution...

The hybrid inhibitor performs excellently compared to either organic or inorganic inhibitor individually. In the present studies, a fixed amount i.e. 2 wt% l-arginine (LA) and 0.25 wt% trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (TSPDH) is considered as hybrid inhibitor and its chloride threshold is determined by open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical...

The corrosion of steel structures in coastal areas is a major issue. Therefore, in the present study, the protection against the corrosion of structural steel is carried out by depositing 100 μm thick Al and Al-5 Mg coatings using a plasma arc thermal spray process, immersing them in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 41 days (d). To deposit such metals, o...

The surface treatment of concrete enhances the bonding of its metal coatings. Therefore, in the present study, on the concrete surface, prior to the deposit of an 85Zn-15Al coating via an arc thermal spraying process, different surface treatments were considered for the effective electromagnetic pulse (EMP) shielding properties of the concrete. How...

There is need for development of highly effective green corrosion inhibitors to protect steel rebar. In the present study, 2 wt. % L-arginine (LA: C6H14N4O2) with different amounts (i.e., 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 wt. %) of trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (SP: Na3PO4∙12H2O) was used as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor in a simulated concrete pore (SC...

For the goal of construction simplicity, when considering the addition of an intermediate diaphragm (ID) to the bridge deck construction, particularly for beam-to-slab bridges, the majority of engineers were found to be passive. This took place as a result of the perception that ID does not significantly contribute to improving structural capacity,...

Vibration in bridges occurred due to several factors such as structural design, environmental loadings, and loading characteristics (speed parameter, loading patterns, and configuration of axles). If this problem is prolonged for several years, this may lead to stages of failure such as structural cracking, fatigue on structural members, excessive...

The present work focuses on the role of different amounts i.e. 0.295 and 2.95 kg/m3 ammonium phosphate monobasic (NH4H2PO4: APM) inhibitor and 1.2 kg/m3 NaCl as admixtures in cement mortar under wetting–drying accelerated condition to mitigate the corrosion of steel rebar. The results show that phosphate ions (from APM) react with NaCl and ordinary...

The corrosion of the structural steel exposed in coastal area is a big challenge for the researchers. Therefore, researchers are using different coating processes. The thermal spray coating is a convenient and easy process being used in thermal barrier coatings, electromagnetic pulse (EMP), wear and corrosion resistance. In plasma thermal spray tec...

Light incidence angle is an important parameter to Light-transmitting Concrete (LTC), especially when it is used for building materials exposed to sunlight. Yet, there is a lack of deeper understanding on the performance of LTC when light incidence is encountered with different angles. This study covers the synergistic effect of light incidence ang...

Intelligent transportation system envisages a large network of intelligent vehicles to satisfy one of the insatiable demands of the smart cities. However, increasing vehicle theft cases impose another challenge on the researchers working in cybersecurity and privacy domain. In this work, we have developed a robust vehicle anti-theft system utilizin...

In present study, 0.1 (M) triethanolamine (C6H15NO3: TEA) and 0.01 (M) sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6: SHMP] have been dissolved in deionized water to synthesize the TS inhibitor solution. Different amounts such as 0.01, 0.10 and 0.25% of TS inhibitor have been taken to study the corrosion performance of steel rebar in 0.6 (M) NaCl contaminated...

As the fastest growing plant with high tensile strength, bamboo provides an excellent alternative material to replace steel reinforcement in a concrete structure. However, the bond of bamboo embedded in concrete is very poor due to its surface properties and swell–shrink behaviors, especially when embedded in ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC...

The present study has been focused on the synthesis of silica encapsulated paraffin phase change materials and its application in cement-based systems. One-pot in-situ hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica precursor and subsequent polycondensation have successfully encapsulated the paraffin droplets into nano-sized capsules of phase chan...

Zinc (Zn) coating is being used to protect steel structures from corrosion. There are different processes to deposit the coating onto a steel substrate. Therefore, in the present study, a 100 µm thick Zn coating was deposited by arc and plasma arc thermal spray coating processes, and the corrosion resistance performance was evaluated in artificial...

Arc thermal spray coating process is popular and convenient to apply on steel substrate to protect steel from corrosion in different environment. However, porosity is common in coating process, and it is important to reduce the porosity for better corrosion resistance properties. Here in our research, Al coating was deposited on mild steel substrat...

Lauric acid (LA), an eco-friendly fatty acid, is used as phase change materials (PCMs) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor solution of SiO2 for sol-gel process. In the present study, various core-shell ratios are taken for the microencapsulation of LA with SiO2. The effect of different core-shell ratios on the chemical, structural,...

In the present study, 0.115 M L-arginine (LA) has been used as an eco-friendly inhibitor in simulated concrete pore solutions (SP-0) in order to form passive films on a steel rebar–solution interface until 144 h. Hence, 0.51 (SP-1) and 0.85 M NaCl (SP-2) were added in LA containing SP-0 solution to breakdown the passive film and to initiate corrosi...

Deterioration of metallic and non-metallic structures and monuments is largely controlled by their surrounding environment. The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) world heritage situated in Agra of India built in seventeenth century using white marbles, is famous for its aesthetic look. Gradual ye...

Lauric acid (LA) has been recommended as economic, eco-friendly, and commercially viable materials to be used as phase change materials (PCMs). Nevertheless, there is lack of optimized parameters to produce microencapsulated PCMs with good performance. In this study, different amounts of LA have been chosen as core materials while tetraethyl orthos...

In the present study, different amounts of L-arginine (LA) i.e. Zwitterion have been used as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor to study its effect on the mitigation of the steel rebars corrosion in 0.17 M NaCl added simulated concrete pore (SP) solution. Potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP), and electrochemical impedance spe...

Bismuth molybdates are considered the essential photocatalysts due to their mesoporous structure, low energy gap, suitable ion conductions, acousto-optics, photo-conduction, and sensing properties. The present report describes a cost-effective route for developing stable and efficient photocatalysts for optical to chemical energy conversion and env...

γ-Dicalcium silicate (γ-C2S) is known for its strong carbonation reactivity by which it can capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), thus, it can be used in construction industries. This paper aims to study the effects of γ-C2S on the properties of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) containing cement mortar and paste in natural and accel...

Advancement in electronic and communication technologies bring us up to date, but it causes electromagnetic interference (EMI) resulting in failure of building and infrastructure, hospital, military base, nuclear plant, and sensitive electronics. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to prevent the failure of structures and electronic component...

In the present studies, the Al coating deposited by arc thermal spraying process was treated with different concentrations of ammonium phosphate mono basic ((NH4)H2PO4) and caesium nitrate (CsNO3) to improve the morphology and corrosion characteristics of the coating. As coated (AC) sample exhibits pores and defects onto the surface but once the tr...

Graphene is one of the most favorite materials for materials science research owing to its distinctive chemical and physical properties, such as superior conductivity, extremely larger specific surface area, and good mechanical/chemical stability with the flexible monolayer structure. Graphene is considered as a supreme matrix and electron arbitrat...

The consumptions of artificial light especially in urban area leads to carbon footprints and global warming. The introduction of light-transmitting concrete (LTC) enables light to be transmitted through opaque concrete and reduces building energy consumptions. The aesthetic value and the light transmittance properties of LTC attracted the attention...

Role of alloying of lead in hot dip galvanized coating deposited on mild steel wire on their corrosion characteristics are studied exposing them in industrial, coastal urban environments and laboratory simulated electrolytes. Various corrosion evaluation techniques namely mass loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and direct current polariza...

Stearic acid (SA) is being used as phase change material (PCM) in energy storage applications. In the present study, the microencapsulation of SA with SiO2 shell was carried out by sol-gel method. Different amounts of SA (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 g) were taken against 10 ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for encapsulation. The synthesized micro...

In the present study, different amounts, i.e., 1-3 v/v% of 1 M ammonium phosphate monobasic, were used as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosion of steel rebar exposed to simulated concrete pore (SCP) + 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at a prolonged duration. Potentiodynamic polarization results show that as the amount of inhibitor is...

In the present study, different contents, i.e., 1–3% of 0.5 M ammonium phosphate mono basic (APMB), were used as corrosion inhibitor to reduce the corrosion of steel rebar. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that up to 24 h of exposure, polarization resistance (Rp) and passive/oxide film resistance (Ro) gradually decreased...

L-arginine is one of the amino acids found in plant seeds. In the present study, various amounts (i.e., 3%, 5%, 10%) of L-arginine were added to cement mortar to investigate the compressive strength, workability, leaching behavior, and pH change in distilled and natural seawater, as well as dissolved nitrogen and growth of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) by...

Concrete structures are economical and typically durable when exposed to a variety of environmental conditions. However, carbonation results in a reduction of the durability of reinforced concrete members because it damages the passive film surrounding the reinforcement, which accelerates corrosion processes and may ultimately lead to premature fai...

This paper provides an overview on the development of Light-transmitting Concrete (LTC). Concrete is improved in terms of transparency by installing optical fibres into the concrete. The application of LTC in building enables light transmission, which reduces light energy consumptions and carbon footprint, providing a more sustainable living enviro...

The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a destructive phenomenon which harms the building, telecommunication, and IT based infrastructure. Thus, it is required to reduce the effect of EMP using shielding materials. In the present study, we have used different thickness of concrete walls by incorporating 1 and 5 wt% of carbon black, as well as 100 µm thi...

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) conventionally has been incorporated with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) owing to reduce the environmental load and enhance the engineering performance. Concrete with GGBFS shows different strength development of normal concrete, but sensitive, to exterior condition. Thus, a precise strength evaluation t...

Aluminum coating was deposited by arc thermal spraying process onto the steel substrate for the corrosion protection in aggressive environment. However, the arc thermal sprayed coating possesses defects in the coating. Thus, it is important to reduce the defects and enhance the corrosion resistance properties of the deposited coating using post-tre...

This paper provides an overview on the development of Light-transmitting Concrete (LTC). Concrete is improved in terms of transparency by installing optical fibres into the concrete. The application of LTC in building enables light transmission, which reduces light energy consumptions and carbon footprint, providing a more sustainable living enviro...

Al-x wt.% Fe bulk alloys were fabricated from a powder mixture of pure Al and x wt.% of Fe, where x = 2 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. Initially, as-mixed mixtures were processed using a mechanical-alloying (MA) technique in an attritor for 4 h. The milling was performed in an argon atmosphere at room temperature followed by the sintering of the milled...

This paper presents the experimental results on the behavior of fly ash geopolymer concrete incorporating bamboo ash on the desired temperature (200 °C to 800 °C). Different amounts of bamboo ash were investigated and fly ash geopolymer concrete was considered as the control sample. The geopolymer was synthesized with sodium hydroxide and sodium si...

The coatings deposited by arc thermal spraying process possess defects and pores within the coating, which must be filled using a proper pore sealing agent. In the present study, we have deposited an Al coating on a steel substrate using arc thermal spraying. Post-treatment with different concentrations of sodium phosphate monobasic (NaH2PO4) salt...

Steel structures signifcantly degrades owing to corrosion especially in coastal and industrial areas where signifcant amounts of aggressive ions are present. Therefore, anodic metals such as Al and Zn are used to protect steel. In the present study, we provide insights for the corrosion mechanism and kinetics of Al-Zn pseudo alloy coating deposited...

The aim of this investigation was to assess the corrosion behavior of gray cast iron (GCI) alloyed with copper. Alloyed GCI specimens were austempered isothermally at varying temperatures. After austenitizing at 927 °C, the samples were austempered at different temperatures ranging from 260 to 385 °C with an interval of 25 °C for 60 minutes. As a r...

The carbonation rate of reinforced concrete is influenced by three parameters, namely temperature, relative humidity, and concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the surroundings. As knowledge of the service lifespan of reinforced concrete is crucial in terms of corrosion, the carbonation process is important to study, and high-performance durable...

The protective properties of a newly developed phosphoric acidbased rust converter are investigated for reinforcement corrosion under chloride-contaminated concrete environment. The electrochemical evaluation of specimens after 6 years (2 years of wet-dry exposure in 3.5% sodium chloride solution and 4 years in dry laboratory environment) demonstra...

In present study Al coating was deposited by arc thermal spraying process thereafter treated with different concentration of Ammonium phosphate mono basic (NH4H2PO4) and 0.1 M calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] to fill the porosity. Impedance values of treated coating was increased at longer duration of exposure in artificial ocean water due to transformat...

The carbonation of concrete is the prime deterioration factor in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. During carbonation, the atmospheric CO 2 penetrates the concrete and lowers its alkalinity. The problem in predicting carbonation is difficult to address, and a reliable probabilistic carbonation assessment is required to consider different variabl...

This investigation was carried out following our earlier work on the effect of ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) on corrosion resistance of the 7075 aluminium alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution to optimize the duration of USSP. The samples not treated with USSP and different samples treated with USSP were subjected to potentiodynamic polarization and elec...

Inhibitor is one of the most accepted method to reduce, prolong the initiation of steel corrosion and increase the threshold value of Cl⁻ and CO3²⁻ ions. In present study, we have mixed sodium salt of phosphate and benzoate along with benzo triazole in water to prepare the inhibitor. Open circuit potential (OCP) results show that 5 v/v% inhibitor w...

The corrosion characteristics of 304 stainless steel (SS) and titanium (Ti) coatings deposited by arc thermal spray process in pH 4 solution were assessed. The Ti sprayed coating exhibits uniform, less porous and adherent coating morphology compared to the SS sprayed coating. The electrochemical study i.e. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EI...

Use of thermomechanically treated (TMT) reinforcing bars has become popular in the concrete construction industry after their introduction in the 1980s. This can be attributed to the fact that thermomechanical treatment enhances the strength and ductility of reinforcing bars remarkably. However, limited research is available on the corrosion behavi...

In this study, Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corrosion products. Open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic studies were used to assess...

The utilization of nanoform of agricultural waste as supplementary cementitious material is now widely investigated in cement research area. The nanoparticles in the concrete can be as nuclei for cement phases which further promote the cement hydration due to their high reactivity and act as filler to densify the microstructure. In this study, the...