Jiří Sádlo

• Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany

Anthropogenic biodiversity decline threatens the functioning of ecosystems and the many benefits they provide to humanity¹. As well as causing species losses in directly affected locations, human influence might also reduce biodiversity in relatively unmodified vegetation if far-reaching anthropogenic effects trigger local extinctions and hinder re...

Great progress in cytotaxonomic research during the last decades indicated an importance of relationships between morphological features, geographical distribution of plants, and chromosome counts. This study is aimed to fill the gaps in our knowledge on Bolboschoenus chromosome numbers related to morphological differentiation of plants and their d...

Alien plant invasions have been systematically studied for more than half a century and we already have extensive scientific evidence of their negative role in the current biodiversity decline. Here we aim to draw attention to expansive plants, i.e. native plant species that exhibit similar ecological behaviour to invasive alien plants, being promo...

A major challenge for forestry and nature conservation is the adaptation of forests to climate change, as there are many different climate projections, uncertain about which one will prove accurate. We aimed to estimate current and future changes in the potential ranges of common and cultivated native and exotic tree species in Europe. We also aime...

Abstract The 2022 wildfire in the Bohemian and Saxon Switzerland National Parks affected more than 1,100 ha. The fire burnt mainly dead spruce forest due to the previous bark beetle outbreak. As the post-fire modelling concluded (Hruška 2022), even clear-cutting did not prevent the fire from spreading. Although most fires in this area have been hum...

Plant invasion science has made a substantial progress in documenting the impacts of aliens, but comparisons with the impacts of native dominants are still rare. Further, the impacts on larger spatial scales remain poorly understood. We recorded the impacts of 10 native and nine invasive dominant plants in the Czech Republic on species richness and...

Vítková M., Brůna J., Sádlo J., Perglová I., Fleischhans r. & Pergl J. 2023: Invazní a expanzní druhy rostlin v horské krajině-využití predikčních modelů pro nastavení ideálního přístupu k managementu. Abstrakt Šířením geograficky nepůvodních druhů (invazních) a původních druhů (expanzních) dochází k taxonomické a funkční homogenizaci citlivých hor...

Abstrakt Biologické invaze jsou ohrožením biodiverzity, horskou krajinu nevyjímaje. Jejich dynamika značně závisí na zavlékání druhů a změně hospodaření v krajině. Zkoumali jsme zplaňování okrasných rostlin v horách na severovýchodě Čech v kontextu managementu krajinné mozaiky. Rozsáhlý terénní výzkum ukázal, že toto zplaňování patří k procesům sou...

Many phenological studies have shown that spring geophytes are very sensitive to climate change, responding by shifting flowering and fruiting dates. However, there is a gap in knowledge about climatic drivers of their distributions and range shifts under climate change. Here we aimed to estimate climate niche shifts for four widely distributed and...

Alien tree species are considered both a threat to nature conservation and a base for forest management. We compiled species occurrences from biodiversity databases, forest inventories, and literature data. We modeled the availability of potential niches using the MaxEnt method and bioclimatic variables for current conditions, 2041–2060, and 2061–2...

We present the third edition of the complete catalogue of the alien flora of the Czech Republic, which follows the 2002 and 2012 editions. It has been updated by incorporating new data collected over the last decade and reassessing the current status of taxa based on improved taxonomic and ecological knowledge. All changes in the taxon listing from...

Rapidly increasing resources of citizen science databases (CS) collecting information on species occurrence are increasingly useful as a data source for global biodiversity research. The photos attached to records allow to verify the species identification and identify its phenological phase. We assessed CS data's usefulness in large-scale phenolog...

Question When evaluating forests in terms of their biodiversity, distinctiveness and naturalness, the affinity of the constituent species to forests is a crucial parameter. Here we ask to what extent are vascular plant species associated with forests, and does species’ affinity to forests vary between European regions? Location Temperate and borea...

Invasive alien plants are known to reduce the diversity of recipient communities. However, there is an ongoing debate on whether or not native dominant species have similar effects. To answer this question, we compared herbaceous dominant species of plant communities in central Europe, 10 of which were native and nine alien to this region. We sampl...

As a consequence of native tree species decline and distribution range contraction in Europe, acclimation of the non-native tree species at the edge of their distribution is gaining importance. Although non-native tree species may provide sustainable ecosystem services, as a potentially invasive species they may be a threat to local ecosystems as w...

The Pladias (Plant Diversity Analysis and Synthesis) Database of the Czech Flora and Vegetation was developed by the Pladias project team in 2014-2018 and has been continuously updated since then. The flora section of the database contains critically revised information on the Czech vascular flora, including 13.6 million plant occurrence records, w...

Robinia pseudoacacia is one of the most frequent non‐native species in Europe. It is a fast‐growing tree of high economic and cultural importance. On the other hand, it is an invasive species, causing changes in soil chemistry and light regime, and consequently altering the plant communities. Previously published models developed for the potential...

To study the role that public parks play as sources of invasions, we surveyed 89 sites in the Czech Republic, comprising chateau parks in urban areas and countryside in various landscapes and socioeconomic contexts, in order to build complete inventories of alien taxa spontaneously spreading outside cultivation in parks or from their surroundings....

Ornamental plants are a common subject of study in landscape architecture but the ornamental flora and its significance specifically for biological invasions have only become a research topic in the last decade. We surveyed 89 parks in Czech Republic, that included palace gardens, chateaus and countryside parks, in various landscape and socioeconom...

Abstrakt: Červený seznam biotopů České republiky hodnotí riziko zániku pro 157 typů přirozených a polopřirozených biotopů vymezených ve druhém vydání Katalogu biotopů České republiky. Hodnocení bylo provedeno podle metodiky pro Červený seznam ekosystémů Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody (IUCN) v úpravě použité v Evropském červeném seznamu biotopů...

Ornamental plants are an important component of urban floras and a significant source of alien plant invasions to the surrounding landscapes. We studied ornamental flora across 174 settlements in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The aims of the study were to (i) identify clusters of sites that are defined as distinctive groups of ornamental taxa...

Knowledge of the species composition of invaded vegetation helps to evaluate an ecological impact of aliens and design an optimal management strategy. We link a new vegetation analysis of a large dataset to the invasion history, ecology and management of Robinia pseudoacacia stands across Southern Europe and provide a map illustrating Robinia distr...

The Red List of Habitats of the Czech Republic assesses the risk of collapse for 157 types of natural and semi-natural habitats defined in the second edition of the Habitat Catalogue of the Czech Republic. The assessment followed the guidelines for the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems as used in the European Red List of Habitats project, using the crite...

The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to AD 1500), their effect on past vegetation and their present status based on their residence time were studied. The residence times of archaeophytes range from 7500 to 500 years. It is likely that species with other functional traits came at different ti...

Lidská sídla a vegetace podél komunikací patří k nejvíce invadovaných stanovištím. Antropogenní stanoviště slouží jako druhotné biotopy pro původní druhy a stávají se tak novými centry biodiverzity. Zároveň jsou však i významným zdrojem výskytu nepůvodních druhů a poskytují jim prostor pro zdomácnění.

A new dataset of ecological indicator values for species, subspecies and some varieties, hybrids and infrageneric species groups has been compiled for the vascular flora of the Czech Republic. Indicator values for light, temperature, moisture, (soil) reaction, nutrient availability and salinity were assigned to 2275 species and 801 other taxa, usin...

The diaspores of vascular plants are transported by vectors from which the dispersal modes are inferred, such as anemochory as a spread by wind. Traditionally, each species was assigned a single dispersal mode, based on the morphology of its diaspore; for example the presence of pappus indicated anemochory. In this paper we present a different appr...

Dangerous and useful at the same time: management strategies for the invasive black locust The North American black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is considered controversial as many other introduced tree species because of its both positive and negative properties. Based on a literature review and own data we analyze the occurrence of black locust...

At present there are 1454 alien taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, hybrids and cultivars) of vascular plants recorded in the Czech Republic, among them 350 archaeophytes, introduced since the beginning of the Neolithic until the end of the Middle Ages, and 1104 neophytes, introduced in the Modern Period. Of the total number, 985 (67.7%) taxa are...

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is a North American tree, considered controversial because of the conflict between multiple uses by humans and negative environmental impacts, which have resulted in it being listed among the most invasive species in Europe. The current management of Robinia stands in Central Europe varies locally according to...

Robinia pseudoacacia, invaded many countries a long time ago and is now a common part of the Central European landscape. Positive economic but negative environmental impacts of Robinia result in conflicts of interest between nature conservation, forestry, urban landscaping, beekeepers and the public when defining management priorities. Because curr...

Sedimentary record of the Ploudnice River system, which is situated in the northern part of the Bohemian Massif, provides remarkable data for the study of climatic changes since the Upper Pleistocene. Narrow and flat floodplain which is restricted by the steep wall from Cretaceous quartz sandstones of Jizera Formation was formed. This type of flood...

Table S1. Locations of the six areas for the test communities and the representation of the vegetation types considered. Table S2. Variables used in the species distribution models with Biomod.

Questions (1) Do 17 seres studied proceed towards corresponding potential natural vegetation; (2) what are the similarities between seral and potential natural vegetation, and is it possible to estimate how long it takes to reach potential natural vegetation; and (3) do primary and secondary seres differ? Location Extracted peatlands, corridors of...

As legislation, research and management of invasive alien species (IAS) are not fully coordinated across countries or different stakeholder groups, one approach leading to more or less standardized activities is based on producing lists of prominent IAS that attain high level of concern and are a subject of priority monitoring and management. These...

Ornamental plants constitute an important source of alien, and potentially invasive species, but also include a substantial part of native flora and consist of taxa that occur both in the wild and in cultivation; yet garden floras are largely ignored in ecological studies.We studied ornamental plants in the Czech Republic in order to provide detail...

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a fast growing nitrogen fixing North American tree, planted in temperate regions worldwide. It is a controversial species due to the conflict between positive multiple uses and negative environmental impacts, which have resulted in Robinia being listed among the most invasive species. Although this tree is wel...

The factors that promote invasive behavior in introduced plant species occur across many scales of biological and ecological organization. Factors that act at relatively small scales, for example the evolution of biological traits associated with invasiveness, scale up to shape species distributions amongst different climates and habitats, as well...

Aim Several hypotheses postulate that species invasion is affected by an interplay between the phylogenetic position of the invading species and the phylogenetic structure of the invaded community type. Some of them suggest that phylogenetic relatedness of invaders to native species promotes naturalization, because phylogenetically related alien sp...

QuestionPatterns of phylogenetic relatedness of species within community types (phylogenetic structure; PS) are often used to infer processes of community assembly, yet the causes of these patterns remain poorly understood. Here we ask whether PS of extant plant species pools is related to availability of correspoding habitats in the geological his...

Revisiting the classical Gradmann’s ‘steppe theory’ for central Europe, we examine whether the early Holocene steppe habitats survived the critical period of maximum Holocene afforestation: the mid-Holocene bottleneck. Despite the undisputable fact that afforestation was a dominant ecological factor in this period, our parallel analyses of pollen a...

This study presents a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an oxbow wetland covering the past 11,500 years. The origin of the oxbow lake and development of the floodplain wetland and changes of the surrounding vegetation are reconstructed using palaeobotanical analyses, radiocarbon dating, detailed sediment stratigraphy and micromorphology of samp...

The study deals with the prehistoric development of the Bezdez - Doksy region in Northern Bohemia, with special regard to the excavation of the La Tene settlement at Okna that is cautiously ascribed to the Kobyly group. The settlement is assessed according to the data obtained by palaeobotanic, geobotanic and sedimentologic research of the site as...

Lepsi M., Lepsi P., Sadlo J., Koutecky, P., Vit P. & Petrik P. (2013): Sorbus pauca species nova, the first endemic species of the Sorbus hybrida group for the Czech Republic. - Preslia 85: 63-80. We describe a newly distinguished apomictic tetraploid (2n = 4x = 68) species Sorbus pauca M. Lepsi et P. Lepsi. We classify this new species as a member...

The Czech Republic has a strong tradition of research on synanthropic and alien plants, both historically and recently, which results in a good knowledge of alien flora and invasion patterns. In this paper the current situation of plant invasions in the country is reviewed from the viewpoint of the composition of the country's alien flora (based on...

Although the Holocene is characterized by prominent vegetation changes, some vegetation types can reveal surprising stability. We studied Holocene woodland history in a sandstone pseudokarst area (Doksy region, Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). Twelve soil profiles collected under native or semi-cultural pine forests were analyzed using anthracolo...

A complete list of all alien taxa ever recorded in the flora of the Czech Republic is presented as an update of the original checklist published in 2002. New data accumulated in the last decade are incorporated and the listing and status of some taxa are reassessed based on improved knowledge. Alien flora of the Czech Republic consists of 1454 taxa...

The paper provides a summary of existing information on the Vladar archa eological site collected during the course of two successive grant projects. The work provides information on the unpublished results of an archaeological excavation at the acropolis; in addition to new information on the dating of the peripheral fortifications of the settleme...

Práce podává shrnutí dosavadních poznatk ů o lokalitě Vladař, které byly získány v průběhu řešení dvou následných grantových projektů. Informuje o dosud nepublikovaných výsledcích archeologického výzkumu na akropoli a vedle nových poznatků o datování obvodové fortifikace předhradí přináší také první výsledky výzkumu unikátně zachované cisterny na p...

The Seslerio albicantis-Tilietum cordatae is described as a new association of the calcicolous forests in the Czech Republic. It includes species-rich Tilia cordata or T. platyphyllos dominated forests with a mixture of mesophilous forest species and thermophilous oak-forest species in the field layer, confined to shallow soils of the upper slopes....

Aim To provide the first comparative overview on the current numbers of alien species that invade representative European terrestrial and freshwater habitats for a range of taxonomic groups. Location Europe. Methods Numbers of naturalized alien species of plants, insects, herptiles, birds and mammals occurring in 10 habitats defined according to th...

The occurrence of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl (Cyperaceae), a rare species in the Czech Republic, is often considered a relict of earlier phases of the Holocene. Hitherto its relict status had only been assumed, based on analogies from other European countries. We confi rm this assumption to a high degree, based on palae obotanical fi nds. We argue...

Aim Determining which traits predispose a species to become invasive is a fundamental question of invasion ecology, but traits affect invasiveness in concert with other factors that need to be controlled for. Here, we explore the relative effects of biological traits of plant species and their distributional characteristics in the native range on i...

Aim To assess how habitat affinities in the native distribution range influence the invasion success of 282 central European neophytes (alien plants introduced after ad 1500). Location Czech Republic. Methods Classification trees were used to determine which native habitats donate the most alien species, the correspondence between habitats occupied...

The origin of this book was somewhat more complex than is usual amongst titles of this kind. First we aimed to publish a volume of long abstracts from a conference of the “Czech Archaeobotany Working Group” that took place in âeské Budûjovice, South Bohemia, in January 2006. This group is an informal collection of people dedicated to archaeobotany...

Based on a combination of data from the Czech National Phytosociological Database and expert knowledge, a database of vascular plant species pools for 88 habitats, representative of the diversity of Czech vegetation, was compiled. This database contains 1820 native species, 249 archaeophytes and 278 neophytes, each assigned to one or more habitats....

In the following overview, the natural conditions of the individual sandstone regions of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin are characterized focusing on flora and vegetation. For this survey, regions are geographically defined using the phytogeographic division of the Czech Republic; the parts of sandstone regions extended to Poland and Germany have be...

A syntaxonomical synthesis of calcicolous forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica (Cephalanthero-Fagenion suballiance) in the Czech Republic was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Relevés included in the analyses were selected following formalized approach by using an expert-delimited group of 38 calcicolous and/or xerothermophilous specie...

The large fortified hilltop site of Vladař, northwest Bohemia, Czech Republic (50°05′N, 13°13′E), has recently been studied intensively by way of environmental archaeology, in which palaeoecological methods have played a crucial role. The latter include the analyses of pollen, green algae, Cladocera, other microfossils, plant macro-remains (includi...

The large fortified hilltop site of Vladar (W Bohemia, Czech Republic, 50° 05' N, 13° 13' E) is being studied intensively during recent years by means of environmental archaeology. Palaeoecological methods play a crucial role in this effort; these include analyses of pollen, green algae, Cladocera and other microfossils, plant macroremains (includi...

Temporal patterns of immigration to the country were analysed using 668 alien species in the flora of the Czech Republic for which the dates of the first record were available (64.8% of the total number of 1031 so-called neophytes, i.e. aliens introduced after the year 1500). After a period of initial slow increase lasting to the 1840s, the accumul...

Comprehensive information on the alien flora of the Czech Republic is presented. The first com-plete list of non-native taxa reported from the country since the beginning of agriculture 7,300 year ago was developed from available knowledge. There are 1378 alien taxa, 33.4% of the total plant diversity of the country. The composition and structure o...

In this study, we examined certain plant species for their high need of nitrogen (N>6, Ellenberg’s scale) and identified both conditions of soil nutrients, contents of N and P in leaves and light availability in permanent plots of deciduous forests in the Bohemian Karst (Central Bohemia) between 1997 and 1999. For comparison, a similar habitat was...

Alien flora of the Czech Republic is presented. In Appendix 1, 1378 alien taxa (33.4% of the total flora) are listed with information on the taxonomic position, origin, invasive status (casual, naturalized, invasive; a new category post-invasive is introduced), time of immigration (archaeophytes vs. neophytes), habitat type invaded (natural, semina...

Nutrient-rich terrestric habitats form small areas in the peaty alluvial plain of upper stream of the Vltava river. Their vegetation consists of birch and grey alder alluvial woodland, willow and bridewort scrub and tall grassland of sedges, grasses and forbs. A hypothesis that this vegetation is an Early Holocene relic is presented. The relict ori...

The chorology and ecology of Rumex confertus Willd. in the Czech Republic is reviewed.

Current interpretations based on palynological data consider the vegetation of fen peats (calciphilous mires) young and human-made because of its development from deforested alder woodlands. However, this oppinion can be accepted only when succession of the majority of stands is considered. Regarding the coenogenesis of plant communities (i. e. the...

Vyd. 2.

The vegetation types have been used as the indicators of an ecosystem suitable for high incidence of Ixodes ricinus ticks and their hosts, for the circulation of tick-borne diseases pathogens and, accordingly, for the existence of natural foci of these infections, namely tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB). The method of remote...

Sedum caucasicum (Grossg.) Boris, is reported from two localities of North East Turkey, as a new taxon for the flora of Turkey. Its morphological characters, chromosome number, differences from some other taxa of Sedum sect. Telephium and comments on its ecology are given.

The main objective of this project was to predict Ixodes ricinus abundant habitats reliably as a means of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) risk assessment for the prevention of this disease. The vegetation types were used as the indicators of an ecosystem suitable for tick occurrence, for TBE virus circulation and, accordingly, for the existence of na...

Based on elaboration of a prediction map of sites of increased incidence of Ixodes ricinus associated with an increased risk of attack on humans and activation of the virus of tick-borne encephalitis it was assumed that different types of vegetation can serve this purpose as suitable indicators. For assessment of these sites and their location on t...

A new association Diantho gratianopolitani-Aurinietum saxatilis from the alliance Asplenion septentrionalis is described from nutrient-poor siliceous rocks of river valleys and solitary hills in the Czech Republic. The community is assayed as a relict fragment of vegetation surviving in extreme habitats from the early Holocene.

267 published and 32 unpublished phytosociological relevés from North Korea were synthesized. As a result, a revision of the units of the ruderal and segetal terrestrial vegetation known so far, and a discussion of their relationship to the analogous Japanese and European vegetation are presented. 17 associations and 4 communities at association le...

Short-lived plant communities of ruderal habitats in North Korea were studied using the Zürich-Montpellier approach. TheBeckmannio eruciformis-Potentilletum costatae, theDaturo tatulae-Siegesbeckietum pubescentis, theHumulo japonicae-Chenopodietum albi and theCosmo-Humulion japonicae were described as new.

Communities with dominant G. robertianum were studied in the Czech Republic, and compared with similar stands in Central Europe. A total of 60 vegetation releves were collected. A new association Asplenio rutae-murariae-Gymnocarpietum robertiani was distinguished, and Dryopteridetum robertianae is reported from the Czech Republic. Both communities...