Jimoh Amzat

Usmanu Danfodiyo University · Department of Sociology

Globalization has become another ontological reality or social fact, which consciously or unconsciously influences human way of life and circumstances. This chapter explains the links between globalization and health, and some of the significant manifestations of globalization’s impacts on health. The chapter begins with the conceptualization of gl...

Globalization is a complex process, as there is the globalization of “everything” and as “everything” is globalizing. The chapter examines the intricacies of globalization and health as a significant domain where globalization has an enormous impact. Globalization and health are interconnected, in terms of the epidemiology of diseases, healthcare s...

The novel Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) became a pandemic and overwhelmed the world. It is a major pandemic of the modern era with over 30 million cases and close to 1 million deaths as of mid-September 2020. The spread of COVID-19 is a manifestation of a risk society, fueled by globalization or, specifically, human mobility. The chapter e...

This chapter situates the discourse of globalization and health within some theoretical precepts. A structuralist approach, derived from Giddens’ structuration theory, examines levels of responsibilities and how structural arrangement influences population health. The structural focus is on levels of health determinants, including super-macro, macr...

Most parts of the Global South are still confronted with traditional risks, i.e., the risk of infectious diseases, while simultaneously facing the rising risk of noncommunicable diseases. Infectious epidemics constitute a significant threat to global health security because of their potential to escalate across boundaries. A movement to and from en...

Background Quarantine and isolation (Q&I) are interrelated but not mutually exclusive public health practices for disease control, which may face public resistance in the context of health emergencies due to associated challenges. Hence, it is often tough for most countries to implement Q&I even in the context of health emergencies. Therefore, this...

Nigeria occupies pivotal position in the comity of nations. It is the ‘giant of Africa’ and economic hub of West Africa. With an estimated population of more than 200 million people, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa (Pontianus & Oruonye, 2021) and the 6th most populous country in the world (World Bank, 2023).

Background Despite the increasing burden of breast cancer in the developing world, there is a misunderstanding of the complex and multifaceted relationship between culture and cancer, particularly breast cancer. Hence, a dichotomy of illness narratives exists due to differential meaning making concerning breast cancer. While clinicians always recom...

Securing lives and property is a fundamental duty of any government and a cardinal pre-condition for the development of any nation. Nigeria has unprecedentedly witnessed a growing spate of insecurity, which poses monumental threats to its development and corporate existence. Insecurity in the country has worsened and assumed complex dimensions, plu...

Background and Aims Infectious disease outbreaks pose significant challenges in Africa due to its ecology, socioeconomic conditions, and weak health systems. Implementing institutional quarantine and isolation (Q&I) measures is crucial for managing major outbreaks. However, the cultural context often determines the success of these measures. This s...

Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer for women in Nigeria, representing 25% of all cancers in women. How do women self‐identify with the new realities of living with breast cancer before, during and after treatment? Aims This study aims to examine the self‐identities of 22 women with breast cancer in Nigeria. Methods The paper re...

Internationalization plays a crucial role in building the international competitiveness and profile of a university. However, the process of internationalization can be very challenging. The understanding of these challenges is very crucial for internationalization implementation and improvement. This scoping review aimed to map the existing empiri...

Comorbid conditions are common among the elderly, and they are in danger of passing away soon. Therefore, there is a need for frequent routine medical checkups (RMCs) to maintain their health status. This scoping review aims to assess the extent of available empirical evidence on RMCs among the elderly in Africa. Seven research databases, namely Pu...

Over 970 million people globally and over 50 million in Nigeria are estimated to be affected by mental illness. The condition is associated with several psycho-cultural and social problems including stigma which poses a major challenge for people with mental illness experience. The paper examines the understanding of mental illness narrative and tr...

Background: This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years. Methods: The global prevalence, years lived with disabilities (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and inequality were estimated for early MSK diseases, includi...

Background and Aims Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very...

Background Health intervention trials constitute important research efforts to find appropriate solutions to health issues affecting different populations. In many cases, it involves high‐risk groups such as the trans‐communities. This scoping review aims to review the existing health intervention trials involving transgender, transabled and transr...

Background and Aims One of the greatest public health problems of the 21st century is undernutrition in children under the age of 5 years (CAUFY). Globally, over 232 million CUAFY are undernourished and approximately 45% of mortality in this population are undernutrition‐induced. This paper reviewed and critically explained the factors perpetuating...

Background and Aims E‐cigarettes will continue to be a public health issue in Nigeria. To curb the growing menace of the e‐cigarette use in Nigeria through evidence‐based approach, it is crucial to first map the empirical research landscape of e‐cigarettes in Nigeria. No known study has mapped the existing empirical evidence and gaps concerning e‐c...

Background Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common congenital anomalies accounting for over 4.6 million cases. OFCs are associated with significant morbidity and a heightened risk of infant mortality in many developing nations due to barriers to accessing multidisciplinary care. Rwanda has a considerable burden of OFCs. This scoping revie...

Background: Global evaluations of the progress towards the WHO End TB Strategy 2020 interim milestones on mortality (35% reduction) and incidence (20% reduction) have not been age specific. We aimed to assess global, regional, and national-level burdens of and trends in tuberculosis and its risk factors across five separate age groups, from 1990 to...

Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditio...

Background Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of D...

The insights gained from this sociological gaze through community diagnosis have significant implications for human health, healthcare policies and practices. By recognising the social condition as a fundamental cause of health, policymakers and other stakeholders can work towards improving population health...More importantly, community diagnosis...

Background There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial care, and different studies had evaluated the quality of life (QoL) outcomes among patients who underwent robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, empirical evidence on the QoL outcomes from these procedures is yet to be mapped...

Background The burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is increasing. Different studies have shown how public education on oral cancer have increased knowledge of oral cancer across populations, however, it is not known if these practices are adopted by oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in Nigeria. Aims To investigat...

Background and Aims Qigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of graceful movements, which promote self‐healing, meditation, and self‐cultivation. There is growing evidence that Qigong and/or Tai Chi therapy may improve the physical and psychological health among adults with multiple health conditions including joint mov...

Qualitative research is popular in medical and social science research. Grounded theory research (GTR) is the most cited qualitative method, especially in medical studies. For a study to be considered as GTR, a theory or model should be inductively derived from the data. This article presents a worked example of how to conduct a grounded theory res...

Oral cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease, it constitutes the most common cancer in the head‐and‐neck region, and it is the 16th most common and 15th deadliest cancer type affecting humans. Despite the global efforts channelled towards global cancer control, the burden of oral cancer is still increasing. Every year, several thousands of people...

Background Sexual assault has been a major social problem worldwide. Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a form of sexual assault facilitated by psychoactive substances. DFSA is highly prevalent worldwide, though it is usually underreported. To understand the situation of DFSA in Africa, there is a need to map the available empirical evidence...

Background and Aims The epidemiological burden of cancer in Africa, and Nigeria in particular, has been increasing significantly over the past few decades due to exposure to numerous risk factors as well as belief in various myths and misconceptions. Chaplains can play crucial roles in dispelling these myths and misconceptions about cancer among pe...

Background Poverty is a significant global problem which can hinder the attainment of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Poverty reduction or elimination requires adequate scientific or research contributions, creating socio‐scientific frames that could inform relevant stakeholders in policy planning, implementation and...

Background and Aims The use of lasers has been increasing in various surgical procedures. Its specific characteristics have conquered the scalpel used to a major extent in certain surgical procedures. This scoping review aimed to assess the empirical evidence that exists on the quality of life (QoL) of dental patients treated with laser surgery. M...

Background and Aim Polio eradication efforts including polio‐philanthropy have been coordinated and sustained since 1988, with the introduction of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). The polio fight is sustained in the name of evidence‐based benevolence or beneficent philanthropy from which Africa has benefited immensely. With the recor...

Background and Aims The 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak necessitated the declaration of mpox as a public health emergency. This is the first time a wide mpox spread and human‐to‐human transmission are recorded in several countries outside West and Central Africa. The outbreak reveals a strong need for wider intervention to increase awareness and co...

Background and Aims The core ethical perplexity is that physician‐assisted suicide and euthanasia (PAS/E) contradicts the core value of medical practice which is about the duty of care to preserve life. While most arguments for and against euthanasia emerge from other continents, no African country legalizes or decriminalizes PAS/E. The essence of...

Background and Aims Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting virtually all nations, including Rwanda. In Rwanda, the burden of dental caries is an issue of public health concern. To ensure the progressive eradication of the current dental caries burden in Rwanda through an evidence‐based approach, it is imperative to have an overview of the...

Background and Aims In Africa, natal and neonatal teeth is a culture‐bound phenomenon which is associated with several sociocultural connotations which might affect child survival. Different empirical studies have been conducted in Africa on natal and neonatal teeth; however, no known scoping review has been conducted to map the empirical evidence....

Background Oral human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrheal, chlamydial, syphilitic and trichomonas infections are very common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Africa. However, no known study has reviewed the available evidence concerning the preventative interventions by dental care professionals (DCPs) in Africa on oral STDs; hence, this scopin...

Introduction: Accidents involving sports or leisure activities, falls, blows from objects, acts of interpersonal violence, and accidents can all result in dental trauma (also known as traumatic dental injuries [TDIs]). School children are one of the population groups that are highly vulnerable to TDIs. Multiple school-based interventions have been...

Background and Aims Yoga is well‐thought‐out as an all‐inclusive approach globally and can be administered in clinical care as an integrative or alternate approach to regular treatment. Yoga exercise has been disclosed to influence remission from cancer cells over a long period of time and also reverses epigenetic alterations. Applications of Yoga...

Citation: Nnyanzi, L.A.; Adisa, A.O.; Kanmodi, K.K.; Aladelusi, T.O.; Salami, A.A.; Amzat, J.; Angione, C.; Nwafor, J.N.; Uwambaye, P.; Okee, M.; et al. Abstract: Over the past decade, omics technologies such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used in the scientific understanding of diseases. While omi...

Background Infectious diseases often come with enormous fear because of their ability to spark and spread. The same for COVID‐19, which WHO declared a pandemic in February 2020 after a record spread in multiple countries. The global world of information and social media plays a major role in the pandemic. Hence, this study aims to analyse the patte...

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) research scholarship evaluation is pivotal to the strategic planning, implementation and sustainability of HPV prevention and control programmes in Africa. Hence, this study evaluated HPV research scholarship in Africa. Methods This review—a bibliometric analysis—investigated the trends, patterns, dynamics and...

School-age youth constitute a neglected but highly vulnerable group concerning sexual health risks in low-resource countries. Robust evidence concerning the research landscape of school-based interventions on human papillomavirus in Africa is currently lacking. Therefore, this systematic scoping review (SSR) aims to map evidence about school-based...

Introduction: The knowledge of dental research productivity helps to provide oversight on current dental research capacity and gaps. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the dental research productivity of the universities in the North East of England (NEE).

Introduction Vabbing, also known as vaginal dabbing, is a known behaviour gaining ground in modern society. Vabbing is the act of dabbing vaginal secretions as body perfume droplets to sexually attract others. This study aims to conduct a scoping review (ScR) of empirical studies on vaginal dabbing. Methodology This review, informed by the Joanna...

This study explores how Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in rural Zimbabwe care for babies’ umbilical cords, examining cultural practices associated with umbilical cord care. This study relies on a qualitative interpretive approach, guided by symbolic interactionist theory, involving 16 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The respondents were de ju...

About half of the world's population requires the services of a dentist. However, the in-depth understanding of the concerns and priorities of the global public and scientific communities concerning dentists is essential for the planning and development of sustainable strategies, interventions , and policies that will cater for the current global o...

The study aimed at analysing the extent to which women access maternal health services in Funtua, Nigeria. Most births take place outside health facilities and without the presence of skilled attendants. Katsina State records a high level of maternal mortality with an estimated maternal mortality rate of over 1,000 maternal deaths per 100,000 live...

The study explores the perceived causes of change in sexual risk behaviour among Nigerian adolescents over the past years. By embedding the results into a theoretical context, the study aims to further develop interventions targeting adolescent sexual health. To do so, 23 semi-structured interviews are conducted through the mobile-instant-messaging...

This chapter takes a critical and macro stance showing the sociological interrogation of health and well-being in Africa, focusing on the social context of health and disease, including social life, institutions, and human health behaviors. Sociological discourse about health in Africa is no different from that in the rest of the world, as the expl...

This chapter examines the social determinants of health (SDH) in Africa. It highlights some theoretical perspectives relevant to understanding the SDH, including the production of health and structural and system approaches. The chapter argues that the high prevalence of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases in Africa is a consequence of a...

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note...

Social life is becoming digitized due to technological advancement, especially the Internet and social media, which have changed interaction, communication and the trajectories of human relationships. Access to the Internet and social media have practically altered the extent of youth inclusion in or exclusion from social, cultural, political and e...

Domestic violence is pervasive, with one third of women has been domestically abused has a negative influence on maternal health care. Domestic violence is bedeviled with a culture of silence; it is usually under-reported. The study was anchored on the cultural theory of violence. A total of 1,143 mothers from three rural Local Government Areas of...

One of the most basic but arduous questions confronting sociology scholars and students around the world today is, “Do we still need to talk about the classical sociological theorists?” However, the fundamental premise of classical sociologists has made pivotal their requirement in today’s world. The world faces the crisis of COVID-19, which has be...

The social sciences, the last of the sciences to develop upon the realization of their imperatives in ensuring a better society, focus on human behaviour in all its ramifications. Theorizing human society is a huge task because of the complexity of human behaviour and society. The social sciences rely on both research and theory in the formulation...

Unlike his intellectual forebears (Comte, Spencer, Durkheim, and Marx), Weber was skeptical about the adequacy of adopting natural science methods in the study of society. He was particularly critical of how adequately the application of natural science principles and methods would realize the scientific research of human interaction and society. H...

Goffman focused on the rituals of modern social interaction which, according to him, construct the modern self, a significant factor of which aggregate aids the understanding of societal order. He saw a great need to understand the self by examining the conditions in which it is formed, threatened or blatantly manipulated...

Health is contextual in the sense that there are myriad factors, regarded as social determinants of health (SDH) influencing it. Some of those factors even constitute the causes of diseases because they exact direct influence on the likelihood of ill-health. Globalization is another dominant social reality, which has been implicated as a significan...

Global Health Initiatives or Global Health Partnerships constitute collaborative efforts to improve global health. Although often poorly conceived in terms of humanitarian activities, the initiatives hold promise in improving global health through the provision of essential resources (both material and non-material), most notably in resource-constr...

The rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is associated with increasing modernization and globalization. Chronic diseases are a result of lifestyle, which is a major social determinant of health. Lifestyle often appears to exist only at the micro level, but emerging evidence has shown that lifestyle has a lot to do with macro and super-macro fact...

This chapter examines migration patterns made possible through globalization and how migration has become a public or global health issue, and therefore how it is responsible for various health challenges. The health of migrants is a global health discourse because migration status is a strong determinant of health. This chapter examines the most w...

The world must contend with the forces of globalization and how it is shaping realities, including the epidemiology of health risks, risk factors, politics and policies of healthcare. This chapter examines the political health issues involved in the control of diseases or how to ensure functional health for all. There is intense “politicking” in he...

Globalization influences inequalities in healthcare, especially between the Global South and North. Despite the inequality, actors worldwide are working toward the same goal: Improved global health/health conditions for the most vulnerable. This synching of targets is a partial means of ensuring accountability in the management of the health sector...

Globalization is a form of social change, reshaping the socio-spatial milieu in which humans strive, and in which health and disease are managed and controlled. And yet the effects of globalization are distributed unevenly, with opportunities open for some but not for all. Globalization, Health and the Global South is an important textbook for any...

COVID-19 pandemic infests every sphere of life, including the economy, thereby accounting for tremendous economic calamities on a global scale. Some of such calamities are still evolving. This paper examines the economic impact of COVID-19 with particular emphasis on Nigeria within the early days of the pandemic. The article established its theoret...

Ethnomethodology has methodological, theoretical practical utilities in sociology. It is a distinct tradition which has not received the deserving attention. As a method, it stipulates innovative method to the understanding of social life. As a theory, it unveils the contexts of shared norms and behaviour. Ethnomethodology is all about how individu...

The actor-network theory (ANT) focuses on studying science and knowledge. It is a Socio-Technical Systems (STS) perspective, which considers human behaviour or action within the context of technological development or context. The theory shows that scientific success and failure should not be distinguished by how the former is attributed to intrins...

Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you would be able to  Identify the foundation of Macrosociology  Ascertain the foundation of Microsociology  Distinguish between Macrosociology and Microsociology  Appreciate the macro-micro link Introduction The micro-macro or agency-structure problem is one of the important aspects of social the...

In Nigeria, corruption has become a norm rather than an aberration. Corruption is the hydra-headed, despicable socio-economic and political behaviour, which frustrated every developmental effort by successive administrations. Every sector of the Nigerian economy has suffered tremendous setbacks due to bureaucratic and political corruption, which ar...

BBackground: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic shocked the world, overwhelming the health systems of even high-income countries. Predictably, the situation has elicited social and medical responses from the public and governments, respectively. Nigeria recorded an imported case from Italy on February 27, 2020. Hence, this paper as...

The trio of Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) target conditions, malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea, constitute a devastating global disease burden killing over 1 million under-5 children annually. Nigeria accounts for almost 15% of global under-5 mortality. The World Health Organization is promoting iCCM in resource-constrained societies. T...

The rate of early marriage is 87% in northwest Nigeria, although it is 56% in Kaduna. One major issue is that early marriage is often rationalized as a religious norm. This study explores the role of faith leaders in advancing the cause of adolescent girls regarding the timing of marriage in Kaduna state. This qualitative study took place in three...

This article discusses the impediments to science-community engagement and identifies five forms of underdevelopment sentiments: primordial, mystical, ethnoreligious, conspiracy, and fatalistic. It also critically examines wishful thinking, which takes the form of superficial recommendations that do not hold any implications for society except on t...

In northern Nigeria, there are cultural and religious pressures on girls to marry early. Up to 43% of girls in Nigeria are married before 18, rising as high as 87% in the northwest. The study, using a mixed method approach, examines behaviours of community members towards adolescent girls’ time of marriage with perspectives from adolescent girls, f...

The African continent is therefore plagued with a large number of social problems. These problems include poor governance, corruption, poverty, unemployment, high population growth, insecurity, drought and famine, illiteracy, diseases and infections among others. Some scholars attribute the problem to colonial factors, while others to neocolonialis...

Health is a fundamental need of every individual, society or country. The source and organisation of healthcare is a significant factor that determines how effective and efficient the delivery of healthcare can be. They also influence the extent of utilisation by the people. This is why policymakers and responsive governments make efforts at develo...

The article is set on the rising level of involvement of Kontagora's youths, especially females in the abuse of formally processed, produced and distributed drugs and locally made substances

The scourge of substance abuse is not new across human societies, Nigeria inclusive. However, abuse of drugs and other substances in the past are connected with men folk. In contemporary Nigeria, the misuse or abuse of substances both locally and industrially processed is in the recent years becoming popular among female youths. The study examined...

Pastoral nomads constitute a distinct demographic in Africa, with distinct health characteristics and disease vulnerabilities that set them apart from other nomadic populations around the world. In health discourse, pastoral nomads have been neglected historically, despite their constituting an important public health category and sociological grou...

Culture has a tremendous influence on all aspects of health, healthcare and health-seeking behaviors. As such, discourses of health in Africa are incomplete without the contextualization of African cultural discourse. Using a macroanalytic approach, this chapter presents a broad account of African cultures and their impacts on health. Traditions, c...

Traditional medicine is an important part of healthcare delivery in Africa. Although a substantial majority still rely on this kind of healing as their primary source of healthcare, the practice is fraught with a number of paradoxes. This chapter addresses the meaning, contributions, challenges and progress of traditional medicine as an alternative...

One of the critical areas of healthcare and rights is sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). This area unites several health and social issues including contraceptive use, maternal and child health, sexual transmitted diseases (STDs), family planning, population pressures, abortion, teenage pregnancy, gender equality, education, marriage...

In the broadest sense, the field of the political economy of health examines relationships between socio-economic systems and healthcare performances. A nation’s healthcare system (capitalist-cum-neoliberal, socialist-cum-socialized, or two-tier) has profound implications for the health indicators of any nation. The argument is also in line with th...