Jimmy C. K. Tong

Jimmy C. K. Tong
Arup | Arup

BME MSME PhD

About

61
Publications
15,473
Reads
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1,067
Citations
Introduction
Dr. Jimmy Tong is East Asia Energy Skill Leader and an Associate at Arup focusing on Building Sustainability. An industrial leader in the energy business, Dr. Tong has applied his expertise in energy systems in various sectors, including wind and renewable energy, infrastructure and building services, and product and system development in the manufacturing of electronics, ventilation equipment, and filtration equipment. Dr. Tong’s current focus is creating and transforming buildings toward a greener future.
Additional affiliations
June 2013 - present
Arup
Position
  • Associate
Education
September 2003 - February 2006
University of Minnesota
Field of study
  • Mechanical Engineering

Publications

Publications (61)
Article
Full-text available
Excessive temperatures can result in the collapse of structural components, cracking, scaling, and condensation in heritage building structures. Numerous unregenerated residential heritage buildings use portable heaters to adjust the indoor temperature for the comfort of occupants. However, research on the impact of heaters on the preservation of h...
Article
The use of artificial light at night (ALAN) enables social and commercial activities for urban living. However, the excessive usage of lighting causes nuisance and waste of energy. Light is provided to illuminate target areas on the street level where activities take place, yet light can also cause trespass to residents at the floors above. While r...
Article
Light pollution in recent years has drawn surging public concerns in Hong Kong. The improper management of the light sources causes pollution, particularly light trespass on the community level, which obstructs the residents. Yet more studies are expected to quantitatively and systematically assess the severity of the artificial light trespass prob...
Article
With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to energy wastage. Although more awareness has been raised, there are not many regulations and guid...
Article
Underground heritage sites generally experience significant humidity, which results in the destruction of the surfaces and structures. This study establishes an underground heritage site preservation mechanism through a dynamic ventilation system based on digital twin technology. The aim is to control the relative humidity (RH) gradually on the air...
Article
Full-text available
When studying Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in commercial buildings by conducting Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the solution domain usually includes studied rooms or floor volumes only. The air shafts connected to the studied room and floor were rarely considered. Previous studies, which focused on analysis and simulation of air moveme...
Article
Full-text available
Thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) are important to occupants’ wellbeing. Sensors are deployed for pollutant exposure assessments and long-term IAQ monitoring. How to optimize sensor placements in single rooms has been studied. However, limited studies on sensor placement in a multi-zone indoor environment have been conducted. On a typica...
Article
Underground heritage sites generally experience significant humidity, which results in the destruction of the surfaces and structures. This study establishes an underground heritage site preservation mechanism through a dynamic ventilation system based on digital twin technology. The aim is to control the relative humidity (RH) gradually on the air...
Article
Full-text available
Shopping malls in Hong Kong are usually located near major roads. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in these buildings is subject to infiltration of outdoor traffic-related pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO2. Furthermore, the existence of indoor sources and building geometry added to the complexity of variations in IAQ. To understand outdoor infil...
Article
Mongolia is experiencing unprecedented urbanization along with recent economic growth. Ulaanbaatar is known to be the coldest capital in the world and heating demand is very high during the long winter season. Due to the increase of coal burning to provide heat, there is an urgent need to improve housing and to reduce energy use and air pollution....
Article
Metabolically active bacteria within built environments are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the active airborne bacterial microbiota and compare the total and active microbiota in eight mechanically ventilated buildings over four consecutive seasons using the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) and the 16S rRNA (rRNA), respectively. The relative...
Article
Full-text available
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for performing indoor airflow analysis. The simulation results are usually validated with measurement results for accuracy in reflecting reality. When conducting CFD for simulating air flow in a multiple-zone indoor environment with different boundary conditions in different regions, the validat...
Article
Studies of the indoor airborne microbiome have mostly been confined to a single location and time point. Here, we characterized, over the course of a year, the geographic variation, building-function dependence, and dispersal characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne microbiomes (bacterial members only) of eight mechanically ventilated commerc...
Article
Full-text available
It is important to monitor the indoor air quality and thermal comfort of an office environment for the wellbeing of its occupants, and, to do so, computational fluid dynamics simulation is more cost-effective than measuring an entire floor. Computational fluid dynamics simulation has been used by previous studies for single rooms and partitioned sp...
Article
Vertical City Air Purification System was designed to reduce the aerosol counts at the playground next to a major traffic road. Columns with air grilles are arranged in circle to create a close loop system. Computational simulation is adopted to study three scenarios. The first simulation covers conventional wind block technology, where strong wind...
Article
During winter-time in Mongolia, the air pollution is so severe that it threatens the citizens’ health. Ulaanbaatar is the capital city of Mongolia, and its population represents about half of the total population of Mongolia. The majority of people in the Ger area, approximately 50% of population of Ulaanbaatar, rely on direct coal burning to gener...
Chapter
The ocean is a convenient and reliable source of electricity generation, especially for coastal cities. Marine energy has received much attention globally and is being developed as a viable source of renewable energy. While high tidal and fast water current would yield large energy generation, not all locations possess these advantages. With differ...
Article
Full-text available
Currently, there is little information pertaining to the airborne bacterial communities of green buildings. In this case study, the air bacterial community of a zero carbon building (ZCB) in Hong Kong was characterized by targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Bacteria associated with the outdoor environment dominated the indoor airborne bacterial...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Worsening air pollution poses a large and growing public health problem. More than 80% of people currently live in urban areas with air quality levels that exceed WHO particulate matter (PM) concentration limits. They are subjected to a higher risk of cardiac arrests, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and asthma....
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Urbanization in East Asia is growing at an unprecedented rate. Growing Asian cities sustainably will shape the world's path to environmental sustainability and benefit future generations. Apart from the challenges of adopting technologies suited to local climate conditions, the energy needs of high-rise buildings differ from that of low-rise buildi...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The World Health Organisation (WHO) stated that air pollution is the world's largest single environmental health risk, and this risk is particularly high in urban areas (WHO, 2014). Heavy traffic, high population density and packed city morphology with deep street canyons have resulted in a very high level of harmful outdoor pollutants in major cit...
Book
Building Sustainability in East Asia: Policy, Design and People illustrates the holistic approaches and individual strategies to building sustainability that have been implemented in construction projects in Asia. Top-down and bottom-up approaches (from formulating policy to constructing individual buildings) are effective in terms of the sustainab...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The general lifetime of a typical building is 50 years or more [1]. While construction takes 4-5 years in general, around 90% or more of a building life time requires maintenance. However, there are minimal tools developed to monitor operating energy losses and built environment quality degradation for both facility managers and occupants. There is...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Most of residents are working and living in high-rise towers and residential apartment blocks. Due to different uses and different heights of buildings, the pressure in local municipal fresh water supply pipelines is usually very high (6-8 bar) to ensure consistent water supply thro...
Conference Paper
The ability to predict the potential energy resource is crucial in the early stages of marine renewable energy projects. In practice, while specific site data are essential, the ability to create localised models of sufficient accuracy to predict the local resource is also important to aid initial device development and project feasibility assessme...
Article
Calculations of convection heat transfer coefficients between a fluid in crossflow and two-dimensional square-cylindrical objects have been performed using numerical simulation. Some calculations included geometries with chamfered corners while others were sharp-edged. The numerical model allows a systematic study of various angles of attack and le...
Article
As the rate of urbanisation around the world, especially in China, accelerates, the air pollution problem becomes increasingly urgent. Controlling pollution sources from centralised locations like power plants, and distributed locations like vehicles, are both essential ways to tackle the problem. However, given the long process of changing regulat...
Article
The objective of this work is to investigate the microbial abundance and diversity of bacteria in the bioaerosols within the Zero Carbon Building (ZCB) in Hong Kong with culture-independent high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. In addition, microbial communities between different variable groups based on building characteristics and architectu...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
世界各地城市化的速度,尤其是中国,比以往任何时候都前所未有地快,而这个扩张 的代价,是我们身边比以往都更为严重的空气污染。由于空气污染问题比以往更加迫 切,控制例如发电厂的集中污染源头和例如车辆的分布污染源头,是处理这个问题必 不可少的方法。随着漫长的收紧监管以控制污染源的过程,针对性的应对措施可能是 一个短期的解决方案,给人们一个喘息的空间。一种创新的城市空气净化系统由奥雅 纳与信和绿色共同研发,旨在建立更清洁与健康的环境,应对路边污染。该发明正在 申请专利,并同时安装在香港交通繁忙的路边进行效能测试。令人鼓舞的结果表明, 该系统能够在各种环境条件下,在系统范围内减少空气污染物实时浓度的30%至70%。
Article
Full-text available
A comprehensive study of the drag forces acting on flat-sided columns is presented. The study considers a range of plane-sided column sections, from a sharp-cornered square section to varying degrees of corner chamfering and a full octagonal section. All chamfering was found to reduce the drag compared with the sharp-cornered case. It was also foun...
Article
As worldwide carbon emissions set another record high, it is more urgent than ever to formulate and execute plans for carbon reduction. The building industry contributes around 40% of the carbon emissions worldwide and 67% in Hong Kong, with its high urban density. While existing technologies contribute to the realisation of many zero carbon buildi...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Even with our advancement in building technology, the building industry still faces challenges in continuing to reduce energy use while maintaining satisfactory services to occupants. One common observation from studies around the world that benchmark building energy use is the deviation between the design value and actual measurement. Occupant beh...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The Built Environment Modelling (BEM) technique is widely adopted in building physics design. BEM estimates various environmental factors including air movement, natural lighting harvest, solar heat gain, thermal comfort, airconditioning performance, etc. These multi-dimensional aspects are integrated in order to come up with design options. Furthe...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Hong Kong Green Building Council's HK3030 is a demand-side management initiative to building energy consumption, with the target of 30% reduction in building electricity consumption by 2030. This approach involves classifying building stocks according to their potential for adopting energy efficient strategies, as well as tailoring strategies that...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In today's world, few will doubt that climate change is our greatest challenge. It is a problem so immense that it can radically alter our world and the way we live in it. In the last few decades, developers have been actively engaged in applying innovative ideas in low to zero carbon building projects that aims to reduce emissions and mitigate glo...
Conference Paper
With a rapid growth of urban population it is highly likely that high-rise and even ultra high-rise buildings will become even more popular in the future to meet demand, which also requires the need to achieve efficient land and construction materials use. However, with buildings of such high occupation intensity, the need to develop systems that c...
Chapter
Buildings consume more than 40% of global energy use and are responsible for 33% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Hong Kong, being one of the most densely populated cities in the world, has buildings consuming over 90% of total electricity annually. Out of the various renewable energy sources, solar power using photovoltaic cells is considered t...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The need for energy audit is due to the factors of building codes and regulations, economics, environment, energy security and resources depletion. In Hong Kong, 91% of energy consumption is from buildings and it is increasing based on the Hong Kong End-use data provided by Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. Operation or building occupa...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
To go beyond the design requirement for the BEAM plus or LEED building assessment systems, innovative design strategies are made possible by parametric design modelling. The parametric approach makes use of integration of multi-dimensional aspects and various design parameters to enhance the built environment modelling. This approach is used early...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In today's world, few will doubt that climate change is our greatest challenge. It is a problem so immense that it can radically alter our world and the way we live in it. In the last few decades, developers have been actively engaged in applying innovative ideas in low to zero carbon building projects that aims to reduce emissions and mitigate glo...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC) is proposing a holistic approach based on demand side management of electricity consumption to reduce 30% of the absolute amount of the electricity used in buildings in 2030, and this campaign is called HK3030. This holistic approach involves classifying the building stocks according to their size, age, usag...
Article
A transition model for internal flows which enables the prediction of the change of flow regime from turbulent through intermittent to laminar has been implemented by numerical simulation. This model had previously been demonstrated to be effective for the prediction of the breakdown of an initially laminar internal flow and its subsequent transiti...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A model for predicting fluid flow and convective heat transfer in all flow regimes has been implemented for steady mainflows in pipes and ducts of constant cross section. The key feature of the model is its capability to predict transitions between purely laminar and purely turbulent flow, while the latter flows are also predicted with high accurac...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The all-flow-regime model of fluid flow, previously applied in [1] to flows with axially and temporally uniform Reynolds numbers, has been implemented here for flows in which the Reynolds number may either vary with time or along the length of a pipe. In the former situation, the timewise variations were driven by a harmonically oscillating inlet f...
Chapter
Full-text available
A multi-regime fluid flow model for internal flows has been applied to several pipe and duct problems. The investigated flow regimes and inter-regime transformations include fully laminar and fully turbulent, laminarization, and turbulentization. The model auto-selects both the flow regimes and the inter-regime transformations. It was employed here...
Book
Full-text available
A multi-regime fluid flow model for internal flows has been applied to several pipe and duct problems. The investigated flow regimes and inter-regime transformations include fully laminar and fully turbulent, laminarization, and turbulentization. The model auto-selects both the flow regimes and the inter-regime transformations. This book studies bo...
Article
The focus of this investigation is to identify strategies whose application is capable of perfecting manifold design to achieve the same rate of mass outflow through each of the exit ports of a distribution manifold. A quantitative systematic study based on numerical simulation is performed in which each of eight proposed strategies is evaluated wi...
Article
A predictive theory is presented which is capable of providing quantitative results for the heat transfer coefficients in round pipes for the three possible flow regimes: laminar, transitional, and turbulent. The theory is based on a model of laminar-to-turbulent transition which is also viable for purely laminar and purely turbulent flow. Fully de...
Article
Full-text available
10 Attention is focused on physical situations in which separate zones of laminar and turbulent flow coexist within a given device. The specific motivating application for this study is a complex fluid-flow manifold used in the thermal management of electronic equipment. The adopted approach to the solution of this fluid-flow problem was to employ...
Article
Full-text available
Numerical simulation was used to investigate natural convection in rectangular enclosures ranging in aspect ratio from tall, narrow shapes to flat, wide shapes. For each of the selected aspect ratios, the Rayleigh number was varied over a range of approximately four decades. Two fundamental thermal boundary conditions were considered. One of these,...
Article
Full-text available
The breakdown of laminar pipe flow into transitional intermittency is predicted numerically here for the first time. Subsequent to transitional intermittency, a fully developed regime is achieved wherein the flow may be either intermittent or fully turbulent. Fully developed friction factors are predicted as a function of the Reynolds number throug...
Article
Full-text available
A logic-based systematic method of designing manifold systems to achieve flowrate uniformity among the channels that interconnect a distribution manifold and a collection manifold has been developed, implemented, and illustrated by case studies. The method is based on tailoring the flow resistance of the individual channels to achieve equal pressur...
Article
Full-text available
This paper sets forth a fully validated analytical method for determining the fluid flow in a multi-inlet collection manifold. The method is based on first principles, the conservation laws for mass and momentum, and does not require any empirical inputs. Although it is necessary to use numerical means to extract results from the model, the solutio...
Article
Full-text available
When a stent is implanted in a blocked ureter, the urine passing from the kidney to the bladder must traverse a very complicated flow path. That path consists of two parallel passages, one of which is the bore of the stent and the other is the annular space between the external surface of the stent and the inner wall of the ureter. The flow path is...
Article
An experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the operating performance of a rotating regenerative total energy wheel (TEW). A total energy wheel is a device which conserves both sensible and latent energies. It transfers heat from a warmer to a cooler airstream while simultaneously transferring moisture from a more humid to a les...
Article
Average Nusselt number information was collected for all textbook-standard, non-circular cylinders in cross-flow in air. These non-circular cross-sections include: squares, diamonds, flat plates perpendicular to the freestream, ellipses, hexagons, rectangles, and circles. This collection encompassed both venerable data which form the basis of the c...
Article
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 2006. Major: Mechanical engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-155)

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