Jik Nihom

• Medical Doctor at Medisch Spectrum Twente

Aerotoxic Syndrome may develop as a result of chronic, low-level exposure to organophosphates (OPs) and volatile organic compounds in the airplane cabin air, caused by engine oil leaking past wet seals. Additionally, acute high-level exposures, so-called "fume events,” may occur. However, air quality monitoring studies concluded that levels of inha...

Aerotoxic Syndrome may develop as a result of chronic, low-level exposure to organophosphates (OPs) and volatile organic compounds in the airplane cabin air, caused by engine oil leaking past wet seals. Additionally, acute high-level exposures, so-called "fume events," may occur. However, air quality monitoring studies concluded that levels of inha...

Chronic low-level exposure to toxic compounds in airplane cabin air may result in Aerotoxic Syndrome (AS). Aetiologic agents are organophosphates and numerous volatile organic hydrocarbons originating from leaks of engine oil and hydraulic fluids. Despite a documented history spanning decades, the role of carbon monoxide remains controversial. What...

Objective: Exposure to repetitive sports-related concussions or (sub)concussive head trauma may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Which impact (heading or concussion) poses the greatest risk of CTE development in soccer players? Design: Narrative review. Setting: Teaching hospital and University of Applied sciences. Patients: A...

Objectives Amyoplasia congenita is the most frequent type of arthrogryposis causing fetal hypokinesia, leading to congenital contractures at birth. The pathogenesis is thought to be impaired blood circulation to the fetus early in pregnancy, with hypotension and hypoxia damaging the anterior horn cells. In animal studies however a prenatal infectio...

The term aerotoxic syndrome has been proposed to describe a constellation of symptoms reported by pilots and cabin crew following exposure to possible (neuro)toxic substances in cabin air. Several organ systems are involved. Potentially toxic chemicals emanate from hydraulic fluids and engine oil and include organophosphate compounds, solvents and...

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With air travel continuing after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as before, is there a risk of in-flight-transmission? We found 18 papers describing a total number of 306 index patients on 150 flights, 79 infected passengers and four infected cabin crew. Infection transmission within the aircraft cabin depends on flight occupancy, proximity to the index pa...

Background: Only in 7-15% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), traumatic CT-abnormalities are found. Nevertheless, 40% of mTBI patients suffer from posttraumatic complaints not resolving after 6 months. We discuss the ability of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), sensitive for microbleeds, to detect more subtle brain abnormalit...

Objective The objective of this article was to compare children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 13 with children presenting with GCS 14 and 15 and GCS 9 to 12. Data Source We searched PubMed for clinical studies of children of 0 to 18 years of age with mild TBI (mTBI) and moderate TBI, published in English langu...

CT scan reveals traumatic intracranial abnormalities in fewer than 10% of patients following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Management policy in these patients is not clear. Clinical or radiological deterioration occurs in 10-20% of this risk group, usually within 24 hours and often without neurosurgical consequences. Patients with mTBI and su...

Introduction: The term aerotoxic syndrome (ATS) was proposed 20 years ago to describe a constellation of symptoms reported by pilots and cabin crew following exposure to hydraulic fluids, engine oil, and pyrolysis products during flight. Hydraulic fluids and engine oil contain a large number of potentially toxic chemicals, including various organop...

Introduction: “Aerotoxic syndrome” is a debated entity. Regulatory authorities consider long-term health effects to be an unlikely consequence of exposure to contaminated air because several air quality monitoring studies report low concentrations of toxic chemicals in cabin air. We describe two pilots and one flight attendant, who developed ill he...

Two women, 29 and 30 years of age, who had visited Indonesia and Thailand, respectively, during the summer, presented with diarrhoea, headache, fever and later neurological symptoms. The first patient had to be sedated because of restlessness and was admitted to the intensive-care unit for intravenous antimicrobial therapy; the second became comato...