Jiji Janardhanan

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Department of Anatomy

Zebrafish have gained momentum as a leading experimental model in recent years. At present, the zebrafish vertebrate model is increasingly used due to its multifactorial similarities to humans that include genetic, organ, and cellular factors. With the emergence of novel research techniques that are very expensive, it is necessary to develop afford...

Neurodegenerative disorders are the major challenges faced by the global health care system in recent years. It is a well-known fact that a number of environmental as well as lifestyle factors are responsible for neurodegenerative diseases and the contribution by aluminium (Al) plays a major role in this. A diet containing considerably high traces...

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar los parámetros anatómicos del pedículo S1 en la población India del sur para comparar los datos con respecto a los géneros masculinos y femeninos. El estudio incluyó 50 sacros secos (25 hombres y 25 mujeres) que se obtuvieron en el laboratorio de anatomía de nuestra institución. En el presente es...

The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of temporal bone and prevalence of elongated styloid process. The morphology of elongated styloid process along with its embryological and clinical importance are discussed. The present study included 110 human dry skulls which were procured from the bone collections of...

Introduction: The objective was to find incidence of "vermian fossa" of skull in Indian population and to study its morphology and morphometry. Materials and Methods: The present study included 35 specimens which comprised 20 cranial bases and 15 occipital bones. The inner aspects of posterior cranial fossa were examined to find the presence of the...

Purpose: The objectives were to study the morphometry of occipital condyles and to find the incidence of third occipital condyle in Indian skulls. Materials and methods: In the present study, 140 occipital condyles from 70 dry skulls were analysed. The length, width, height of occipital condyles, the anterior and posterior intercondylar distance...

Among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot and deep peroneal nerve supplies the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The present rare case was observed during routine dissection of leg for undergraduate students, in a 52-year-old male, formal...

Awareness of the anatomy and variations of the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand is necessary when assessing the traumatized or diseased hand and when considering tendons for repair or transfer. A complete quantitative documentation of the extensor tendons is lacking. The arrangements of extensor tendons to the medical four fingers namely,...

To study the anatomy of zygomatico-orbital, zygomatico-facial and zygomatico temporal foramina in south Indian population. 50 dry adult skulls of south Indian origin were studied. The number of ZO, ZF and ZT were recorded on each side. The distances of these foramina to the nearest palpable bony points, infero-lateral angle of the orbit and infra-o...

To study the incidence of accessory foramina transversaria in cervical spine and to analyze them morphologically with emphasize on their embryological and surgical importance. MATERIAL and The study included 363 human cervical vertebrae which were procured from the bone collections of the Department of Anatomy. The foramen transversarium was observ...

Objective To find out variations in the deep forearm flexors that are associated with anomalous origin of the first lumbrical muscle. Introduction Muscular anomalies of the upper extremity could cause peripheral nerve disorders. Although variations in the attachments of lumbrical muscles have been commonly studied, muscle with an additional origin...

Introduction: The traditional definition of superficial palmar arch consists of linkage between the superficial palmar branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. But it is interesting to know that this is not always the most commonly observed morphology. In the present study, the objective was to study the morphological variants of the superficial...

Anterior cerebral artery, one of the terminal branches of the internal carotid artery is an important vessel taking part in the formation of circle of Willis. It supplies a large part of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere containing the areas of motor and somatosensory cortices of the lower limb. Aim of this study was the morphometry of...

The plantaris muscle (PM) and its tendon is subject to considerable variation in both the points of origin and of insertion. The present study was carried out to fi nd the different types of origin, insertion and possible variations of the PM in the population of southern costal region of India. 52 embalmed (Formalin fixed) cadaver lower limbs of 2...

Abductor pollicis longus is known for its variations in the form of multiple tendons at its insertion. The present case reports about a variation in the origin of abductor pollicis longus (APL) which has not been cited in the medical literature until date. It has been shown that the intersection area where the APL and extensor pollicis brevis cross...

Variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid artery (ECA) are well known and documented. The variation in the present case was compared with those reported before. An anomalous unilateral variation in the branching pattern of the left ECA was observed in a male embalmed cadaver. In this case, the ECA gives a direct branch directly to...

The incidence of variations of falx cerebelli was studied in 52 adult cadavers of south Indian origin, at Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, after removal of calvaria. In eight (15.4%) cases, we observed duplicated falx cerebelli along with duplicated occipital sinus and internal occipital crest. The length and the distance between each of the fal...

Knowledge of the varying drainage patterns of superficial veins of head & neck, in particular, jugular veins are not only important for anatomists but also for the surgeons operating at this level and to clinicians in general. The variations are important for interventional radiologists too who perform transjugular procedures, such as port implanta...

Arterial variations of distal parts of lower extremities are well-documented and can be demonstrated with the help of Doppler ultrasound or by arteriography. However, absence or variation of posterior tibial artery is considered a rare finding. We present a case of hypoplastic posterior tibial artery that terminated by supplying soleus muscle. The...

The male gonadal arteries, namely the testicular arteries, may vary at their origin and arise from the renal artery, suprarenal artery or lumbar artery. They may also be doubled, tripled or even quadrupled and may arise as a common trunk. With the advent of new intra-abdominal operative and laparoscopic techniques, the anatomy of the gonadal vessel...

The extensor digitorum brevis manus, a supernumerary muscle in the fourth extensor compartment of the dorsum of the wrist, is a relatively rare anomalous muscle. Extensor digitorum brevis should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses on the dorsal aspect of the hand as it may mimic cystic, neoplastic, inflammatory, and infe...

Kiloh-Nevin syndrome caused by compressive neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm is believed to occur because of its compression by the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (FPLah). Gantzer described two accessory muscles, the more frequent is the FPLah and the less frequently observed is the flexor digitorum profundus ac...

The knowledge of anatomical variations of the vascular junction between the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery is surgically significant. A case of unusually long dorsal pancreatic artery that originated from the common hepatic artery and directly anastomosed with the middle colic artery thus forming a rarely reported variant of Bühler's a...

During routine cadaveric dissection of the flexor compartment of the right arm, multiple supernumerary muscles were observed in a 56-year-old male cadaver. There were three supernumerary muscles took taking origin independently from the humerus distally to the insertion of coracobrachialis muscle. The upper two supernumerary muscles were attached t...

During routine cadaveric dissection of the flexor compartment of the right arm, multiple supernumerary muscles were observed in a 56-year-old male cadaver. There were three supernumerary muscles took taking origin independently from the humerus distally to the insertion of coracobrachialis muscle. The upper two supernumerary muscles were attached t...

Knowledge of the varying drainage patterns of superficial veins of head & neck, in particular, jugular veins are not only important for anatomists but also for the surgeons operating at this level and to clinicians in general. The variations are important also for interventional radiologists, who perform trans-jugular procedures, such as port impla...

A variation in the branching of the coeliac trunk was found in which the coeliac trunk gave four arteries, the common hepatic, splenic, left gastric and an additional dorsal pancreatic artery. One of the branches of the dorsal pancreatic artery joined with the right gastroepiploic artery close to its origin to form Kirk's arcade. The clinical impli...

The arterial vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract comprises mainly three arteries, the coeliac trunk, and both superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The anastomoses joining these three levels of arteries are welldocumented and include arcades of Riolan, Villemin, Bühler, and marginal artery of Drummond. These provide efficient collate...

The profunda femoris artery is normally accompanied by a profunda femoris vein (deep femoral vein), which begins at the adductor magnus with various tributaries and drains into the femoral vein at the femoral triangle. Very rarely, the profunda femoris vein establishes communication with the popliteal vein. We present an anomalous profunda femoris...

The occipital bone is ontogenetically and functionally unique when compared to the other bones of the skull in humans and other mammalian cousins. The occipital bone develops from six ossification centers; any defect in the ossification process will give rise to mendosal suture (accessory suture) and conditions like posterior plagiocephaly. There i...

In most of the medical colleges in India, unclaimed bodies from various mortuaries reach the dissection hall; and here, the body donors club has yet to gain the desired dimensions. In spite of all the adverse circumstances, the cadaver and the dissection both have survived the most rigorous test of pedagological fitness--the test of time. Today, ma...

Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common but with the invention of new operative techniques within the abdominal cavity, the anatomy of abdominal vessels has assumed much more clinical importance. During routine dissection of the abdominal cavity, we came across multiple arterial anomalies involving testicular and suprare...

An unusual variation of flexor digitorum superficialis was observed during the cadaver dissection. The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) had a normal origin and insertion, except to the index finger, where a muscle belly replaced the tendon of FDS. The unusual muscle belly originated as a continuation of FDS tendon in the carpal tunnel and inser...