Jigar Shah

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Assistant Professor at Nirma University

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous biphasic liquid systems stabilized by surfactants. They are physically transparent or translucent, optically isotropic, and kinetically stable, with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm. Their unique properties, such as high surface area, small droplet size, enhanced bioavailability, excellen...

Oral Topiramate therapy is associated with systemic adverse effects including paresthesia,abdominal pain, and fluctuations in plasma levels. The purpose of this research was to develop an intranasal in situ gel based system comprising Topiramate polymeric nanoparticles and evaluate its potential both in vitro and in vivo. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic a...

The oral bioavailability of sildenafil citrate is approximately 43%, primarily limited by the low aqueous solubility and first-pass effect. Considering the drug properties and biopharmaceutical considerations, this study aimed to develop an immediate release, taste masked orodispersible film (ODF) of sildenafil citrate for the efficient management...

Curcumin, an organic phenolic molecule that is extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn, has undergone extensive evaluation for its diverse biological activities in both animals and humans. Despite its favorable characteristics, curcumin encounters various formulation challenges and stability issues that can be effectively addressed throug...

The nose-to-brain drug-delivery system has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with conventional drug administration for central nervous system disorders. This emerging field is driven by the anatomical advantages of the nasal route, enabling the direct transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain, thereby...

Biopharmaceutical Classification System II drug, Ranolazine exhibits pH-dependent solubility and thus shows variable absorption along the gastrointestinal tract. Due to poor aqueous solubility particularly in basic pH, an attempt has been made to improve solubility through the cocrystallization technique. Cocrystals of Ranolazine with Nicotinamide...

Glioblastoma has been recognized as a most perilous and highly malignant type of primary brain tumor. The rapid progression brain tumor model was developed by direct intracranial administration of ENU at the different focal brain points in the rat brains. The GQD was synthesized by bottom-up technique and functionalized with Trastuzumab and Caspase...

Glioblastoma has been recognized as a most perilous and highly malignant type of primary brain tumor. The rapid progression brain tumor model was developed by direct intracranial administration of ENU at the different focal brain points in the rat brains. The GQD was synthesized by bottom-up technique and functionalized with Trastuzumab and Caspase...

The therapeutic effectiveness of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia has been limited by its poor oral bioavailability; hence, an alternative route could be appropriate. This study investigates the feasibility of developing a buccal film impregnated with paliperidone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and assesses the potential...

Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit remarkable potential in the diagnosis and treatment of various liver ailments, including primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. High surface area-to-volume ratio with distinct physicochemical and bio-pharmaceutical properti...

The efficacy of topical antifungal therapy in onychomycosis has been hindered by the failure of the antimycotic to permeate the nail plate. This research aims to design and develop a transungual system for the effective delivery of efinaconazole utilizing constant voltage iontophoresis. Seven prototype drug-loaded hydrogel formulations (E1–E7) were...

Clinical application of treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension is hampered by adverse effects caused by its high dosing frequency. The objective of this investigation was to Formulate an adhesive-type transdermal patch of treprostinil and evaluate it both in vitro and in vivo. A 3²-factorial design was utilized to optimize the selected ind...

Poor aqueous solubility besides extensive hepatic first effect significantly decreases the oral absorption of levosulpiride, which in turn minimizes its therapeutic effectiveness. Niosomes have been extensively investigated as a transdermal vesicular nanocarrier to increase the delivery of low permeable compounds into and across the skin. This rese...

Dolutegravir’s therapeutic effectiveness in the management of neuroAIDS is mainly limited by its failure to cross the blood–brain barrier. However, lipid-based nanovesicles such as nanoemulsions have demonstrated their potential for the brain targeting of various drugs by intranasal delivery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a Doluteg...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 20-50% of the global population. Available treatments are limited by their adverse effects. We investigated the anti-allergic effects of catechin alone and combined with cetirizine against ovalbumin-induced AR. Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin and received catechin (14 days) and then challenged with aerosolized ova...

The clinical efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in NeuroAIDS is primarily limited by the low perfusion of the drug to the brain. The objective of the current investigation was to design and develop an in situ mucoadhesive gel loaded with darunavir to assess the feasibility of brain targeting through the intranasal route. Preliminary batches (F1–F9)...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of solid dispersion adsorbate (SDA) to improve the solubility and bioavailability of rivaroxaban (RXN). SDA of RXN was developed by fusion method using PEG 4000 as carrier and Neusilin as adsorbent. A 32 full factorial design was utilized to formulate various SDAs. The selected indepe...

Biopolymeric‐based nanocomposites are developed as unique category of materials, which are also known as “nanobiocomposites (NBCs).” Sustainable properties of NBCs have increased the interest of scientists in the past few years. NBCs are grouped based on different parameters, such as source, shape of fortifications, size, and kinds of matrix utiliz...

Due to complicated anatomical and physical properties, targeted drug delivery to ocular tissues continues to be a key challenge for formulation scientists. Various attempts are currently being made to improve the in vivo performance of therapeutic molecules by encapsulating them in various nanocarrier systems or devices and administering them via i...

Being a biopharmaceutics classification system class II drug, the absorption of sertraline from the gut is mainly limited by its poor aqueous solubility. The objective of this investigation was to improve the solubility of sertraline utilizing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and developing it into a tablet dosage form. Ternary p...

Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, is frequently indicated in the management of demented conditions associated with Alzheimer disease. The major hurdle of delivering this drug through the oral route is its poor bioavailability, which prompted the development of novel delivery approaches for improved efficacy. Due to numerous benef...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of solid dispersion adsorbate to improve the solubility and bioavailability of rivaroxaban (RXN). Solid dispersion adsorbate (SDA) of RXN was developed by fusion method using PEG 4000 as carrier and Neusilin as adsorbent. A 3 ² full factorial design was utilized to formulate various S...

Topical therapy of antifungals is primarily restricted due to the low innate transport of drugs through the thick multi-layered keratinized nail plate. The objective of this investigation was to develop a gel formulation, and to optimize and evaluate the transungual delivery of terbinafine using the constant voltage iontophoresis technique. Statist...

Asenapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, has been approved for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes of bipolar disorder. However, the extensive hepatic metabolism limits its oral bioavailability. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to develop sublingual film containing asenapine to enhance...

Buccal mucosal membrane offers an attractive drug-delivery route to enhance both systemic and local therapy. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of buccal drug delivery, anatomical and physiological aspects of oral mucosa, and various in vitro techniques frequently used for examining buccal drug-delivery systems. The role of mucoadhesi...

Graphene quantum dot possesses advantageous characteristics like tunable fluorescence, nanometer size, low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility enabling them as an ideal material for fluorescence bio-imaging. It exhibits a unique characteristic of DNA cleavage activity enhancer, gene/drug carrier, and anticancer targeting applications. In this artic...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most perilous and highly malignant in all types of brain tumor. Regardless of the treatment, the diagnosis of the patients in GBM is very poor. The average survival rate is only 21 months after multimodal combinational therapies include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Due to the intrusive and infiltrative nature of G...

The oral administration of naproxen, a non-steroidal analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drug, is associated with various gastrointestinal side effects including peptic ulcer and gastritis. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the prospective of transdermal delivery of naproxen using proniosomes as a vesicular carrier and its...

The reduced therapeutic efficacy of rizatriptan in migraine treatment is primarily due to low oral bioavailability and extensive first pass metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to optimize the thin mucoadhesive buccal film of rizatriptan and assess the practicability of its development as a potential substitute for conventional migrain...

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are being extensively exploited as topical ocular carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study investigated the prospects of drug-loaded SLNs to increase the ocular permeation and improve the therapeutic potential of clarithromycin in topical ocular therapy. SLNs were formulated by high-speed...

Being a candidate of BCS class II, dolutegravir (DTG), a recently approved antiretroviral drug, possesses solubility issues. The current research was aimed to improve the solubility of the DTG and thereby enhance its efficacy using the solid dispersion technique. In due course, the miscibility study of the drug was performed with different polymers...

In situ gels have been extensively explored as ocular drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. The objective of present study was to design, formulate and evaluate ion-activated in situ gel to enhance the ocular penetration and therapeutic performance of moxifloxacin in ophthalmic delivery. A simplex lattice design was utilized...

The popularity of hydrogels as biomaterials lies in their tunable physical properties, ability to encapsulate small molecules and macromolecular drugs, water holding capacity, flexibility, and controllable degradability. Functionalization strategies to overcome the deficiencies of conventional hydrogels and expand the role of advanced hydrogels suc...

Objective: To assess the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta (A.) indica in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Thirty-five prepubertal female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with 7 animals in each group. Group 1 received 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose orally. Groups 2 to 5 received t...

COVID-19 has resulted in a pandemic after its first appearance in a pneumonia patient in China in early December 2019. As per WHO, this global outbreak of novel COVID-19 has resulted in 28,329,790 laboratory-confirmed cases and 911,877 deaths which have been reported from 210 countries as on 12 th Sep 2020. The major symptoms at the beginning of CO...

Oral therapy of tramadol, an opiate analgesic, undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and requires frequent administration. Transdermal therapy by virtue can overcome these issues and can improve the efficacy and reduce abuse liability of tramadol. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of transdermal delivery of tramadol by fo...

Sinigrin, a precursor of allyl isothiocyanate, present in the Raphanus sativus exhibits diverse biological activities, and has an immense role against cancer proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the sinigrin in the R. sativus roots using developed and validated RP-HPLC method and further evaluated its’ anticancer ac...

Estrogen is instrumental in the pathological process of osteoporosis because a deficiency of this hormone increases the release of bone-resorbing cytokines. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a constituent from Boswellia serrata, has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which leads to a decline...

The potential role of naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, in the treatment of chronic wound has prompted the present research to deliver the drug in nanoemulsion (NE) form, where synergistic role of chitosan was achieved through development of chitosan-coated NAR NE (CNNE). The NE consisted of Capryol 90, Tween 20 and Transcutol P, which was fab...

Transdermal delivery of insulin is a great challenge due to its poor permeability through the skin. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the prospective of insulin loaded niosome emulgel as a noninvasive delivery system for its transdermal therapy. A 2³ full-factorial design was used to optimize the insulin niosome emulgel by assess...

The 3D printing is considered as an emerging digitized technology that could act as a key driving factor for the future advancement and precise manufacturing of personalized dosage forms, regenerative medicine, prosthesis and implantable medical devices. Tailoring the size, shape and drug release profile from various drug delivery systems can be be...

Neurology and associated nanotherapeutics is a complex field in terms of therapeutics and neurological disorder complexity. The brain is an intricate appendage and requires more precise embattled treatment for the particular diseases and hence it’s a broad scale for developing more targeted drug deliveries. The brain is one of the most inaccessible...

Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor, has been recognized as one of the most lethal and fatal human tumors. It has a dismal prognosis, and survival after diagnosis is less than 15 months. Surgery and radiotherapy are the only available treatment options at present. However, numerous approaches have been made to upgrade in vivo and in v...

Low aqueous solubility is one of the major reasons for the poor clinical efficacy of carvedilol in oral therapy. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential of liquisolid compact technique to enhance the dissolution rates of carvedilol and thereby the bioavailability. Liquisolid compacts were prepared using polyethylene glyco...

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.022 Administration of almotriptan as an oral therapy is largely limited because of poor aqueous solubility and rather low bioavailability. The aim of present investigation was to formulate oral mucoadhesive film of almotriptan to improve the drug delivery and desired therapeutic effects. Placebo films (F1-F8)...

Rapid advancement in drug discovery process is leading to a number of potential new drug candidates having excellent drug efficacy but limited aqueous solubility. By virtue of the submicron particle size and distinct physicochemical properties, nanosuspension has the potential ability to tackle many formulation and drug delivery issues typically as...

Selective targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor site is beneficial in the pharmacotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the prospective of galactosylated chitosan nanoparticles as a liver-specific carrier to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in HCC by targeting asialoglycoprotein receptors expressed on h...

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) possesses excellent properties like gene delivery, drug delivery, anticancer activity, and DNA cleavage enhancer activity, the premise for cancer treatment. GQDs were prepared by the bottom-up technique. Carbodiimide amidation reaction intends for functionalization and conjugation of GQDs with Proteins/Antibodies target...

Due to the complex and diverse nature of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can contribute significantly to the overall improvement of clinical outcome in epilepsy. Establishing and interpreting an individual serum drug concentration range by TDM is beneficial to prevent recurrence of ep...

Despite the usefulness of glucocorticoids, they may cause hazardous side effects that limit their use. Searching for compounds that are as equally efficient as glucocorticoids, but with less side effects, the current study compared plant steroids, namely, glycyrrhetinic acid, guggulsterone, boswellic acid, withaferin A, and diosgenin with the class...

URL link: https://rdcu.be/bjmRj Objective Clinical utility of lornoxicam in oral therapy is primarily restricted by the low solubility and gastric adverse effects. This study evaluated the prospective of optimized proniosomal gel to improve the clinical efficacy of lornoxicam and compare with oral therapy. Methods Proniosomes were formulated by co...

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429830679/chapters/10.1201%2F9780429449437-6 This chapter provides a general description of neurological disorders and approaches for their treatment with an emphasis on polysaccharide nanocomposites. Nanoparticulate carrier systems have been assessed for their potential for delivering therapeutics or biomo...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S177322471830306X Clinical potential of palonosetron in oral therapy is mainly limited by low permeability. The purpose of this study was to develop oral mucoadhesive film with palonosetron and evaluate its prospective for buccal delivery. Films were prepared by solvent casting method using proloc...

Fast progression and poor diagnosis of brain tumors are still an encounter major health problem, in spite of the use of invasive resection surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in clinics. Growing tumor in surrounding peripheral tissues creates continuous changes of vasculogenesis and the tumor microenvironment could be an effective target in bra...

Link: http://rdcu.be/GFfH Therapeutic efficacy of zolmitriptan in oral therapy is primarily limited by the biopharmaceutical issues. The objective of this study is to design and optimize chitosan-based buccal bioadhesive system for the effective delivery of zolmitriptan in the treatment of migraine. Factorial design (32) is constructed and conducte...

physicochemical characteristics of candesartan cilexetil (CC) lead to incomplete oral absorption and poor clinical efficacy. This study assessed the prospect of the use of drug-embedded nanospheres to augment the oral bioavailability of CC. Baseline studies were conducted to measure the solubility of CC in the polymer. Drug-encapsulated poly(lactic...

Objective: To develop mucadhesive bilayer buccal patches of Verapamil Hydrochloride (VPH) to enhance its bioavailability and reduce its dosing frequency Methods: Mucoadhesive bilayered buccal patches of VPH were formulated using solvent casting method. Ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate were used for backing layer where as hydroxypropyl...

Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ-HCl) is a classical anti-motion sickness drug which has oral bioavailability (25 %) due to extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. To overcome this drawback, novel, fast dissolving sublingual film (FDSF) of drug was developed. FDSF was formulated using pullulan and propylene glycol (PG) by solvent casting method. Co...

Pulmonary route as a targeted drug delivery system cuts the edge over other routes of administration in terms of local, site specific, patient friendly, and needle free drug delivery. Pulmonary route minimizes the systemic toxicity of drugs administered and facilitates accomplishment of optimal drug concentrations at the site of action in asthma an...

Targeted delivery of drug molecule to lungs is being explored as an avenue for better & faster relief from pulmonary disorders. Montelukast sodium (MS), a leukotrine receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance therapy of asthma & providing symptomatic relief from seasonal allergies, in conventional formulation undergoes major hepatic first...

Wound is an injury usually resticted to physical one with disruption of normal continuity of structure. Water vapour permeable films were formulated using sodium alginate, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 15 cps and Carbopol 934P by solvent casting method. This film forms in-situ hydrdogel by absorbing exudates and adheres to keep wound moist and de...

Utilization of chemical penetration enhancers in conjunction with iontophoresis is regarded as the most effective method to enhance the passage of molecules across the skin barrier. A systematic approach to enhance the transdermal delivery of metoprolol tartrate and the subsequent release of the drug depot in the skin was investigated. Gel formulat...

Solid dispersions of valdecoxib were prepared with the objective of dissolution enhancement by melt granulation technique using polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP K 30) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) alone (1:1) and in combination (1:0.5:0.5). Phase solubility studies showed a linear increase in valdecoxib solubility with increase in polymer concentrat...

Defination And Introduction To The Transgenic System: Nowadays, breakthroughs in molecular biology are happening at an unprecedented rate. One of them is the ability to engineer transgenic animals. The term "transgenics" refers to the science of inserting a foreign gene into an organism's genome. An animal is "transgenic" once a scientist inserts D...

For decades microbial exopolysaccharides have been invaluable ingredients in the food industry, as well as having many attractive pharmaceutical and chemical applications. The biopolymer gellan is a more recent addition to the family of microbial polysaccharides that is gaining much importance due to its novel property of forming thermo-reversible...