Jiefeng Xu

Introduction Brain injury is a common sequela following cardiac arrest (CA), with up to 70% of hospitalized patients dying from it. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) play a crucial role in post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI). However, the effects and mechanisms of targeting BMVEC energy metabolism to mitigate brain injury remain u...

Background Following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, those survivors of cardiac arrest (CA) often suffer from severe brain injury, and the latter can result in significant mortality and morbidity. Emerging evidence implicates that ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of post‐resuscitation brain injury, and its regulatory mechanisms...

Background Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of limb injury caused by Deinagkistrodon acutus snakebite. Investigating its regulatory mechanisms and intervention strategies may uncover effective therapeutic approaches for this condition. Recent studies have identified pyroptosis as a key pathway exacerbating target organ damage...

Introduction Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a small molecular compound extracted from celery seeds, has been shown to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. Recent studies have highlighted its efficacy in treating various cardiovascular conditions, such as myocardial infarct...

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a common cause of mortality after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation; however, the specific underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore postresuscitation changes based on multi-omics profiling. A CA swine model was established, and the neurological function was assessed at 24 h...

Background Treatment of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) induced skeletal muscle injury remains a challenge. Previous studies have shown that octanoic acid is a promising treatment for ACS owing to its potential ability to regulate metabolic/epigenetic pathways in ischemic injury. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy and under...

Background Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common complications of musculoskeletal injury, leading to the necrosis and demise of skeletal muscle cells. Our previous study showed that embryonic stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ESC–MSCs) are novel therapeutics in ACS treatment. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rapidly...

Introduction: Sulforaphane (SFN), known as the activator of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway, has been proven to protect the lung against various pathological stimuli. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SFN on lung injury induced by systemic ischemia reperfusion following cardiac arres...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1057000.].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of tubastatin A (TubA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), on renal and intestinal injuries after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in swine. Methods: Twenty-five healthy male white swine were divided into Sham group (n = 6), CPR model group (n = 10) an...

Treatment of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR)-induced brain injury remains a challenging issue without viable therapeutic options. Octanoic acid (OA), a lipid oil that is mainly metabolized in the astrocytes of the brain, is a promising treatment for this type of injury owing to its potential functions against oxidative stress,...

Aim The primary mission of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to provide adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery for restoring spontaneous circulation from cardiac arrest (CA) events. Previously, studies demonstrated that chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV) improved systemic oxygen supply during CPR, and aortic balloon occlusion (...

Introduction: Alda-1, an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activator, has been shown to protect the lung against a variety of diseases including regional ischemia-reperfusion injury, severe hemorrhagic shock, hyperoxia, and so on. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Alda-1 treatment in alleviating lung injury after car...

Background Acute compartment syndrome (ACS), a well-known complication of musculoskeletal injury, results in muscle necrosis and cell death. Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ESC-MSCs) have been shown to be a promising therapy for ACS. However, their effectiveness and potentially protective mechanism remain unknown. The present st...

Background Myocardial dysfunction is the leading cause of early death following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in people with cardiac arrest (CA), which is potentially driven by cell pyroptosis mediated by NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Recently, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition was shown to exert eff...

Background Acute compartment syndrome (ACS), a well-known complication of musculoskeletal injury, results in muscle necrosis and cell death. Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ES-MSCs) have been shown to be a promising therapy for ACS. However, their effectiveness and potentially protective mechanism remain unknown. The present stu...

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has been proven to protect the heart and brain against regional ischemia/reperfusion injury, in which the protective role is related to the inhibition of pyroptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether an ALDH2 activator N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichloro-benzamide (Alda-1) would improve postresus...

Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the ensuing cardiac and cerebral injuries contribute to the poor outcome of cardiac arrest (CA) victims, in which the pathogenetic process is possibly driven by cell pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be a promising strategy for post-resuscitation cardiac and c...

Background We investigated the effectiveness of automated pupillometry on monitoring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and predicting return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a swine model of cardiac arrest (CA). Methods Sixteen male domestic pigs were included. Traditional indices including coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), end-tidal carbon...

Introduction: Systemic inflammation and intestinal injury contribute to post-resuscitation multiple organ dysfunction and death in cardiac arrest victims, and they can be partly alleviated by therapeutic hypothermia. Recently, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was shown to be an effective cooling method to induce fast hypothermia. In this...

Introduction: Following hemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA), the effectiveness of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would be weakened or lost due to an inadequate circulating volume. Previous investigations demonstrated that aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) could control the bleeding and increase proximal organ perfusion duri...

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is common in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound, known as a noninvasive and easily-performed method, has a growing role in the assessment of lung injury. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of lung ultrasound in monitorin...

Introduction: Systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury produced by CA and resuscitation can result in severe post-cardiac arrest syndrome; which includes systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome such as acute pulmonary edema. We previously demonstrated that remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIpostC) improved post-resuscit...

Introduction: The degree of post-resuscitation cerebral injury is an important determinant on the outcomes for CA victims.We previously demonstrated remote ischemic pre- and post-conditioning equally attenuated post-CPR cerebral dysfunction in a rat model. Here we investigated the effects of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIpostC) alone and com...

Objectives: Cardiac arrest and resuscitation are models of whole body ischemia reperfusion injury. Postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral dysfunction are major causes of high mortality and morbidity. Remote ischemic postconditioning has been proven to provide potent protection of the heart and brain against ischemia reperfusion injury. In this...

Objective: During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), myocardial blood flow generated by chest compression rarely exceeds 35% of its normal level. Cardiac output generated by chest compression decreases gradually with the prolongation of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Early studies have demonstrated that myocardial blood flow during CPR is lar...

We investigated the relationship between the severity of post-resuscitation myocardial tissue injury and myocardial dysfunction following the administration of epinephrine as well as the protective effects of α- and β- adrenergic blocking agents. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups: 1) placebo; 2) epinephrine; 3) epinephr...

An excessive and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response is associated with organ failure, immunodepression, and increased susceptibility to nosocomial infection following trauma. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a particularly prominent role in the host immune response after trauma with hemorrhage. However, as a result of its pleiotropic functions,...

Objective Post-resuscitation syndrome has been recognized as one of the major causes of the poor outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aims of this study were to investigate the intestinal microcirculatory changes following cardiopulmonary resuscitation and relate those changes to sublingual microcirculation and the severity of post-resusc...

To investigate the optimal rewarming rate following therapeutic hypothermia in a rate model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that mild therapeutic hypothermia following cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves myocardial and neurologic outcomes of cardiac arrest. However, the optimal rewarming s...

Objective: One of the major goals of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to provide adequate oxygen delivery to the brain for minimizing cerebral injury resulted from cardiac arrest. The optimal chest compression during CPR should effectively improve brain perfusion without compromising intracranial pressure (ICP). Our previous study has demons...

To investigate the mechanisms of improved myocardial and neurological function and survival following IV administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Prospective randomized controlled experimental study. University-affiliated research institute. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ventricular fibrillat...

Background: Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that mild therapeutic hypothermia(TH) following CPR improves myocardial and neurologic outcomes of cardiac arrest. However, the optimal rewarming strategy following TH remains to be explored. The present study investigated the optimal rewarming rate following TH in a rat model of CP...

Introduction: Remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RPC) has been demonstrated to provide powerful protection of the heart and the brain against ischemia reperfusion injury. However, it is not a practical use in the clinical settings of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. We investigated the effects of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RpostC) on post-r...

Introduction: Abnormalities in intestinal microvascular blood flow are of increasing interest during the post-resuscitation phase following cardiac arrest because of the critical role attributed to the intestine in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response, which potentially further aggravate post-resuscitation myocardial and cerebral dysf...

Introduction: The microcirculatory flow is a major determinant of tissue oxygen delivery. A significantly reduced microcirculatory flow has been described during and following hemorrhagic shock. We investigated whether remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) would improve microcirculation following severe hemorrhagic shock. Hypothesis: RIPC improve...

Introduction: We investigated whether remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) would reduce myocardial and cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries during and following hemorrhagic shock. Hypothesis: RIPC mitigates myocardial and neurological dysfunction as the result of K ATP channel activation. Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley rats were r...

Introduction: Previously, we demonstrated that the miniaturized mechanical chest compressor (MCC) improved hemodynamic efficacy and the success of CPR. Currently, we investigated the effects of the same device on cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure (ICP). Hypothesis: Mechanical chest compression with MCC would improve cerebral perfusion wi...

Introduction: Myocardial ischemic injury following severe hemorrhage shock is often represented by acute changes of ST-segment and fractional shortening (FS). In this study, we investigated whether remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) reduces myocardial ischemic injury by measuring changes in ST-segment and fractional shortening during and follo...

To avoid aggressive fluid resuscitation during hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation is best guided by a specific measurement of tissue perfusion. We investigated whether fluid resuscitation guided by sublingual PCO2 would reduce the amount of resuscitation fluid without compromising the outcomes of hemorrhagic shock. Ten male domestic pigs weighi...

Introduction: Mild hypothermia improves neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. However, systemic microcirculation is reduced with the reduction of body temperature. We investigated the changes of cerebral (CM) and sublingual microcirculation (SM) during hypothermia in a porcine model during spontaneous circulation and following successful card...

Introduction: Aggressive fluid resuscitation during hemorrhagic shock to restore normal levels of aortic pressure often results in volume overload. We investigated whether fluid resuscitation guided by sublingual PCO 2 (PslCO 2 ) would minimize volume overload without compromising the outcomes of hemorrhagic shock. Hypothesis: Fluid resuscitation g...

Objective: Non-selective cannabinoid (CB) 1/2 receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, has been demonstrated to produce pharmacological hypothermia and improved outcomes of CPR in a rat model. In this study, we compared the effects of pharmacological hypothermia induced by WIN 55,212-2 and physical hypothermia by surface cooling in myocardial and neurologic...