Jiao Yu

Yale University | YU · School of Public Health

Background On August 31, 2017, Ohio passed legislation that regulates how opioids can be prescribed postoperatively. Studies have shown that such legislation is successful in reducing the morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed after certain orthopaedic procedures. Purpose (1) To determine if the opioid prescription–limiting legislation i...

This study examines how trust was associated with social distancing during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso and Kenya. It fills gaps in previous research on trust and health by 1) simultaneously considering the relationship of individual- and aggregate-level indicators of trust, and 2) evaluating trust in local government and...

Evidence on the association between oral health and mortality is inconclusive, and few studies have accounted for non-random selection bias in estimating their relationship. The present study aims to investigate the link between oral health and mortality in community-dwelling older adults by adjusting confounding factors with a doubly robust surviv...

Background Previous research has discovered significant heterogeneity in older adults’ activity patterns, as well as its associations with well-being. Studying activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic sheds new light on infection risks and coping strategies stratified by socioeconomic status. This study answers two research questions: (1) what...

Introduction: Successful outpatient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction hinges on effective analgesia. Routinely, oral narcotic agents have been the preferred analgesic postoperatively in orthopaedic surgery. However, these agents have several known adverse effects and are associated with a potential for abuse. This study evaluates the...

To compare the neurocognitive scores between persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and persons without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assess the relationship between neurocognition, HIV status and variables, inflammation, and body composition measures. Cross-sectional study involving 225 participants (126 PLWH on antiretro...

Introduction Evidence on the association between oral health and mortality is inconclusive, and few studies have accounted for the nonrandom selection bias in estimating their relationship. This study aims to investigate the link between oral health and mortality in community-dwelling older adults by adjusting for confounding factors with a doubly...

Background: Predicting ultimate lower extremity length is important in the treatment of lower limb length discrepancy (LLD), congenital limb deficiency, and other etiologies. Utilizing skeletal age over chronological age improves the prediction of ultimate lower extremity length. The recently described modified Fels knee skeletal maturity system a...

Objective: In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between particulate matter, a common proxy indicator for air pollution, and markers of inflammation, monocyte activation, and subclinical vascular disease. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and HIV-uninfected adolescents be...

Parent caregivers of children who require lifesaving technology (e.g., mechanical ventilation, feeding tubes) must maintain a high level of vigilance 24/7. A two-arm randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of a resourcefulness intervention on parents’ mental/physical health and family functioning at four time points over six months. Partici...

Neighborhood environment has been playing an important role in late-life health; yet, the social aspect of neighborhood environment and its impact on mobility limitations have been rarely examined. This study examines the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and mobility limitations and the potential mediators (i.e., depressive symptom...

Neighborhood environment plays an important role in late-life health; yet, the social aspect of neighborhood environment and its impact on mobility limitations have rarely been examined. This nonexperimental, cross-sectional study examines the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and mobility limitations and the potential mediators (i....

Background: The current opioid epidemic in the US has become a public health crisis with an estimated 150 daily deaths and nearly 47,000 opioid related mortalities in the US in 2017 alone. Sensible prescriber practice changes have been a focus of policymakers to decrease the total number of narcotic pain medications in circulation. In the State of...

Background and objectives: With the extension of healthy life expectancy, promoting active aging has become a policy response to rapid population aging in China. Yet, it has been inconclusive about the relative importance of the determinants of active aging. By applying a machine learning approach, this study aims to identify the most important de...

Objective: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been linked to dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationships among the lipidome, immune activation, and subclinical vascular disease in children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) have not been investigated. Methods: Serum lipid composition, includ...

Objective: This study examined health and social support as mediators of the association between driving cessation and 10-year mortality among older men and older women. Method: Data were drawn from a prospective panel survey of 1000 community-dwelling older adults with follow-ups over a 10-year period. Extended Cox proportional hazard regression m...

Driving is the most important personal transportation mode in the US for maintaining mobility. Previous studies of older adults who stop driving have identified several health risks associated with driving cessation, including less access to health care, increased dependency, social isolation, and elevated risk of mortality. The purpose of this ana...

Background: There is evidence for endothelial dysfunction in youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YLPHIV). However little data exist on its mechanisms. Methods: YLPHIV and age-matched HIV-uninfected (HIV-) youth enrolled in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC) in South Africa between 9-14 years of age were included. YLPH...

This study examines the association between productive activity patterns and functional health trajectories of Chinese older adults and whether this association varies by urban/rural residence. Using three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from a sample of 7,503 older adults, we first performed latent class analysis (LCA)...

Objective: In this study, we explored the effect of zinc supplementation on markers of inflammation and monocyte activation in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV infection. Methods: This is a phase I open-labeled randomized double-arm study, exploring the efficacy and safety of zinc supplementation on inflammation in ≥18-year-old people living w...

This study explores gender differences in mental health sequelae of transition to widowhood among old-old retirement community dwellers. Data are based on a prospective panel survey of 748 older adults (mean age = 78) with follow-ups over a 10-year period. Mixed-effects models suggest that elderly widows and widowers experienced sharp increases of...

The profiles of men’s health in later life have changed drastically throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. Research has long linked men’s health and well being to their participation in, and access to, key social institutions such as marriage, education, and work. Yet, these social institutions have undergone significant change in the same t...

Life space mobility, operationalized as distance traveled, denotes environmental competence and reflects freedom of movement “to go where and when a person wants to go” (Satariano et al 2012). Older adults who opt to migrate in late life may be predisposed to maintain greater life space mobility. Our study explored determinants of distance traveled...

The study of aging has experienced a paradigm shift from negative views of aging and late-life towards a focus on older adults’ potential to stay healthy and remain active in social life. The concept of active aging has emerged as a policy response to the challenge of global aging. This new focus may hold unique benefits to the rapidly changing Chi...

Poor oral health is associated with lower quality of life in older adulthood. Although everyone experiences age-related declines in oral health, those with social and economic disadvantages experience more rapid decline and at younger ages. Yet gerontologists have given little systematic attention to documenting these disparities. Using data from t...

Prior studies have documented a stable link between bereavement and depressive symptoms in old age. This study explored gender differences in depressive symptom subsequent to transitions to widowhood using 10 annual waves of the Florida Retirement Study (Kahana, Kelley-Moore & Kahana 2012). We compared respondents who remained married (long-term ma...

Late-life health inequality is largely understood to be a product of social circumstances over the life course, such that structural opportunities influence degree of intracohort inequality. To date, little work has compared cumulative dis/advantage processes across cohorts to investigate this hypothesis. Drawing from the Health and Retirement Stud...

Purpose The purpose of this article was to examine the relative importance of patients’ self-advocacy and perceived physicians’ advocacy for impacting patients’ satisfaction in terms of physician communication and physician–patient relationship. We also examine the influence of physicians’ emotional support and patients’ demographic as well as heal...

Does Social Support Play the Same Role for Impacting Health Self-Advocacy among LGBT and Non-LGBT Seniors) Minzhi, Boaz, Eva, Jel, Jiao Although social support has been known to have direct effect on self-determination such as self-advocacy, this relationship has not been studied among LGBT older adults. Health related self-advocacy has been reco...

A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Health Disparities between LGBT and Non-LGBT Older Adults Jiao Yu, Eva Kahana, Boaz Kahana, Minzhi Ye, Julia Kay Wolf, As a neglected and marginalized minority group, the factors that contribute to the physical health and mental health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) seniors require grea...

Although social support has been known to have direct effect on self-determination such as self-advocacy, this relationship has not been studied among LGBT older adults. Health related self-advocacy has been recognized as a useful pathway for optimizing quality of health care in late life. Given that LGBT seniors’ reliance on support from friends r...

Book Description: The communication of health information is a critical determinant for the achievement and maintenance of health at the individual and population level. Health communication can take on various forms, including the use of social media, reading of a children’s story, policy development and management, the patient-physician partners...