Jianzhong Xiao

• PhD
• Managing Director at Tsinghua University

The oral glucose growth hormone suppression test is commonly used in the clinical diagnosis of acromegaly, but its results can be influenced by a variety of factors. This case report discusses a patient with a pituitary tumor and concurrent liver cirrhosis, highlighting the complexities in interpreting test results under such conditions. The patien...

Purpose This study investigates the incidence, predictors, and preventive strategies for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients in community settings. Methods Data were collected from 3,008 type 2 diabetes patients enrolled across 31 clinics in Beijing and Hebei. Prevalence and incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic...

Purpose Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide, increasing the risk of T2DM. Growing evidence indicates gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to metabolic disorders. We aimed to firstly investigate the compositional and functional features of the gut microbiome between obesity with and without T2DM in the Chinese population. Meth...

Key Clinical Message Primary hyperaldosteronism with type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome was a rare combination of both hyper‐ and hypoendocrine gland function. Comprehensive treatment including surgery and replacement therapy might be an effective strategy. Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension origi...

Key Clinical Message Acute chest pain can be the first manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)‐associated thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Comprehensive treatment may be an effective strategy for MEN1‐associated NEN. Abstract Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)‐associated thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) is caus...

Background Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is characterized by tumorous lesions affecting multiple organs. Pancreatic involvement in VHL syndrome can present as endocrine tumors and pancreatic cysts, which can interfere with both exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. Diabetes is an uncommon complication of VHL syndrome. Purpose This s...

Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital disease commonly found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Most PSIS patients manifest growth retardation and delayed puberty. We report a rare case of PSIS with tall stature, liver cirrhosis and diabetes, possibly caused by an inactivating KCNJ11 gen...

Background This study investigated the effects of early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) vs late‐onset type 2 diabetes (LOD) on nonfatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 46 239 participants from 14 provinces in China from 2007 to 2008, selecting 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes for analysis....

Objectives: The activation of immune cells plays a significant role in the progression of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 61 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Clinical charac...

Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. However, signs of DKD may be present at diagnosis of diabetes without retinopathy. Risk factors for the development of DKD and DR may not be identical. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the concordance and discordance between DK...

Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity profiles of a denosumab biosimilar (LY06006) in Chinese postmenopausal osteoporotic women with a high risk of fracture. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, 448 postmenopausal women aged 50–85 years w...

Trial design: Our study is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of multiple cardiovascular factors intervention (MFI) in type 2 diabetes patients in China's primary care setting. Methods: We performed a cluster randomized trial to compare the proportion of patients achieved the targets between usual care group (control, 9 sites, n =...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one microvascular complication of diabetes. About 30% of diabetic patients can develop DN, which is closely related to the high incidence and mortality of heart diseases, and then develop end-stage renal diseases. Therefore, early detection and screening of high-risk patients with DN is important. Herein, we explored th...

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Euglycaemic ketoacidosis (EKA) has been reported in patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors after bariatric surgery. Cases of T2DM complicated with EKA without SGLT2 inhibitors after bariatric surgery are rarely reported...

Introduction: LixiLan-O-AP (NCT03798054) showed greater HbA1c improvement with iGlarLixi vs. iGlar or Lixi in Asian Pacific adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) . This pre-defined analysis assessed iGlarLixi efficacy by HbA1c levels at screening. Methods: Adults (N=878) with suboptimally controlled T2D (HbA1c of 7.5-% or 7-% depending on background or...

Aims To compare the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi with insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) and lixisenatide (Lixi), in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin with or without a second oral antihyperglycaemic drug (OAD). Materials and Methods LixiLan‐O‐AP (NCT03798054) was a 24‐week multicentre stud...

To evaluate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients from the primary diabetes clinics for further comprehensive intervention in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 primary diabetes chain hospitals in Beijing, Lanzhou, Harbin, Chengdu, and Taiyuan in continuous patients with type 2 d...

BACKGROUND Hospital hyperglycemia is common and associated with potential adverse outcomes. A Hospital-wide Mobile Phone Alert (HMA) system was built to achieve real time glucose monitoring with warnings for glucose excursions. This study investigated the status of glucose control and evaluated the impact of HMA system on inpatient glycemia managem...

Aim: To evaluate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients from the primary diabetes clinics for further comprehensive intervention in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 primary diabetes chain hospitals in Beijing, Lanzhou, Harbin, Chengdu and Taiyuan in continuous pa...

Background: Maturity onset diabetes in young 3 (MODY 3) is caused by mutation of the hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1A) gene. Craniofacial macrosomia (CFM) is associated with an abnormal development of craniofacial structures during the embryonic period. Maternal diabetes and genetic predisposition have been associated with CFM1. There are rar...

Background The efficacy of basal insulin (BI) for adequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well documented by randomized clinical trials. This post‐hoc analysis of the ORBIT study was performed to explore the 6‐month dose of BI used in insulin‐naïve T2DM patients achieving HbA1c target (<7%) and determine...

Background: Dyslipidemia has a critical impact on renal dysfunction, but the exact types of lipids and lipoproteins that influence the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are under investigation. Observations from an adult Chinese population ≥20 years old are lacking. The present study is to investigate the associations of total cholesterol...

Objective Maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha ( HNF1A ) variants ( HNF1A -MODY) is a common form of monogenetic diabetes. Although patients with HNF1A -MODY might specifically benefit from sulfonylurea treatment, available methods for screening this specific type of diabetes are not cost-effective. This...

Background and Objectives : Glycemic control with unannounced meals is the major challenge for artificial pancreas. In this study, we described the performance and safety of learning-type model predictive control (L-MPC) for artificial pancreas challenged by an unannounced meal in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods : This closed-loop (CL) system was t...

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder that causes excess absorption of iron and can lead to a variety of complications including liver cirrhosis, arthritis, abnormal skin pigmentation, cardiomyopathy, hypogonadism, and diabetes. Hemojuvelin (HJV) is the causative gene of a rare subtype of HH worldwide. This study aims to systematica...

Aims: To investigate the genetic factors contributing to early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) in the Chinese Hans populations. Materials and methods: For 2,734 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and 4,041 normal glycemic controls, 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 24 genomic loci linked to diabetes were successfully genotyped. Three gen...

Background: Obesity is more prevalent in men than in women in China, especially within the middle-aged population. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the contribution of sexual dimorphisms to obesity and related traits in terms of the mechanisms involving the obesity-related genetic variants among patients of Chinese Han ancestry wi...

Background: Lifestyle interventions can delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance, but whether this leads subsequently to fewer complications or to increased longevity is uncertain. We aimed to assess the long-term effects of lifestyle interventions in people with impaired glucose tolerance on the incidence of di...

Aims To investigate the prevalence of adult‐onset autoimmune diabetes (ADM) and predisposition to autoimmune diseases by quantifying serum organ‐specific autoantibodies in people with phenotype of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods We included a nationally representative sample of 46 239 adults aged ≥20 years from 14 provinces, of whom 4...

Aims: To compare the magnitude of associations of the obesity indicators with the risks of prediabetes and diabetes. Methods: We performed an individually region-, sex-, and age-matched case and control analysis involving 42 918 Chinese adults aged 20-88 years (6 876 matched prediabetes and normal glucose regulation [NGR] groups and 2 873 matche...

Objective Metabolic disturbances induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in pancreatic beta cells. This study aims to investigate whether a common pathway exists in the ERS induced by various chemicals, including high levels of glucose and palmitate in INS-1-3 cells. Method ERS in INS-1-3 cells was induced by exposure cells to thapsigargin (TG),...

Original uncropped and unadjusted blots. (A)(B) Original uncropped and unadjusted blots for Fig 1E and 1F. (C)(D) Original uncropped and unadjusted blots for Fig 4C. (E)(F) Original uncropped and unadjusted blots for Fig 3D. (TIF)

Metabolic disturbances induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in pancreatic beta cells. This study aims to investigate whether a common pathway exists in the ERS induced by various chemicals, including high levels of glucose and palmitate. ERS in INS-1-3 cells was induced by exposure cells to thapsigargin (TG), tunicamycin (TM) or palmitic acid...

Background: It is important to characterize distribution of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) based on different BMI levels in a population. This information remains scarce in China, so we investigated the proportions and related factors of CMD stages based on different BMI levels in Chinese adults. Methods: We included 45,093 participants aged ≥20...

Introduction: This subgroup analysis of data from the 16-week Lantus Registry Study in China investigated the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with clinical benefits of transitioning therapy from premixed insulin to insulin glargine (100 U/ml) plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Methods: The modified i...

To investigate the characteristics of newly diagnosed early-onset diabetes in the Chinese population, 2801 newly diagnosed diabetes participants without known diabetes or pre-diabetes in a national cross-sectional survey were analysed. Participants were divided into quartiles (22–43, 44–52, 53–61 and >61 years) according to age of diabetes onset an...

Despite the current guideline’s recommendation of a timely stepwise intensification therapy, the “clinical inertia”, termed as the delayed treatment intensification, commonly exists in the real world, which may be partly due to the relatively little substantial evidence and no clear consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of triple oral agents...

Aims: To compare glucose control and safety of different basal insulin (BI, including Insulin NPH, glargine and detemir) therapies in real-life clinical settings based on a large-scale registry study. Methods: In this multi-center 6-month prospective observational study, patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled (HbA1c≥7%) by oral anti-diabetic...

Aims: To examine treatment patterns following basal insulin (BI) introduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients under real-world conditions across China. Materials and methods: Overall, 18,995 patients inadequately controlled [HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol (7%)] with oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (OADs) and willing to receive BI treatment were r...

Background In the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study, age-standardised prevalence of total diabetes was 9·7%, accounting for 92·4 million adults, in China in 2010. Using clinical data and serum samples from this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of several organ-specific autoantibodies in patients with phenotypic type...

Background The three most commonly used basal insulins in patients with type 2 diabetes are neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin and the long-acting insulin analogues glargine and detemir. Although randomised controlled trials have shown equivalent efficacy of these three insulins, inconsistencies in safety exist. We aimed to assess the safety...

Objective: People with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased risk of mortality and a high risk of progression to diabetes, but the extent that the excess mortality is associated with IGT per se or is the result of subsequent diabetes is unclear. Research design and methods: We compared mortality before and after the development of diab...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The present study aimed to identify the influence of insulin sensitivity on the genetic risk of impaired insulin secretion among a Chinese Han population. For 3,229 controls and 1,994 treatment naïve T2D, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 24 T2D-r...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly phenotypically heterogeneous. Genetics of the heterogeneity of lean and obese T2D is not clear. The aim of the present study was to identify the associations of T2D-related genetic variants with the risks for lean and obese T2D among the Chinese Han population. A case-control study consisting of 5338 T2D patients and...

Insulin NPH, glargine and detemir are the most commonly used basal insulin (BI). We report the largest 6-month registry study in China to compare their real life safety and glucose control. Patients with T2DM inadequately controlled (HbA1C≥7%) on OADs were enrolled from 209 hospitals and followed at 3 and 6 months. Patients who initiated BI and kep...

Different studies have produced conflicting results regarding the association between smoking and diabetes mellitus, and detailed analysis of this issue in Chinese males based on nationwide samples is lacking. We explored the association between cigarette smoking and newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) in Chinese males using a population-based...

Members of the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. (DOC)

Aims: To determine the relationship between glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to explore the association of glycated albumin/glycated hemoglobin (GA/HbA1c) ratio with glucose indices in Chinese subjects with varying glucose tolerance status. Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study involved 953 participants wit...

Objective: To conduct a subanalysis of the randomized MARCH (Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment) trial to investigate whether specific characteristics are associated with the efficacy of either acarbose or metformin as initial therapy. Research design and methods: A total of 657 type 2 diabetes patients who w...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The comorbidity of MetS and T2D increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. The aim of the present study was to determine the T2D-related genetic variants that contribute to MetS-related components in T2D patients of Chinese ancestry. We successfully genotyped 25 geno...

Appendix Table S1. Comparison of socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in Mainland China and Hong Kong.

Dyslipidemia is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to identify lipid-related genetic variants in T2D patients of Han Chinese ancestry. Among 4,908 Chinese T2D patients who were not taking lipid-lowering medications, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven gene...

To investigate the association between different family history risk categories and prevalence of diabetes in the Chinese population. The family history of diabetes was obtained from each subject, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed for measuring the fasting and postload glucose and insulin levels based on a national representative cro...

Unlabelled: PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY: Exostosin 2 (EXT2) is involved in early pancreatic development and the regulation of insulin synthesis. In this study, we aim to evaluate the contribution of EXT2 to the genetic pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its related traits in the Chinese population. Materials and methods: A case-control study in a...

Background and Aims Obesity is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of genetic loci associated with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the contribution of obesity-related genomic loci to type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Methods We successfully genotyped 18 obesity-...

This study aimed to examine genomic loci of type 2 diabetes (T2D) initially identified by genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry for their associations with T2D and quantitative glycemic traits, as well as their effects on longitudinal change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and T2D development, in the Chinese population...

To investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) among Chinese individuals without diabetes and the relationship between MAU and metabolic factors, individual socioeconomic status (SES), and regional economic development level. Cross-sectional study of prevalence of MAU. 152 urban street districts and 112 rural villages from northeast, north...

The association between IGF2BP2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been repeatedly confirmed among different ethnic populations. However, in several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Chinese Han population, the gene IGF2BP2 has not been replicated. The results of relevant studies for the association between IGF2BP2 and T2DM showe...

A genome-wide association study in the Chinese Han population has identified several novel genetic variants of the serine racemase (SRR) gene in type 2 diabetes. Our purpose was to systematically evaluate the contribution of SRR variants in the Chinese Han population. rs391300 and rs4523957 in SRR were genotyped respectively in the two independent...

To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of microalbuminuria, and to explore the relationship between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A nationally representative sample of 38,203 Chinese participants was categorized by different levels of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR; 0 -10 mg/g, 10 -20 mg/g, 20 -30 mg/g,...

OBJECTIVE To develop a New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score for screening undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in China.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study conducted from June 2007 to May 2008 comprising 16,525 men and 25,284 women aged 20-74 years were analyzed. Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes was detected...

Aims: rs290487 in TCF7L2 was originally identified to be associated with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan Chinese population. However, discrepancies were noted in subsequent replicated studies. So the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of rs290487 in TCF7L2 on genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes in a large sample of Chinese ­population....

Whether insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in older Chinese differ from younger persons without diabetes has not been examined and is unknown to us. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in a total of 32,245 Chinese without diabetes history. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI), and insul...

Though multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes have been identified, the genetic bases of isolated fasting hyperglycaemia (IFH) and isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia (IPH) were still unclear. In present study, we aimed to investigate the association of genome-wide association study-validated genetic varian...

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Association between SNPs and clinical features in control and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subjects. β value is reported for the allele with higher type 2 diabetes risk as previously reported in Caucasians using an additive model in multi-variate linear regression adjusted for region, gender and age, with BMI when appropriate. Associations with...

SNPs did not show significant differences in risk allele frequency or genotype distribution between isolated fasting hyperglycemia and isolated postprandial hyperglycemia. a Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians are denoted in bold. Allelic frequencies between isolated fasting hyperglycemia and isolated postprandial hyperglycemia were comp...

SNPs did not show significant association with isolated postprandial hyperglycemia in Hans. a Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes in the Caucasian descent population are denoted in bold. OR and 95% CI are reported for the allele with higher type 2 diabetes risk previously reported for Caucasians using χ2 or an additive model in logistic regression. b...

SNPs did not show significant association with isolated fasting hyperglycemia in Hans. a Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes in the Caucasian descent population are denoted in bold. OR and 95% CI are reported for the allele with higher type 2 diabetes risk previously reported for Caucasians using χ2 or an additive model in logistic regression. b Compa...

Power of the association studies. a Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians are denoted in bold. b ORs and 95% CIs reported by reference studies (Ref.). c Power to detect the association between SNPs and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was estimated under the additive model and given the reported OR(95%CI), sample size and α = 0.05 (two-side...

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adults. Data were obtained from sphygmomanometer measurements and a questionnaire administered to 46239 Chinese adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥14...

Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in China. This aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVDs and risk factors in Chinese impaired glucose regulation subjects. Methods: We used a multistage, stratified sampling method to select subjects from the general Chinese population aged 20 years and ol...

China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. (DOC)

Standardized Mean of BMI and Waist Circumference by Gender and Age Group. (DOC)

Receive operating characteristic curve of combined WC and BMI categories in identifying individuals with CMD or CVD. Receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to determine the optimal cutoffs of combined WC and BMI categories in identifying individuals with DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia (in Figure S1A), CHD, stroke, or C...

Association between SNPs and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. a Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians are denoted in bold. OR and 95% CI are reported for the allele with higher type 2 diabetes risk as previously reported in Caucasians using χ2 or an additive model in logistic regression. b Comparison of the allelic distribut...

Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NEUROD1 have been identified as a very rare cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young and neonatal diabetes. Previous studies showed that a common A45T variant located in NEUROD1 was inconsistently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different ethnic populations. This study aimed to eval...

The Diabetes Impact Study followed up a large national population-based screening study to estimate the use of and expenditures for medical care caused by diabetes in China and to ascertain the use and cost of essential basic medicines and care. In 2009-10, the study team interviewed 1482 adults with diabetes and 1553 adults with glucose tolerance...

Links to Source Data, Data Entry Program, and Data Analysis Program. (DOC)

Interview Schedule. (DOC)