Jianguo Liu

Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology - CAS

The Ozone Monitoring Suite-Nadir (OMS-N) instrument is the first hyperspectral remote sensor in the ultraviolet band of China’s Fengyun series satellites. It can be used to detect several kinds of atmospheric constituents. This paper describes the prelaunch spectral calibration of the OMS-N onboard FengYun 3F. Several critical spectral parameters i...

近海海洋大气边界层是陆海气相互作用的特殊区域，发展近海海洋边界层大气污染立体探测技术、获取海洋大气边界层内主要污染成分及关键气象参数的高精度垂直探测信息，对于提高陆地、海洋和大气中的污染来源、化学机制和传输过程认识、提高沿海地区大气环境与气象预报的准确性具有重要意义。针对近海海洋边界层大气污染综合立体探测技术，总结了近年来在国家重点研发计划支持下我国在近海海洋大气探测设备研发、关键技术发展和近海大气污染形成机制研究等方面的进展。当前我国已发展了包括海洋大气廓线激光雷达、湍流交换测量、海气通量观测、海洋气溶胶探测设备等一系列近海海洋边界层探测技术，解决了沿海海洋地区恶劣环境条件造成的技术瓶颈，并基于这些探测设备与技术开展了大量近海海洋大气污染研究。技术与设备的发展完善了我国近海海洋地区边界层大...

Phenolic compounds are toxic chemical pollutants present in water. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis is an effective and rapid method for real-time phenol monitoring in aquatic environments. However, similar chemical structures of phenols result in highly overlapping three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. Therefore, it is extrem...

The hygroscopicity of aerosol nanoparticles with the high number concentration in atmosphere significantly affects atmospheric chemistry and visibility, global climate, and human health. Therefore, it is critical to analyze the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles in an atmospheric ambient, where the aerosol's chemical compositions and physical stat...

A new aerosol electrometer (AE), the thermal precipitation aerosol electrometer (TPAE), was designed for use with particles of sizes less than 300 nm, and its performance was experimentally evaluated. The TPAE combines the thermal precipitator with a microcurrent measurement circuit board (i.e., pre-amplifier) for measuring the current carried by c...

Understanding the evolution of brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere is essential for investigating its climate effects. This study deployed a novel in‐situ BrC continuous observation system to firstly measure water‐soluble BrC absorption (AbsWS‐BrC) in an offshore island over the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2020. The AbsWS‐BrC abundance before the c...

The complex structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) and its impact on air pollution remain poorly understood. In this study, we present in-situ nocturnal flight measurements onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during the wintertime of 2022 at an urban site in Hefei, China. Besides, co-located measurements of radiation intensity and tot...

Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the “air pollution complex” was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were...

The hygroscopicities of calcium and magnesium salts strongly affect the environment and climate, but the aging products of these salts at high relative humidities (RHs) are still poorly understood. In this study, surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) was used to determine the hygroscopic growth factors (GFs) of Ca(NO3)2 and Mg(NO3)2 separatel...

Aerosol electrometers are widely applied to measure the number concentration and other physical parameters of particles. In this work, a new aerosol electrometer, i.e., Thermal Precipitation Aerosol Electrometer (TPAE), was designed and its performance was experimentally evaluated. The TPAE integrates a thermal precipitator with a micro- current me...

The hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosols plays an important role in regional radiation, cloud formation, and hence climate. Aerosol hygroscopic growth is often characterized by hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzers (HTDMAs), and Xie et al. (2020) recently demonstrated that hygroscopic growth measurements of a single particle are...

Portable and efficient removal of volatile particles from motor vehicle exhaust is essential for the accurate measurement of involatile solid particle number concentration in on-board emission measurement systems. For this purpose, a volatile particle remover with a combination of hot dilution and a thermodenuder (referred to as VPR-TD) was designe...

The sky infrared background radiation varies greatly with spatial distribution and time. When Scanning Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) remote sensing imaging system scans the target gas cloud with the sky as the background, the background radiation corresponding to each scanned pixel is different, and the background does not have a constant basel...

The fine particulates directly emitted from the industrial production are the main primary source in the atmosphere. Thus, it is crucial to control industrial exhaust gases if the deep dust removal at a high temperature can be achieved without significantly increasing the filtered-wind resistance. For example, the flue gas from the coal-fired power...

Figure 1showsHaze source the average values of annualParticulate Matter (PM2.5) PM2.5 concentrations and sources monitored at the 12 sites of the BTHR. The sites that had the higher PM2.5 were Tangshan (158.4 μg m−3), Shijiazhuang (155.7 μg m−3), and Baoding (154.3 μg m−3), followed by Cangzhou (134.9 μg m−3) and Xianghe (134.2 μg m−3). The average...

TheAtmospheric hazeNestedNumerical model Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) is a new-generation fully coupled Eulerian model independently developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS. It can simulate the behavior and predict the values of various air pollutants, includingParticulate Matter (PM2.5) PM2.5. This study coupled N...

With the acceleration of economic development and urbanization, air pollution is becoming increasingly severe in China. The results of a study in 2009 showed that nearly 30% of China’s land area and 500 million people were suffering from haze, especially in the Pan Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. Since the 1970s, Chin...

The schematic of the smog chamber is shown in Fig. 1. The smog chamber consists of a zero air generator, a Teflon reactor, light sources, temperature control system, inlet system, and monitoring system

Based on surface plasmon resonance microscopy, we designed an in-situ measurement system for hygroscopic growth and water content of single nano-aerosol, expanding the application of measurement methods for the nano-aerosol hygroscopic characteristics.

Amines/aminiums are recognized for their importance in new particle formation, organic nitrogen cycle, and aerosol forcings. Among the complex sources, the ocean origins and generation pathways of aminiums are less understood. During a cruise campaign over the Chinese marginal sea (Bohai Sea), five low‐molecular‐weight aminiums were measured. The s...

The hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosols plays an important role in regional radiation, cloud formation and hence climate. Aerosol hygroscopic growth is often characterized by humidified tandem differential mobility analyzers (HTDMA), and Xie et al. (2020) recently demonstrated that hygroscopic growth measurements of single-particle are possi...

The variation of ambient relative humidity (RH) affects the water uptake of aerosols in the atmosphere, thereby altering the aerosol size distribution and mass concentration. In this study, aerosol size distributions under both dry and ambient RH conditions are measured using an active RH-controlled dry-ambient aerosol size spectrometer (DAASS) at...

Cone-jet electrospray has been proposed for various applications due to its ability to produce monodisperse droplets. The stable operation of the electrospray process is extremely important for quality assurance purposes, particularly for applications that require long-term operations. Typically, both the spray current and liquid meniscus shape are...

Remote sensing imaging technology is one of the most powerful tools for gas leak monitoring in chemical industrial parks. In the case of leaks, it is necessary to quickly and accurately obtain detailed information of the gas cloud (volume, distribution, diffusion situation and location). This paper proposes a 3-D quantitative reconstruction method...

Among various climate drivers, direct evidence for the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) control of sediment supply on the millennial scale is lacking, and the changes in ITCZ migration demonstrated in paleoclimate records need to be better investigated. Here, we use clay minerals and Sr–Nd isotopes obtained from a gravity core on the Ninetyeas...

Near-surface ozone is one of the significant issues in the troposphere. Recently, ozone pollution in Lhasa at an altitude of 3600 m has caused attention. The current knowledge of ozone formation in Lhasa city is still minimal. In this work, the profile of VOCs during early summer was investigated, and alkanes were the most critical group of VOCs. T...

As compared to conventional diesel heavy-duty vehicles, natural gas vehicles have been proved to be more eco-friendly due to their lower production of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions, which are causing enormous adverse effects on global warming and air pollution. However, natural gas vehicles were rarely studied before, especially through on...

Bromine explosion events (BEEs) are important processes that influence the atmospheric oxidation capacity, especially in the polar troposphere during spring. Although sea ice surface is thought to be a significant bromine source, bromine release mechanisms remain unclear. High-resolution ground-based observations of reactive bromine, such as BrO, a...

Nanoparticles can absorb water to grow, and this process will affect the light-scattering behavior, cloud condensation nuclei properties, lifetime, and chemical reactivity of these particles. Current techniques for calculation of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) usually restrict the size of particles to be within a certain range, which may resul...

Sea salts act as an important medium for atmospheric processing. One intensive field campaign in the September–October period of 2019 was conducted at a subtropical coastal site over the South China Sea. Unexpected high concentrations of acidic gaseous precursors were observed, yielding high sulfate in PM2.5. Na⁺ ranked as the third highest inorgan...

Brown carbon (BrC), as a short-lived climate forcer, is still poorly understood due to its insufficient quantification of chemical compositions, ambiguous optical properties, and complex formation mechanisms. This study firstly investigated the characteristics of BrC over a remote island of the East China Sea during the winter of 2019. Driven by th...

Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution in land, sea, and atmosphere. We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipme...

When exposed to different relative humidities (RHs), the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols will change because of changes in the aerosol particle size and complex refractive index (RI), which will affect haze formation and global climate change. The potential contributions of ultrafine particles to the atmospheric optical characteristics a...

Optical feedback cavity ringdown spectroscopy is presented with a linear Fabry–Pérot cavity and a cost-effective DFB laser. To circumvent the low coupling efficiency caused by the broad laser linewidth, an optical feedback technique is used, and an enhanced coupling efficiency of 31%, mainly limited by impedance mismatch and mode mismatch, is obtai...

Comprehensive observations of the nocturnal atmospheric oxidation of NO3 and N2O5 were conducted at a suburban site in Changzhou in the YRD using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) from 27 May to 24 June, 2019. High concentrations of NO3 precursors were observed, and the nocturnal production rate of NO3 was determined to be 1.7 ± 1.2 ppbv/hr. How...

To investigate nitrous acid (HONO) levels and potential HONO sources above crop rotation fields. The HONO fluxes were measured by the aerodynamic gradient (AG) method from 14 December 2019 to 2 January 2020 over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin. The ambient HONO levels were measured at two different heights (0.15 and 1.5 m), showing...

A thorough understanding of chemical composition, particle pH, and pollutant emissions is essential to address the climate and human health effects of atmospheric particles. In this study, we used a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) to characterize the composition of su...

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a highly sensitive molecular absorption spectroscopic technology, which has been widely used in mirror reflectance measurement, atmospheric trace gas detection, molecular precision spectroscopy and other fields. It deduces the intracavity absorption by measuring the rapid variation of the ringdown signal. As...

Inter-calibration is a general method to harmonize the in-orbit spectral radiance of the target instrument with the reference instrument in the visible and infrared spectra. This study proposes and applies an inter-calibration method to the space-based ultraviolet and visible (UVIS) grating radiometers. Based on pixel pairs derived from simultaneou...

The vertical distribution of aerosols has important implications on haze formation as development, which is manifested to some extent by the planetary boundary layer (PBL)–aerosol interactions. Information on the number concentration and size of particles is essential to understand these processes, but studies on vertical profiles of particle numbe...

Nanoparticles can absorb water to grow up and this will affect the light scattering behavior, cloud condensation nuclei properties, lifetime, and chemical reactivity of these particles. Current techniques usually assume the shapes of nanoparticles to be spherical in calculation of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), which may result in large uncer...

The concentration-path-length product (CL) image of the leaking gas cloud measured by the passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning remote-sensing imaging system has a low resolution. Gas cloud diffusion is affected by wind speed and direction, which makes it difficult to trace the source of a leakage. Therefore, we propose a method to rec...

Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were operated from 02 to 21 December 2018 in Leshan, southwest China, to measure HONO, NO2 and aerosol extinction vertical distributions, and these were the first MAX-DOAS measurement results in Sichuan Basin. During the measurement period, characteristic r...

Atmospheric pollutants over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) have potential implications for accelerating the melting of glaciers, damaging air quality, water sources and grasslands, and threatening climate on regional and global scales. Improved knowledge of the variabilities, sources, drivers and transport pathways of atmospheric pollutant...

The smog chamber experimental systems, which have been widely used in laboratory simulation for studying atmospheric processes, are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The components, development history, main research topics, and main achievements of smog chambers are introduced. The typical smog chambers in the world, including their volumes,...

A dry-ambient aerosol size spectrometer (DAASS) was previously developed to conduct measurements of aerosol water content at ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions. However, the RH difference of ambient RH and DAASS conditioning humidity (i.e., 10–20%, particularly when the DAASS operated at a high ambient RH) may introduce uncertainties in esti...

Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in climate change, especially in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present the seasonal and diurnal characteristics of aerosol vertical profiles measured using a Mie lidar, along with surface black carbon (BC) measurements, at Mt. Qomolangma (QOMS), in the central Himalayas, in 2018–2019. Lidar-ret...

We report the development of a laser gas analyzer that measures gas concentrations at a data rate of 100 Hz. This fast data rate helps eddy covariance calculations for gas fluxes in turbulent high wind speed environments. The laser gas analyzer is based on derivative laser absorption spectroscopy and set for measurements of water vapor (H2O, at wav...

China has made great efforts to monitor and control air pollution in the past decade. Comprehensive characterization and understanding of pollutants in three-dimensions are, however, still lacking. Here, we used data from an observation network consisting of 13 aerosol lidars and more than 1000 ground observation stations combined with a data assim...

Information on the vertical distribution of air pollutants is essential for understanding their spatiotemporal evolution underlying urban atmospheric environment. This paper presents the SO2 profiles based on ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei, East...

The major air pollutant emissions have decreased, and the overall air quality has substantially improved across China in recent years as a consequence of active clean air policies for mitigating severe air pollution problems. As key precursors of formaldehyde (HCHO) and ozone (O3), the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China are still increasing...

The supersaturated condensation of atmospheric aerosol is important in the study of mechanisms of cloud condensation and even heavy air pollution. The existing technology cannot realize accurate dynamic control of wide range supersaturation, so it is difficult to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of...

To cope with global climate change and monitor global CO₂ concentration distribution, the first Chinese carbon dioxide satellite (TanSat) has been successfully launched in December 2016. In this study, we implemented a CO₂ retrieval scheme by calibrating the TanSat sun-glint (GL) mode spectra and adapting the Iterative Maximum A Posteriori Differen...