Jiangnan Hu

Jiangnan Hu
Stanford University | SU · Department of Surgery

MDPhD

About

48
Publications
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1,507
Citations

Publications

Publications (48)
Article
Common complications following laparoscopic appendectomy include wound infection, bleeding, intra-abdominal abscess, small bowel obstruction, stump leakage, and stump appendicitis. Here, we presented a case reporting detailing a rare complication following laparoscopic appendectomy: the development of a metastatic neck abscess induced by Klebsiella...
Article
Full-text available
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer. Despite advances in tissue culture techniques, a robust model for ATC spheroid culture is yet to be developed. In this study, we created an efficient and cost-effective 3D tumor spheroids culture system from human ATC cells and existing cell lines that better mimic patient tumor...
Chapter
Primary mesenchymal tumors of the thyroid gland (PMTT) are rare and account for <1% of all malignant thyroid neoplasms. More than 30 types of PMTT have been reported in the literature. PMTT may be benign or malignant, and the tumor types are best classified according to their cell of origin (e.g., smooth muscle, endothelial, nerve) according to the...
Article
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an annual worldwide incidence of 1-2 cases per 1 million and a 5-year survival rate of <60%. Although adrenocortical carcinoma is rare, such rare cancers account for approximately one third of patients diagnosed with cancer annually. In the past decade, there have been considerable advances in unde...
Article
Full-text available
Disclosure: J. Han: None. Y. Yuan: None. J. Hu: None. C. Ghosh: None. E. Kebebew: None. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of successful parathyroidectomy on renal, skeletal and cardiovascular adverse events in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Background: PHPT may be associated with renal, skeletal and cardi...
Article
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is uniformly lethal. BRAFV600E mutation is present in up to 45% of patients with ATC. Targeted therapy with combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC can be effective, but acquired resistance is common because this combination targets the same pathway. Drug matrix screening, in BRAFV600E A...
Article
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer. Despite advances in tissue culture techniques, a robust model for thyroid cancer spheroid culture is yet to be developed. Here, we described a protocol to generate tumor spheroids from human ATC cells and excising cell lines. Methods: Using four established ATC cell...
Article
Purpose: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with a median survival time of 6 months and with no current curative treatment. We have used quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of clinically approved or investigational agents to identify candidate compounds for ATC therapy. As monotherapy for most can...
Article
Full-text available
Backgrounds We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection in patients with an insufficient proximal anchoring area due to the vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch. Methods In this study, we report two patients with type B aortic dissection who were complicated with left ver...
Article
Full-text available
Malignant tumors of the digestive system are common worldwide; however, it is extremely rare for more than two malignancies to occur simultaneously. Here, we report a case with a triple malignancy of the digestive system, including gastric, rectal, and hepatic tumors. The patient underwent surgical resection of three tumors followed by chemotherapy...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose This study was performed to summarize our experience in the management of early-stage acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (ASMAE) by percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT). Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with early-stage ASMAE treated by PMT in our institution from November 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively an...
Article
Full-text available
Mutations in N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1), which deglycosylates misfolded glycoproteins for degradation, can cause NGLY1 deficiency in patients and their abnormal fetal development in multiple organs, including microcephaly and other neurological disorders. Using cerebral organoids (COs) developed from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced plurip...
Article
Full-text available
Cognitive impairment is closely associated with the slowing of glucose metabolism in the brain. Glucose transport, a rate-limiting step of glucose metabolism, plays a key role in this phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) improves cognitive performance in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (C...
Article
Full-text available
Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is a safe and effective treatment for addressing thrombosis in various embolic diseases. In recent years, this approach has also been actively applied in the management of acute embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. A pseudoaneurysm as a complication of this operation is remarkably rare. This is t...
Article
Full-text available
A reliable disease model is critical to the study of specific disease mechanisms as well as for the discovery and development of new drugs. Despite providing crucial insights into the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, translation of this information to develop therapeutics in clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Reprogramming technology...
Article
Full-text available
Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable with about a 2–31% recurrence rate. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and intracranial lesion. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship between BUN and CSDH recurrence. Methods A total of 653 CSDH cases...
Article
Full-text available
Cancer is a leading cause of death and poor quality of life globally. Even though several strategies are devised to reduce deaths, reduce chronic pain and improve the quality of life, there remains a shortfall in the adequacies of these cancer therapies. Among the cardinal steps towards ensuring optimal cancer treatment are early detection of cance...
Article
Full-text available
In the recent decade, nanomedicine and nanotechnology have been broadly developed leading to a significant advancement in biomedical research as well as clinical practices. The application of several functionalized nanomaterials on the molecular and cellular levels has yielded a lot of promising progresses in various fields of regenerative medicine...
Article
Ischemic stroke initiated by transient or permanent cerebral blood flow decline remains the leading cause of permanent disability in industrialized nations. Therapeutic strategies to improve patient recovery are remain limited. Hypoxia post-conditioning (HPostC) has been known to be neuroprotective against ischemic injuries in vivo and in vitro. Un...
Article
Full-text available
Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous malignancy that typically presented in an area of traumatized or chronically inflamed skin and particularly in burn scars. Among them, the MU in the scalp with extensive invasion of the skull is exceptional and severe. The principle of management for MU is to obtain an early diagnosis and per...
Conference Paper
p>Human cerebral organoids (COs) have been leveraged in many recent studies that led to significant discoveries regarding developmental biology, disease mechanisms, and pharmacologic responses in the central nervous system. Here, we intend to establish cerebral organoids suitable for modeling brain development and pathogenesis based on somatic cell...
Article
Full-text available
Cerebral organoids (COs) developed from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been noticed for their potential in research and clinical applications. While skin fibroblast-derived hiPSCs are proficient at forming COs, the cellular and molecular features of COs developed using hiPSCs generated from other somatic cells have not been syst...
Preprint
Full-text available
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable with about 2-31% recurrence rate. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and intracranial lesion. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship between BUN and CSDH recurrence. METHODS A total of 661 CSDH cases wi...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable with about 2-31% recurrence rate. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and intracranial lesion. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship between BUN and CSDH recurrence. Methods: A total of 653 CSDH cases...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable with about a 2-31% recurrence rate. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and intracranial lesion. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship between BUN and CSDH recurrence. Methods: A total of 653 CSDH case...
Article
Full-text available
Background: The attainment of extensive neurological function recovery remains the key challenge for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been shown to improve neurological function recovery after TBI. However, the survival of BMSCs after transplantation in early-s...
Article
Full-text available
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder caused by sudden decrease or interruption of blood flow in brain arteries. Deficiency of timely and effective reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue can lead to irreversible brain injury and neurological dysfunction. Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only appropriate thrombo...
Article
Full-text available
Background Studies have shown that transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) protects against brain damage. However, the low survival number of transplanted BMSCs remains a pertinent challenge and can be attributed to the unfavorable microenvironment of the injured brain. It is well known that calpain activation plays a...
Article
Full-text available
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Although treatment guidelines have been developed, no best treatment option or medicine for this condition exists. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown lots of promise for the treatment of brain disorders, with some results highligh...
Article
Full-text available
Intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis, the primary cause of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), is a critical reason for the pathogenesis of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease characterized by cognitive impairments. Our previous study demonstrated that limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) improved cerebral perfusion in intrac...
Article
Full-text available
Background: It has been reported that D1 receptor (D1R) activation reduces GABAA receptor (GABAAR) current, and baicalin (BAI) displays therapeutic efficacy in diseases involving cognitive impairment. Methods: We investigated the mechanisms by which BAI could improve DA-induced minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) using immunoblotting, immunoflu...
Chapter
Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) as a regenerative cell replacement therapy for stroke holds great promise. However, the mechanisms underlying functional recovery after stroke remain unclear. Clearly, BMSCs benefit the neurological dysfunction in either direct or indirect methods through the interaction with other cells. In this ch...
Article
Full-text available
Among age-related diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are major causes of death. Vascular dysfunction is a key characteristic of these diseases wherein age is an independent and essential risk factor. The present work will review morphological alterations of aging vessels in-depth, which includes the discussion of age-related micr...
Article
Full-text available
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is induced by elevated intracranial dopamine (DA). The relationship of the Shh pathway with memory loss in MHE, however, is elusive. In the current study, rats with MHE induced with DA displayed downregulation of the Shh pathway. Additionally, injection of Shh into MHE/DA-treated rats reversed downregulation of...
Article
Full-text available
As with many age-related diseases including vascular dysfunction, age is considered an independent and crucial risk factor. Complicated alterations of structure and function in the vasculature are linked with aging hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of age-induced vascular pathophysiological changes holds possibilities for developing cl...
Article
The effectiveness of noninvasive treatment for neurological disease is generally limited by the poor entry of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS). Most CNS drugs cannot permeate into the brain parenchyma because of the blood-brain barrier thus, overcoming this problem has become one of the most significant challenges in the dev...
Article
Systemic thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only proven treatment that is effective in improving the clinical outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, thrombolytic therapy has some major limitations such as hemorrhage, neurotoxicity, and the short time window for the treatment. In this study...
Article
Full-text available
Neuro-inflammation plays an important role in the recovery of brain injury after stroke. Microglia/macrophage is the major executor in the neuro-inflammation, which can be polarized into two distinct phenotypes: injurious/toxic classical activation (M1 phenotype) and protective alternative activation (M2 phenotype). Here, we investigated whether in...
Article
Background: We previously reported that elevation of intracranial dopamine (DA) levels from cirrhotic livers is implicated in the pathogenesis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Intracellular events in neurons, which lead to memory loss in MHE by elevated DA, however, remain elusive. Methods: In our present study, an MHE rat model, a DA - int...
Article
Full-text available
In a previous study by our group memory impairment in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was associated with the inhibition of the glutamate‑nitric oxide‑cyclic guanosine monophosphate (Glu‑NO‑cGMP) pathway due to elevated dopamine (DA). However, the effects of DA on the Glu‑NO‑cGMP pathway localized in primary cortical astrocytes (PCAs...
Article
Background We previously demonstrated that dopamine (DA) overload may be a key mechanism behind development of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in rats. It has been shown that low-grade cerebral oedema and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of MHE. In the current study, DA-triggered oxidative injury in cerebral cortex was...

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