Jiajun Liu

• PhD
• China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Mineral deposits with Au − Sb − W metal association are rare worldwide, but the Zhaishang deposit in the western Qinling Orogen, central China, is one of such deposits. This deposit formed through complex ore-forming processes comprising two main ore stages, stage II marked by Au − As mineralization and stage III by Au − Sb − W mineralization. Four...

The Xing’an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) is located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The region’s notable tectonic complexity and extensive tungsten mineralization offer a unique opportunity to explore metallogeny mechanisms in orogenic areas. This study focuses on the Shamai tungsten deposit as a case study, presenti...

Alkalic-type epithermal Au-Ag-Te deposits are economically significant but remain genetically controversial. Debates center on whether ore-forming fluids and sulfur are primarily magmatic or involve substantial contributions from meteoric water or crustal materials. The Golden Sunlight Au-Ag-Te deposit in southwest Montana, USA, is unusual, because...

The magmatic controls on the formation of porphyry Au-only deposits are still poorly understood. The Bilihe deposit (> 30 t @ 2.7 g/t Au) located at the northern margin of the North China Craton is such an example, where apatite chemistry from a causative granodiorite intrusion constrains the physicochemical conditions and ore-forming potential of...

Wolframite that coexists with quartz is common hydrothermal mineral in tungsten deposits, and its geochemical features can be used to constrain the tungsten mineralization. Here we show that the Narenwula deposit is a typical quartz vein-type W deposit on the northern margin of the North China Craton, Northeast China, and temporally and spatially a...

Sparse felsic microgranitoid enclaves (FMEs) in the Shangshuiquan granite of the Zhangjiakou district, the north margin of the North China Craton, are fine‐grained, dark‐colored and exhibit subangular to subspherical shapes. They share similar mineral assemblages, chemical compositions, and zircon Hf isotope compositions to the host granite. New zi...

The Lianzigou deposit, which has an Au–Te paragenetic association, is hosted in plagioclase gneiss of the Qincanggou Formation in the Taihua Group in the Xiaoqinling region, central China. This quartz vein-type Au deposit comprises native Au and a variety of tellurides. The latter include calaverite (AuTe2), krennerite (Au3AgTe8), petzite (Au3AgTe2...

The La’erma and Qiongmo Au–Se deposits are characterized by a paragenetic Au–Se association hosted in the siliceous formation of the Cambrian Taiyangding Group in the western Qinling Orogen, central China. The La’erma and Qiongmo Au–Se deposits, which are considered to be the Carlin gold deposits, comprise a variety of selenides, native gold, and s...

The Sanhetun tellurium-gold (Te-Au) deposit, located in the Duobaoshan polymetallic metallogenic belt (DPMB) within the eastern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a newly discovered small scale gold deposit. The mineralization, with resource of ≥ 4t Au, is mainly hosted in 3 NNE-trending alteration zones between granitic mylonite...

The Shuangwang Au deposit (with a gold resource of approximately 70 t Au), is located in the Fenxian-Taibai fore-arc basin in the West Qinling Orogen of central China. Igneous intrusions in the region include the Xiba granitic pluton and granite porphyry and lamprophyre dykes. The Xiba pluton is composed of granodiorite and monzonite granite. The g...

Scheelite, one kind of common REE-rich and U-bearing hydrothermal mineral, is extensively developed in various types of gold deposits, which can be used to record nature and timing of metallogenesis. The Zhaishang Carlin-like gold deposit in the Qinling Orogen is a giant Au deposit, hosting 127t of Au @ 2.67 g/t with economic concentrations of tung...

The Niuxingba-Liumukeng deposit, located in the Yinkeng ore field (Jiangxi province, South China), is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit hosted in the Yudu-Ganxian metallogenic belt. Based on the field investigation and mineralogical studies, the mineralization of this deposit can be divided into three stages: quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite stage (I), quartz-g...

The Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin is a late Paleozoic rifted basin with a series of Au-Hg-Sb deposits that have been found, mostly along the Nanyangshan fault. Recently discovered large- and medium-sized gold deposits such as the Xiaohe and Wangzhuang deposits exhibit typical characteristics of Carlin-type gold deposits. Therefore, it is imperative to sele...

Although scandium is commonly concentrated to economic levels by magmatic processes, hydrothermal fluids also play an important role in its concentration. Indeed, the most important source of scandium is currently the Bayan Obo deposit in China, where scandium is extracted from hydrothermally produced aegirine. To know how and why scandium is conce...

Skarn-type tungsten deposits are widely distributed all over the world and contribute more than 70% of the world’s W supply. The temporal relation between the W mineralization and causative intrusions and the evolution of ore-forming fluids are matters of ongoing debate. In this study, we combine in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element comp...

Alkaline rock-type rare-earth (RE) ores have significant utilisation value. However, the exploitation of such resources faces great challenges owing to the complex mineral and element assemblages. Composite collectors exhibit excellent performances, which may provide solutions to the flotation problem of alkaline rock-type RE ores. Therefore, 16 co...

The eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China is one of the world’s well-known Ag-Pb-Zn-Mo metallogenic provinces, and the late Mesozoic magmas have been considered to supply dominant metals for mineralization. However, Cu mineralization in this belt is relatively rare. The Zhalageamu deposit is a newly discovered copper deposit i...

The Gongguan deposit in southern Qinling district, central China, is characterized by a Hg and Sb metal association, with proven reserves of 7,543 t Hg and 17,100 t Sb. The Hg-Sb mineralized veins are primarily hosted by local Lower Devonian dolomite. Three primary paragenetic stages have been identified, including (I) pyrite-dolomite-quartz, (II)...

Numerous skarn-type Sn deposits have been identified in the Nanling Range (South China), of which the Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Bi-Mo, Xianghualing Sn, Jinchuantang Sn-Bi, and Hehuaping Sn deposits are the largest. The Xianghualing deposit, which is the focus of this study, hosts a resource of 0.17 Mt Sn grading 0.93–1.39 wt% SnO2. Whether the distal skarn-t...

The Suolong gold deposit is in the eastern part of the Min‐Li metallogenic belt within the West Qinling Orogen. It is hosted in Lower Permian sandstone and siltstone. The gold mineralization is fault‐ and joint‐controlled. Four hydrothermal stages of mineralization, including the sulphide‐quartz stage, the arsenian pyrite‐quartz stage, the polymeta...

The Wulong deposit is one of the largest quartz vein-type gold deposits with at least 80 tons of identified gold reserves in the eastern part of the Liaodong Peninsula. Gold orebodies are mainly hosted in the Late Jurassic gneissic two-mica granite and Early Cretaceous diorite dykes, and are structurally controlled by the NNE- and NW-trending fault...

Cinnabar (α-HgS) is the most common sulfide of mercury while metacinnabar (β-HgS), a high-temperature homogeneous polymorph of the mercury sulfide, is relatively rare, and the α phase of cinnabar transforms to the β phase at 344 °C. Meanwhile, there is a complete isomorphic series between HgS and HgSe, and the occurrence of Se-bearing metacinnabar...

A detailed textual and geochemical study of tourmaline is presented to trace fluid evolution and ore genesis of the Laodou gold deposit in West Qinling Orogen, Northwest China. Based on petrographic observations and relationships to gold mineralization, three generations and five types of tourmaline were identified. The pre-ore tourmaline generatio...

Porphyry-type Mo deposits have supplied most of the Mo to the world. However, the source of the Mo and the controls on its enrichment in such deposits is still a matter of great debate. In this study, we present in situ trace element and isotopic data for a giant porphyry Mo deposit (the Chalukou Mo deposit in NE China) and use these data to addres...

The Dafang gold deposit is one of the representative gold mineralization in southern Hunan province, South China. The gold orebodies mainly occur in the contact zones between late Jurassic granodiorite porphyry and late Paleozoic limestone as well as the fractures in them. Three primary mineralizing stages have been identified: pyrite + arsenopyrit...

The Tudigou porphyry Cu deposit is located in the central part of the southern Qinling belt. Copper mineralization is closely associated with monzogranite porphyry. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of monzogranite porphyry suggests that the ages of magmatism at Tudigou vary between 150 ± 1 and 148 ± 1 Ma and overlap with the molybdenite Re–Os age of 15...

The Quaternary was the main evaporite deposition period in the Qaidam Basin (QB), but the correlation between the evaporite deposition period and glacial period is still unclear. In this paper, the research objects are mainly evaporite‐bearing strata in a 461.58 m‐long drill core in the QB. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micro...

The Jinqu Au deposit is located in the central Xiaoqinling gold field along the southern margin of the North China Craton. Ore-bearing auriferous quartz veins in the deposit are controlled by E–W trending structures within amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Archean Taihua Group. The ore-forming process in this deposit can be divided into f...

The Xiqianluzi Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast of the southern Beishan belt, whereas the ore‐forming metal sources are still unclear. Its Pb–Zn ore bodies mainly occur in the Changcheng system Qianluzigou Group metamorphic clastic rocks, showing zonation of Cu–Zn–Pb metals from deep to surface. The ore structures are mainly b...

The solubility of ScF 3 (solid) and the speciation of scandium in fluoride-bearing aqueous solutions with HF concentrations from 0.53 mmol/kg to 645.12 mmol/kg were investigated at temperatures from 100 to 250 o C and vapor-saturated water pressure. The results of the experiments show that ScF 2 + and ScF 3 o are the dominant species in fluoride-be...

The Bailingshan deposit is an economically important Fe deposit in Eastern Tianshan, located in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. The orebodies at Bailingshan are mainly hosted in the Carboniferous volcanic rocks. In this study, new secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating, whole roc...

The Jinqu Au deposit is located in the central Xiaoqinling gold field along the southern margin of the North China Craton. Ore-bearing auriferous quartz veins in the deposit are controlled by E-W trending structures within amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Archean Taihua Group. The ore-forming process in this deposit can be divided into f...

Late Mesozoic Nantai porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Northern Qinling terrane, eastern China. The intrusions at Nantai include lamprophyre, quartz porphyry, and granite porphyry. Among them, molybdenum mineralization is associated with quartz porphyry and granite porphyry. The ore-bearing porphyries and ore-barren lamprophyres emplaced at ca....

Coupled dissolution–reprecipitation (CDR) reactions and low-melting point chalcophile elements (LMCE) melt scavenging are effective mechanisms for gold remobilization and are important for the formation of Te-Au deposits. The Dabaiyang deposit is a typical Te-Au deposit in the Zhangjiakou district and contains tellurides, including altaite, hessite...

The Zhuxi skarn W-Cu ore deposit (reserves of 3.44 Mt @ 0.5% WO3, 0.11 Mt @ 0.57% Cu) is located in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China, which is the largest tungsten deposit in the world. The W mineralization mainly occurs in skarns related to the Late Jurassic granitoids, and less in greisens and scheelite-quartz-muscovite veins. There is still a la...

The Dafang is a hydrothermal gold deposit (6 t Au with an average grade of 1.8 g/t) in periphery of the Sn-Cu metallogenic system in Nanling Range in south China. This deposit locates in the contact zone between late Jurassic granodiorite porphyry and late Paleozoic limestone as well as the fractures of them. The mineralization comprises three stag...

Continental convergent margins are commonly considered as significant sites for understanding crustal reworking and growth, but the geodynamic processes involving crustal growth remain highly debatable. Triassic intermediate–felsic intrusive rocks are widespread in the northwestern segment of the West Qinling orogenic belt on the NE Tibetan Plateau...

Permian granitoids have been identified in the Zhalageamu district, Inner Mongolia, NE China, which provide an excellent opportunity to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). In this study, we determined the zircon UPb ages of the quartz diorite, granodiorite porphyry, diorite porphyry and granite porphyry at Zh...

The newly discovered Anfangba gold deposit is hosted in the Middle Triassic pumpellyite-actinolite facies metamorphosed turbidites in the western Qinling Orogen, Central China. It is characterized by a pyrite-quartz vein type, a medium-high temperature, and the development of visible gold and abundant bismuthides. It is the first reported Au-Bi-ass...

The Sanchakou Cu deposit is located in the eastern section of the Dananhu magmatic arc in the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, northwest China. Sanchakou is hosted by quartz diorite and granodiorite intrusions. Chalcopyrite and bornite are the dominant ore minerals and occur as disseminations, patches, veins, and veinlets. Secondary ion mass spectro...

The Chigou copper deposit is situated in the southern part of the Qinling orogenic belt, central China, where quartz diorite and quartz diorite porphyry are associated with porphyry-type copper mineralization. Copper generally occurs as veins, veinlets, and disseminations within-host porphyries. The zircon dates tightly constrain the timing of host...

The Azhahada quartz vein-type Cu-Bi deposit is located in the Erenhot-East Ujimqin polymetallic metallogenic belt, on the western part of the Great Xing’an Range, Inner Mongolia, northeast China. The Cu-Bi veins are hosted by volcanic and metasedimentary rocks in the Devonian Niqiuhe Formation and Carboniferous felsic intrusions (monzogranite, syen...

The Haobugao skarn Zn-Pb ore deposit (reserves of 0.29 Mt @ 4.24% Zn, 0.15 Mt @ 2.25% Pb) is located in the southern Great Xing’an Range (SXGR) Cu-Mo-Ag-Au-Pb-Zn-Fe metallogenic province in northeastern China. The ore bodies mainly occur near the contact zones between the early Cretaceous granite and the lower Permian carbonates and sometimes in di...

The Gangcha gold deposit, in the western zone of the Xiahe-Hezuo region within the West Qinling orogen of Central China, is a newly discovered medium-scale epithermal gold deposit with 19 tons of identified gold reserves. mainly hosted in the Permian metasedimentary rocks and Triassic altered volcaniclastic rocks, and gold mineralization is closely...

The Beiya gold deposit (323t of gold @ 2.47 g/t) is located in the centre of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan potassium alkaline porphyry Cu-Au metallogenic belt in SW China, which is the largest skarn gold deposit in China. As the dominant ore mineral at Beiya, magnetite has been selected as a petrogenetic indicator to understand the ore-forming process....

In order to characterize antimony (Sb) isotope fractionation in hydrothermal systems, we present Sb isotope compositions of primary stibnite ores from a large Sb deposit in south China. A total number of 39 analyses reveals a large δ 123 Sb range of-0.27 to +0.86‰, representing an up to 1.13‰ variation in this hydrothermal system. A gradual increas...

The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te deposit in Evia Island (Greece) comprises sixteen syntaxial veins that intersect the schists and marbles of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. The veins are filled with quartz-I and quartz-II, contain two hypogene ore stages (stages I and II), and are surrounded by infrequent muscovite-chlorite alteration zones. A magmatic origin...

Iron and Magnesium isotopes have been increasingly widely applied to trace mineralization processes of hydrothermal ore systems. In this study, Fe and Mg isotope compositions of whole-rocks, Fe-bearing minerals (pyrite and ankerite) and Mg-bearing mineral (ankerite) from the Shuangwang gold deposits are investigated to evaluate Fe and Mg isotope be...

Whether giant porphyry ore deposits are the products of single, short-lived magmatic-hydrothermal events or multiple events over a prolonged interval is a topic of considerable debate. Previous studies, however, have all been devoted to porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo deposits. In this paper, we report high-precision isotope dilution-negative-thermal ionizat...

The Dabaiyang deposit is a typical Te-Au deposit hosted in Archean metamorphic rock in the Zhangjiakou district, northern margin of the North China Craton. It is located close to the famous Dongping Te-Au deposit; however, few researches have performed on the Archean metamorphic rock hosted Te-Au deposits, which precludes the studies on enrichment...

The Zaozigou gold deposit (ZZGD) located within the West Qinling Orogen in China, with 142 t of Au at an average grade of 2.69 g/t, is hosted in a sequence of metasediments and altered dacitic to granodioritic rocks. The majority of gold is present as invisible gold in disseminated arsenian pyrite. Here we investigate the morphological and composit...

The Tuwu porphyry Cu deposit is located in the northern segment of the Jueluotage metallogenic belt in Eastern Tianshan, on the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. Tuwu is hosted by diorite porphyry and tonalite porphyry intrusions, which intruded volcanic rocks of the Carboniferous Qi’eshan Group. Four st...

The Chigou porphyry Cu deposit is located in eastern segment of the Southern Qinling metallogenic belt, on the southern margin of the Central China Orogenic Belt. Copper mineralization is associated with quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry, and occurs as veins, veinlets, disseminations, or veinlet-disseminations within host...

The Yinachang Fe-Cu-Au-U-REE deposit is hosted by the lower part of the Paleoproterozoic Kunyang Group in the central Yunnan Province of SW China in an area known to contain iron-oxide Cu-Au mineralisation. The deposit includes: (i) the sulphide assemblage chalcopyrite – pyrite – magnetite – cobaltite – molybdenite – cassiterite; (ii) Rare Earth El...

The Jinqu Au deposit, located in central Xiaoqinling gold field along the North China Craton’s southern margin, has total reserve of 21 t of Au with 4.23 g/t Au on average. It consists cccmainly of ore-bearing auriferous quartz veins in amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Archean Taihua Group. The deposit’s mineral paragenesis and ore-formi...

The Cihai Fe deposit (100 Mt @ 48% Fe) represents an economically important iron deposit in Beishan Terrane, on the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. Many Late Carboniferous to Permian Fe(-Cu) deposits (e.g., Yamansu, Shaquanzi, and Weiya) are also present in adjacent Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt. The...

The genesis of orogenic gold deposits in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) is still ambiguous, and this is addressed in this case study on the Zhangquanzhuang gold deposit. This deposit shows features typical of orogenic gold deposits, including quartz vein-type mineralization controlled by shear zones, sericite-quartz-pyrite-carb...

The Shangdan district in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt hosts the largest pegmatite-type uraniferous province in China. The Xiaohuacha U mineralization in this district occurs along the contact zone between biotite pegmatite and its host rock of biotite gneiss, adjacent to the composite Huichizi batholith, which is composed mainly of biotite monzo...

Microporous gold is common in many Te-Au deposits. Experimental formation and textures of microporous gold have recently been studied. However, few studies have worked on naturally occurring microporous gold. At the Dongping gold deposit, which is one of the most studied Au-Ag-Te deposits in China natural microporous gold is widely distributed in b...

The Linglong porphyry Cu deposit is located in the Dananhu–Tousuquan Arc Belt, adjacent to the large Tuwu–Yandong Cu deposits in Eastern Tianshan, northwest China. In this study, zircon U–Pb, whole rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf–O isotopic analyses were carried out on the Linglong intrusions (i.e., quartz albite porphyry and diorite porphyry). Ne...

The Caixiashan sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit (131 Mt at 3.95% Zn + Pb) is located in the western segment of eastern Tianshan, on the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. Zinc and lead mineralization is mainly hosted in the dolomite marble of the Mesoproterozoic Kawabulake Group. Four stages (I to IV) of hyd...

The newly-discovered Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit with 145 Mt of ore grading 128.5 g/t Ag (locally up to 32,000 g/t) and 2.2 wt.% Pb+Zn is located in the Great Hinggan Range (GHR) Metallogenic Belt, northeastern China, and is currently the largest Ag deposit in Asia. The Ag-Pb-Zn orebodies occur as veins and are hosted primarily by a Permian s...

Objective The Xiaoqinling district is the second largest gold-bearing province in China after the Jiaodong region located in the eastern North China Craton. At present, seven large, 20 medium-sized and 28 small gold deposits have been discovered, and more than 1200 gold-bearing quartz veins have been identified within the metamorphic rocks of the T...

In the Cu‐Au‐Pb‐Zn‐Ag polymetallic mineralization belt of the conjuncture of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou, occurs the Taiping Pb‐Zn deposit in Proterozoic metamorphic rock strata accompanied by late Proterozoic volcanic rocks. Previous studies on this type of Pb‐Zn deposits are limited. The main purpose of this work is to investigate its metallogen...

The Yangla copper deposit (Cu reserves: 1.2 Mt) in the Jinshajiang-Lancangjiang-Nujiang region in China is spatially associated with the Linong granitoid. Zircon U-Pb dating shows the granitoid formed at 234.1 1.2 to 235.6 1.2 Ma, and the KT2 ore body of the deposit yields a molybdenite Re-Os model age of 230.9 3.2 Ma. The ages of mineralization an...

The Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit with a reserve of 145 Mt @128.5 g/t Ag (c. = 18,600 t or 600 Moz Ag) and 2.2 wt% @ Pb + Zn (=3.2 Mt) in the Great Hinggan Range (GHR) ore district in NE China is the largest known silver deposit in Asia. The Ag-Pb-Zn mineralized veins are primarily hosted by a Permian slate unit. Three primary paragenetic stage...

The biotite pegmatites in the Shangdan domain of the North Qinling orogenic belt contain economic concentrations of U, constituting a low-grade, large-tonnage pegmatite-hosted uraniferous province. Uraninite is predominant and ubiquitous ore mineral and coffinite is common alteration mineral after initial deposit formation. A comprehensive survey o...

The quartz vein-style Dahu Au-Mo deposit, with an average grade of 6.8 g/t for 38 tons Au, and an average grade of 0.24% for 100,000 tons Mo, is situated in the Xiaoqinling region in the northernmost part of Qinling orogen in China. It is characterized by enrichment of native gold, molybdenite, telluride and Bi-sulfosalt. The current understanding...

The Haigou lode gold deposit (>40 tons [t] at 3.4 g/t), which is located near the eastern boundary of the Central Asian orogenic belt and the North China craton, is one of the largest gold deposits in northeastern China. Native gold is intergrown with molybdenite and pyrite in auriferous quartz veins hosted by a monzogranite-monzonite stock and loc...

The large Shuangwang gold deposit (>80 t gold) is located in the Western Qinling Orogen (WQO) of central China. It is an orogenic-type gold deposit hosted in an NW-extending breccia belt in the Devonian Xinghongpu Formation. Gold mineralization of the Shuangwang deposit is featured by hydrothermal breccia ores with strata fragments cemented by hydr...

The large Shuangwang gold deposit (>80 t gold) is located in the Western Qinling Orogen (WQO) of central China. It is an orogenic-type gold deposit hosted in an NW-extending breccia belt in the Devonian Xinghongpu Formation. Gold mineralization of the Shuangwang deposit is featured by hydrothermal breccia ores with strata fragments cemented by hydr...