Jesus Rodriguez-Maroto

• Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

Within the framework of the AVIATOR project (Assessing Impact of aviation emissions on local air quality at airports: TOwards Regulation), two experimental campaigns were carried out at Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas airport at the Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas airport, northeast of Madrid located northeast of Madrid (Spain). The experimental equi...

A high fidelity air quality measurement system consisting of a Baseline System including on-line (TSI SMPS) and off-line measurement devices (high volume PM10 sampler and low pressure Berner type impactor (BLPI)) was placed between the two runways of Madrid-Barajas airport. Metallic elements were determined in the collected filters and substrates b...

Differential Mobility Analyzers (DMA) have been studied for decades to classify a wide range of particle sizes. Its correct behavior is determined by the resolution, influenced by Brownian diffusion losses, distortions in the electric and flow field. The design configuration, especially inlets and outlets, can be a reason of these effects, affectin...

AVIATOR Project is divided into the following three main pillars: - The first pillar is related to the experimental measurement campaigns which will be carried out across the project in order to assess and standardize the measurement systems of aircraft engine emissions. This block contains WPs 2, 3 & 4, - The second pillar includes the WPs 5 & 6...

Emissions from aircraft engines have adverse effects on air quality in and around airports, contributing to health concerns within neighboring communities. To improve airport local air quality (LAQ) assessment, further understanding and determination of Total Particulate Matter (TPM) within aircraft engine exhaust plumes is required. This study, su...

“AVIATOR Project: UFP size distribution characteristics from in-stack measurements of evolving aircraft engine exhaust at INTA”: The objective of this study is the evaluation of the particle size emitted by a large aircraft engine. In this investigation, the UFP size distribution has been assessed with two devices that use different technologies fo...

Concentric-cylindrical electrical condensers, commonly employed in laboratory research work to precipitate charged aerosol particles (electrostatic precipitator, ESP), can also be used to measure the mean electric mobility of the aerosol and to estimate its mobility distribution. A theoretical research has been carried out to describe the performan...

Bipolar charging and neutralization of aerosol particles with diameter below 10 nm in a circular tube with uniform ion-pair generation have been studied theoretically to determine the conditions required to reach the stationary charge distribution. In order to reach the stationary distribution the initial ion-to-aerosol number concentration ratio,...

COMBINING NON-INTRUSIVE AND EXTRACTIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR SOOT DETERMINATION ON AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS

A feasible alternative for agricultural or forestry waste management is the operation of a distributed network of sustainable Medium Combustion Plants (MCPs). However, one of the main factors that hinder its development is the propensity to operational problems derived from corrosion, slagging and fouling characteristics of both bottom and fly ashe...

A miniaturized analytical procedure to determine selected polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in low mass loadings (<10 mg) of particulate matter (PM) is evaluated. The proposed method is based on a simple sonication/agitation method using small amounts of solvent for extraction. The use of a reduced sample size of particulate matter is often limi...

The aim of this work was to optimize and evaluate an analytical procedure to determine selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using real samples. Samples of ash were collected during biomass combustion tests under different operating conditions during one week. PAHs were quantified using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection....

Control of particulate matter emissions by means of hybrid filter has been included in the experimental plan of a research project in the field of Mediterranean agro-forestry waste biomass combustion at medium scale. Application of hybrid filters to biomass combustion has not been thoroughly experimented so far. An identification of the most import...

A simple analytical method using low volumes of solvent for determining selected PAHs and NPAHs in PM samples is presented. The proposed extraction method was compared with pressurized fluid (PFE) and microwave (MC) extraction techniques and intermediate precision associated to analytical measurements were estimated. Extraction by agitation with 8...

As aircraft traffic grows and other combustion sources become cleaner, the potential importance of aircraft related emissions increases in relation to both health and environmental effects. There is currently minimal data available to provide speciation profiles of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for local air quality analysis purposes. INT...

As the aviation sector continues to grow into the future, there is concern about atmospheric and Local Air Quality (LAQ) particle emissions and their impact on the environment and on human health (Waitz, 2004). Within this study, a series of particulate emissions experiments were carried out on different turbofan engines at INTA Turbojet Test Centr...

The determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in aerosols is still an attractive target for analytical purposes. However, the analysis is complicated for samples with very low mass loading, for which the sample preparation often involve a large consume of time and solvent, with a high risk of loss of analytes. It is necessary to stress...

This work demonstrates the feasibility of a robust and effective control of the emissions of particulate matter and heavy metals from olive tree pruning combustion, as well as from its blends with two customary local components (a composted fraction of sewage sludge and a fraction of municipal solid waste with a high plastic content), in an approxi...

Present work shows the results of a study on emission of particulate matter (PM) during a series of tests carried out in the Turbojet Engine Test Centre of INTA. Engines are subjected to different operation cycles in which the power delivered by the engine was varied. The measurements were performed in the facility stack.

The ambient particle number concentration and size distribution have been measured in an urban background site in Madrid, a continental Mediterranean area, over more than two years (Oct 2006–Dec 2008). The objective was to study the sources and processes affecting or contributing to fine and ultrafine particles in this area. They have been measured...

During DAURE 2009 winter field campaign, one of the sampling sites was Montseny, a rural background station located 40 km NNE from Barcelona and 25 km W from the Mediterranean Sea. It is a Natural Park and a protected area, thus with low human activity, mainly agriculture. The sampling station was located on a valley with it axis oriented on the di...

The greater use of biomass as a fuel in thermochemical conversion processes makes it necessary to investigate clean and efficient transformations of this fuel, which contribute to better air quality. The emission of biomass combustion contains toxic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), in gas phase and / or associated with pa...

Se presenta una descripción técnica pormenorizada de cada uno de los elementos que una instalación que constituye un Banco de motores estacionarios para estudio de emisiones ha integrado y cuya capacidad abarca a estudios de los efectos del motor, combustible, condiciones de operación, y metodología de muestreo y medida sobre las emisiones (gases y...

La generación de energía a partir de productos vegetales es una de las posibilidades a nuestro alcance para reducir la contaminación atmosférica. En particular, la utilización de biodiésel en motores de combustión interna puede ser una de las mejores opciones. Las partículas más finas emitidas por los motores de combustión son fácilmente respirable...

Se presenta la evolución que tiene lugar en los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, HAPs, de la emisión de combustión Diesel, en función del porcentaje de biodiesel usado en la mezcla de combustible. Se utilizó un motor Diesel con una potencia de 97 kW.

El desarrollo de materiales filtrantes cerámicos catalíticos, orientados a la reducción catalítica selectiva de óxidos de nitrógeno, capaces de operar a temperaturas suficientemente altas permiten obtener rendimientos de reacción superiores al 90%. Por otra parte, la absorción en seco de gases ácidos, como dióxido de azufre o cloruro de hidrógeno,...

En este trabajo, se presentan algunos resultados previos para la valoración de emisiones en un motor diesel con una potencia máxima de 97 kW, funcionando sin carga a 600 r.p.m, utilizando como combustible mezclas de biodiesel y gasóleo en diferentes proporciones. El estudio se ha desarrollado dentro del proyecto “Evaluación de Emisiones de Biodiese...

The increased use of biomass as a fuel in thermochemical conversion processes over the coming years, makes the research of a clean and efficient process necessary. The experiments were carried out in a pilot atmospheric fluidised bed combustion plant of 1 MW[th], where the parameters had been optimised to obtain a clean biomass combustion process....

Removing very fine particles in the 0.01-1 micro m range generated in diesel combustion is important for air pollution abatement because of the impact such particles have on the environment. By forming larger particles, acoustic agglomeration of submicron particles is presented as a promising process for enhancing the efficiency of the current filt...

The present document constitutes a methodology proposal for a complete characterization of aerosol particles from industrial emissions, although its versatility makes possible its use in inmissions or environment.

Evolution of norms and legislation in different world regions are forcing investigators who work in electrical generation and cogeneration plants, to look for more effective ways to control polluting emissions. At the moment, automotive engine emission regulation norms are much more demanding that those for stationary engines (power ≥ 0.5 MW). Cons...

La eliminación de partículas finas (< 2.5 μm) de las emisiones producidas en plantas de combustión de carbón y gasoil es uno de los principales problemas en la contaminación atmosférica. Las técnicas de filtración convencionales resultan ineficientes en la retención de estas partículas por lo que es necesario desarrollar nuevas tecnologías. La aglo...

The application of a high-intensity acoustic field to an aerosol induces agglomeration processes which changes the size distribution in favor of larger particles, which are then easier to precipitate with a conventional separator. In this work, we present a semiindustrial pilot plant in which this process is applied for reduction of particle emissi...

This chapter presents a sampling and measurement system, which because of its versatility permits its utilization under all required conditions. Some results of preliminary experiments are presented that provided means for the validation of the method and for the characterization of the fumes in the whole process. The experiment permits verificatio...

The results of the exploratory containment iodine chemistry calculations related to the first Phebus-FP test (benchmark exercise for explaining the reasons for code inconsistencies and realistic calculation for test preparation) are reported. Calculations have been performed by CEA/IPSN/DRS/SEMAR-Cadarache (France), CIEMAT-Madrid (Spain), GRS-K61n...

The intrinsic characteristics of iodine make it a relevant concern as to its potential radiobiological impact in case of a hypothetical severe accident in nuclear power plants. This paper summarizes the major results drawn from a very simple but illustrative calculation exercise aimed at weighing how significant could be taking iodine chemistry in...

El informe ofrece una visión integrada de aquellos fenómenos físico-químicos que condicionan el comportamiento del yodo en la Contención de una Planta Nuclear y de su contribución al término fuente susceptible de alcanzar el medioambiente en caso de u hipotético accidente severo, en el que no actúen ningún tipo de salvaguardias tecnológicas.

Los programas de cálculo, capaces de reproducir la química accidental en la Contención de Reactores Nucleares, se encuentra actualmente en período de validación . Esto hace que, en ocasiones, los resultados para un mismo ejercicio puedan ser incongruentes. Con el fin de evitar futuras discrepancias en el análisis del ensayo PHEBUS/FPT-0 se ha lleva...

La fase B del proyecto internacional ACE estudia la influencia de la conducta química del yodo en su retención, bajo condiciones accidentales. Entre sus objetivos, el desarrollo y mejora de las herramientas de cálculo tiene un carácter prioritario. En este informe se presentan los principales resultados obtenidos en los análisis pretest de los expe...

El creciente interés suscitado por el comportamiento de los productos de fisión en caso de accidente grave en el campo de la Seguridad Nuclear, ha promovido el estudio de radioisótopos especialmente significativos en la composición del término fuente potencial a la atmósfera, el yodo es , sin lugar a duda un claro exponente de ello. El presente inf...