Jesús G. Pallarés

University of Murcia | UM · Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte

Cuantificación de la carga física y psicológica en fútbol profesional: diferencias según el nivel competitivo y efectos sobre el resultado en competición oficial ABSTRACT: This study analyzes the response of professional soccer players from different performance levels to the competition and training stimuli, as well as the relationship with the sp...

Purpose: This study compared the effects of off- and on-bike resistance training (RT) on endurance cycling performance as well as muscle strength, power and structure. Methods: Well-trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to incorporate two sessions/week of off- (full squats, n=12) or on-bike (all-out efforts performed against very high resist...

We quantified and compared the mechanical force demands relative to the maximum dynamic force (MDF) of 11 cyclists when pedaling at different intensities (ventilatory threshold, maximum lactate steady state, respiratory compensation point, and maximal aerobic power), cadences (free, 40, 60 and 80 rpm), and all-out resisted sprints. Relative force d...

Background: Durability (ie, the ability to attenuate the decline in performance after accumulated work) has been identified as a performance determinant in elite cyclists. The aim of the present study was to compare durability in elite cyclists of various performance levels, particularly after high-intensity work, referred to as "high-intensity dur...

We aimed to determine the feasibility, test–retest reliability and long-term stability of a novel method for assessing the force (torque)-velocity (cadence) profile and maximal dynamic force (MDF) during leg-pedaling using a friction-loaded isoinertial cycle ergometer and a high-precision power-meter device. Fifty-two trained male cyclists complete...

Objectives: To investigate the synergist effects of exercise and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function, and muscle power in institutionalized older people. Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Participants: Seventy-two institutionalized older adults (age = 83 ± 10 years old; 63% women) were randomized in four...

We examined the effect of breast cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy on the relationship between bar velocity and relative intensity (load-velocity [L-V] relationship) of the bench press (BP) exercise. Twenty-two breast cancer survivors (age: 48.0±8.2 yr., relative strength: 0.40±0.08) completed a loading test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM)...

Purpose: To compare the effects of free-weight and machine-based resistance training on strength, hypertrophy, and joint discomfort. Methods: Thirty-eight resistance-trained men participated in an 8-week resistance program allocated into free-weight (n = 19) or machine-based (n = 19) groups. Training variables were identical for both modalities,...

Purpose: The record power profile (RPP) has gained popularity as a method of monitoring endurance cycling performance. However, the expected variation of cyclists' performance between seasons remains unknown. We aimed to assess the between-seasons variability of peak performance (assessed through the RPP) in male professional cyclists. Methods:...

Background Although the superior effectiveness of free‐weight over machine‐based training has been a traditionally widespread assumption, longitudinal studies comparing these training modalities were scarce and heterogeneous. Objective This research used the velocity‐based method to compare the effects of free‐weight and machine‐based resistance t...

Hernández-Belmonte, A, Buendía-Romero, Á, Pallares, JG, and Martínez-Cava, A. Velocity-based method in free-weight and machine-based training modalities: the degree of freedom matters. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-This study aimed to analyze and compare the load-velocity relationships of free-weight and machine-based modalities of 4 res...

This study aimed to examine the sensitivity of the isometric knee extension (IKE) test to detect changes in the lower-limb strength of institutionalized older adults after exercise and inactivity periods. Thirty-four and fifteen institutionalized older adults completed the training and inactive periods, respectively. At each time point, the partici...

Muriel, X, Hernández-Belmonte, A, Mateo-March, M, Valenzuela, PL, Zabala, M, Barranco-Gil, D, Lucia, A, and Pallares, JG. Is the record power profile repeatable? A practical analysis and interpretation in professional cyclists. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-This study assessed the repeatability of the Record Power Profile (RPP, i.e., the...

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of physical exercise, respiratory muscle training and the self-management WHO recommendations leaflet on the recovery of physical fitness, quality of life and symptom status in people with post COVID-19 conditions. Eighty non-hospitalized adults with a post-COVID-19 condition were randomly as...

Purpose: No information is available on the torque/cadence relationship in road cyclists. We aimed to establish whether this relationship differs between cyclists of different performance levels or team roles. Methods: Mean maximal power (MMP) output data from 177 riders were obtained from 2012 to 2021 from training and competitions. Cyclists we...

Objective To investigate the influence of road gradient on cycling power output in male professional cyclists, and to determine whether cyclist typology (i.e., flat or climbing specialist, respectively) moderates this influence. Design Observational study. Methods Ninety-eight professional cyclists (27 ± 6 years) were included in the analyses, of...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of patients with post-COVID-19 condition undergoing supervised therapeutic exercise intervention or following the self-management WHO (World Health Organization) rehabilitation leaflet. Methods: A randomized controlled trial that included 39 participants with post-COVID-19 condition who h...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical fitness, cardiopulmonary function and patient-reported severity of symptoms in people with post-COVID-19 condition. We examined ambulatory patients (n = 72) with post-COVID-19 condition who had a chronic symptomatic phase lasting > 12 weeks from the onset of symptoms, but had...

Purpose: To determine the validity of field-derived mean maximum power (MMP) values for monitoring maximal cycling endurance performance. Methods: Twenty-seven male professional cyclists performed 3 timed trials (TTs) of 1-, 5-, and 20-minute duration that were used as the gold standard reference. Field-based power output data (3336 files; 124 [...

Purpose: To analyze the feasibility of the 2-point method for estimating ultrasound-derived quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area (QUADACSA). First, (1) the agreement between QUADACSA measured by panoramic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was studied, and thereafter, we examined 2 approaches of the 2-point method in terms of (2) es...

This study aimed to systematically review the effects of the different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) on strength and athletic adaptations. The VL was analyzed as both a categorical and continuous variable. For the categorical analysis, individual VL thresholds were divided into Low-ModVL (≤25% VL) or Mod-HighVL (>25%...

Purpose: To compare the strength and athletic adaptations induced by 4 programming models. Methods: Fifty-two men were allocated into 1 of the following models: linear programming (intensity increased while intraset volume decreased), undulating programming (intensity and intraset volume were varied in each session or set of sessions), reverse p...

Purpose: Ambient temperature affects endurance exercise performance. However, most research has been conducted in a laboratory-based setting, and whether there are sex-specific trends remains unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient temperature on cycling performance in male and female professional cyclists using field-...

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the influence of fatigue on the record power profile of professional male cyclists. We also assessed whether fatigue could differently affect cyclists of 2 competition categories. Methods: We analyzed the record power profile in 112 professional cyclists (n = 46 and n = 66 in the ProTeam [PT] and Wor...

Purpose: To present normative data for the record power profile of male professional cyclists attending to team categories and riding typologies. Methods: Power output data registered from 4 professional teams during 8 years (N = 144 cyclists, 129,262 files, and 1062 total seasons [7 (5) per cyclist] corresponding to both training and competitio...

Purpose: To describe the record power profile of professional female cyclists and to assess potential differences based on the type of rider. Methods: Power output data (32,028 files containing both training and competition sessions recorded) in 44 female professional cyclists during 1-6 years were analyzed. Cyclists were categorized as all-roun...

This study aimed to examine the validity and repeatability of panoramic ultrasound to evaluate the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of quadriceps femoris muscles. Specifically, we aimed to quantify the errors generated during the image acquisition and analysis (repeatability), as well as when comparing with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (v...

Patients recovering from COVID-19 commonly report persistence of dyspnea, exertional fatigue, and difficulties in carrying out their daily activities. However, the nature of these symptoms is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to identify limiting causes of cardiopulmonary origin for the performance of physical exercise in post-COVID-19 co...

The objective of the current study was to examine the validity and repeatability of panoramic ultrasound in evaluating the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the pectoralis major. Specifically, we aimed to quantify the measurement errors generated during the image acquisition and analysis (repeatability), as well as when comparing with magne...

Durability and repeatability (i.e. the ability to sustain high power output values under fatigue and to endure repeated high‐intensity efforts, respectively) are emerging as cycling performance determinants. We aimed to analyze whether these markers differ between professional cyclists of two competition levels (WorldTour [WT] and Proteam [PT]) dur...

Purpose: To compare the physical demands and performance indicators of male professional cyclists of 2 different categories (Union Cycliste Internationale WorldTour [WT] and ProTeam [PT]) during a cycling grand tour. Methods: A WT team (n = 8, 31.4 [5.4] y) and a PT team (n = 7, 26.9 [3.3] y) that completed "La Vuelta 2020" volunteered to partic...

Background Nowadays, there is a lack of consensus and high controversy about the most effective range of motion (ROM) to minimize the risk of injury and maximize the resistance training adaptations. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence examining the effects of full and partial ROM resistance trainin...

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether the benefits of long (24 weeks) and short (4 weeks) training programs persisted after short (6 weeks) and long (14 weeks) periods of inactivity in elderly nursing home residents with sarcopenia. Design: Multicenter randomized trial. Intervention: The Vivifrail tailored, multicomponent exercise programme (h...

Hernández-Belmonte, A, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Conesa-Ros, E, Martínez-Cava, A, and Pallarés, JG. Level of effort: A reliable and practical alternative to the velocity-based approach for monitoring resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-This study analyzed the potential of the level of effort methodology as an accurate indicator of...

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is leading to unknown and unusual health conditions that are challenging to manage. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is one of those challenges, having become increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. The latest estimates suggest that 10 t...

Purpose: To examine the reproducibility (intradevice and interdevice agreement) of the Rotor 2INpower device under a wide range of cycling conditions. Methods: Twelve highly trained male cyclists and triathletes completed 5 cycling tests, including graded exercise tests at different cadences (70-100 rpm), workloads (100-650 W), pedaling position...

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the recently developed Assioma Favero pedals under laboratory cycling conditions. In total, 12 well-trained male cyclists and triath- letes (VO2max = 65.7 ± 8.7 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed five cycling tests including graded exercises tests (GXT) at different cadences (70–100 revolutions per...

Purpose: A variation of the traditional squat (SQ) rebound technique (REBOUND) including a momentary pause ∼2 seconds (PAUSE) between eccentric and concentric phases has been proposed. Although there is a consensus about the lower acute effects on performance of this PAUSE variant compared with traditional REBOUND technique, no information exists...

This study aimed to compare the effect of linear (LP) and daily-undulating (DUP) programming models on neuromuscular and functional performance using the velocity-based resistance training (VBRT) approach. Thirty-two resistance trained men were randomly assigned into 2 groups: LP (n=16) or DUP (n=16). Both training groups completed an 8-week VBRT i...

This study aimed to analyze the validity and sensitivity of two time-shortened Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnTs), by means of three phases. In Phase A, 40 participants performed a traditional 30 s WAnT, whereas the first 15 s (WAnT15) and 20 s (WAnT20) were used to elaborate two predictive models. In Phase B, another 30 s WAnT was performed by 15 dif...

This is a randomized trial on sarcopenic older adults aged ≥ 75 years living in nursing homes. Participants completed 4 weeks of the tailored multicomponent exercise training program Vivifrail© (www.vivifrail.com).One group continued the intervention for a further 14 weeks, while the other interrupted the intervention for 14 weeks because of the CO...

It is unclear whether the traditional GXT is suitable to assess V̇o 2max changes in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome. Mean changes in V̇o 2max following exercise training were similar using GXT or VerT. However, we showed that the GXT overestimated V̇o 2max improvements in 41% and underestimated V̇o 2max improvements in 59% of subjects. Ou...

The purpose of this study was threefold: i) to analyse the load-velocity relationship of the shoulder press (SP) exercise, ii) to investigate the stability (intra-individual variability) of this load-velocity relationship for athletes with different relative strength levels, and after a 10-week velocity-based resistance training (VBT), and iii) to...

Purpose: The COVID-19 outbreak has challenged professional athletes' training and competition routines in a way not seen before. This report aims to inform about the changes in training volume and intensity distribution and their effects on functional performance due to a 7-week home-confinement period in professional road cyclists from a Union Cy...

This study determined the effects of a 4-week individualized multicomponent exercise program (Vivifrail) on physical frailty and functional disability in older adults living in nursing homes. Fourteen institutionalized older adults (aged 81.7 ± 9.7 years) volunteered to completed 4 weeks of the individualized Vivifrail exercise program (5 days a we...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232465.].

Despite the rising interest in the use of portable force sensors during isometric exercises to inform on neuromuscular performance, the design of practical field-based methods to obtain reliable measures is an ongoing challenge. We aim at identifying the intra-session and test-retest reliability of a rapid, isometric knee extension test to evaluate...

This study investigated the inter- and intra-device agreement of four new devices marketed for barbell velocity measurement. Mean, mean propulsive and peak velocity outcomes were obtained for bench press and full squat exercises along the whole load-velocity spectrum (from light to heavy loads). Measurements were simultaneously registered by two li...

This study investigated the inter- and intra-device agreement of four new devices marketed for barbell velocity measurement. Mean, mean propulsive and peak velocity outcomes were obtained for bench press and full squat exercises along the whole load-velocity spectrum (from light to heavy loads). Measurements were simultaneously registered by two li...

Highlights • Theoretical power models, based on laws of physics, would represent interesting proposals to examine the sensitivity of running power devices. • Running power output estimated by commercial technologies are particularly influenced by environment (indoor vs. outdoor) and running conditions (body weight, slope and running speed). • Th...

Training prescription and load monitoring in running activities have benefited from power output (PW) data obtained by new technologies. Nevertheless, to date, the suitability of PW data provided by these tools is still uncertain. In order to clarify this aspect, the present study aimed to: i) analyze the repeatability of five commercially availabl...

Three to 5 cycling tests to exhaustion allow prediction of time to exhaustion (TTE) at power output based on calculation of critical power (CP). We aimed to determine the accuracy of CP predictions of TTE at power outputs habitually endured by cyclists. Fourteen endurance-trained male cyclists underwent 4 randomized cycle-ergometer TTE tests at pow...

Lillo-Beviá, JR, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Cerezuela-Espejo, V, Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, and Pallarés, JG. Is the functional threshold power a valid metric to estimate the maximal lactate steady state in cyclists? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aims of this study were to determine (a) the repeatability of a 20-minute time-trial (TT...

This study aimed to analyze the influence of range of motion (ROM) on main biomechanical parameters of the bench press (BP) exercise: i) load-velocity relationship by mean (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV), ii) one-repetition maximum strength (1RM); iii) contribution of the propulsive and braking phases, and iv) presence of the sticking regio...

Both regular exercise training and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation are shown as effective treatments to delay or reverse frailty and reduce cognitive impairment in older people. However, there is very little evidence on the true benefits of combining both strategies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects o...

Martínez-Cava, A, Hernández-Belmonte, A, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Morán-Navarro, R, González-Badillo, JJ, and Pallarés, JG. Bench press at full range of motion produces greater neuromuscular adaptations than partial executions after prolonged resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Training at a particular range of motion (ROM) produ...

Background: Evidence supports the fact that multicomponent exercise and HMB supplementation are, separately, effective in improving older adult's health and palliate functional metabolic diseases in older people. However, the true effect of HMB supplementation combined with a tailored exercise program in frail older adults is still unknown. Thus,...

This is a respond to https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02304-2. This comment refers to the original article "Reproducibility and Repeatability of Five Different Technologies for Bar Velocity Measurement in Resistance Training" available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02265-6 Full text: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334017166_Te...

The choice of the optimal squatting depth for resistance training (RT) has been a matter of debate for decades and is still controversial. In this study, fifty-three resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to one of four training groups: full squat (F-SQ), parallel squat (P-SQ), half squat (H-SQ), and Control (training cessation). Experimenta...

This study aimed to analyze the agreement between five bar velocity monitoring devices, currently used in resistance training, to determine the most reliable device based on reproducibility (between-device agreement for a given trial) and repeatability (between-trial variation for each device). Seventeen resistance-trained men performed duplicate t...

This study aims to identify the measurement error associated with the mean movement velocity when using high-speed camera-based methods and video analysis during resistance training. Eleven resistance-trained men (26.0 ± 3.4 years) completed a progressive loading test in bench press exercise. Measurements from concentric mean velocity (MV), distanc...

This study was designed to validate a new short track test (Track(1:1)) to estimate running performance parameters maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), based on a laboratory treadmill protocol and gas exchange data analysis (Lab(1:1)). In addition, we compared the results with the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT)....

This study aimed to compare the load-velocity and load-power relationships of three common variations of the squat exercise. 52 strength-trained males performed a progressive loading test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the full (F-SQ), parallel (P-SQ) and half (H-SQ) squat, conducted in random order on separate days. Bar velocity and ver...

The aim of the present study was to study if training intensity relative to ventilatory thresholds (VTs) determines the improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in middle-aged sedentary individuals with obesity. Before and after 16-weeks of HIIT (43-min alternating bouts at 70/90% of HRMAX), oxygen consumption ( O2) and heart rate (HR) at ve...

The aims of this study were (1) to establish the best fit between ventilatory and lactate exercise performance parameters in running and (2) to explore novel alternatives to estimate the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) in well-trained runners. Twenty-two trained male athletes ( V ˙ O2max 60.2 ± 4.3 ml·kg·min-1) completed three maximal graded exerci...

This experiment investigates the validity of six thermometers with different measuring sensors, operation and site of application, to estimate core temperature (Tc) in comparison to an ingestible thermometric sensor based on quartz crystal technology. Measurements were obtained before, during and after exercise in the heat, controlling the presence...

The main aim of this study is to assess the validity of a new cycling protocol to estimate the Maximal Lactate Steady-State workload (MLSS) through a one-day incremental protocol (1day_MLSS). Eleven well-trained male cyclists performed 3 to 4 trials of 30-min constant load test (48-72h in between) to determine their respective MLSS workload. Then,...

To validate the new PowerTap P1® pedals power meter (PP1), thirty-three cyclists performed 12 randomized and counterbalanced graded exercise tests (100–500 W), at 70, 85 and 100 rev·min-1 cadences, in seated and standing positions. A scientific SRM system and a pair of PP1 pedals continuously recorded cadence and power output data. Significantly lo...

We sought to measure the response of cortisol concentrations around a professional tennis match and its association with hydration status and neuromuscular performance. Nine professional male tennis players were tested in a rest day, and 2-week after, during the first match of a professional tournament played in a clay-court. Salivary concentration...

Experimental data tennis study. (XLSX)

Purpose: To describe the acute and delayed time course of recovery following resistance training (RT) protocols differing in the number of repetitions (R) performed in each set (S) out of the maximum possible number (P). Methods: Ten resistance-trained men undertook three RT protocols [S × R(P)]: (1) 3 × 5(10), (2) 6 × 5(10), and (3) 3 × 10(10)...

Purpose: To validate the new drive indoor trainer Hammer designed by Cycleops®. Methods: Eleven cyclists performed 44 randomized and counterbalanced graded exercise tests (100-500W), at 70, 85 and 100 rev.min-1 cadences, in seated and standing positions, on 3 different Hammer units, while a scientific SRM system continuously recorded cadence and...