Jesus F Bermejo-Martin

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Verified

Jesus verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Professor
• Professor, PI at University of Salamanca

Pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza causes severe lower respiratory complications in rare cases. The association between host immune responses and clinical outcome in severe cases is unknown. We utilized gene expression, cytokine profiles and generation of antibody responses following hospitalization in 19 critically ill patients with primary pandemic A...

Increasing evidence supports a central role of the immune system in sepsis, but the current view of how sepsis affects immunity, and vice versa, is still rudimentary. The European Group on Immunology of Sepsis has identified major gaps that should be addressed with high priority, such as understanding how immunological alterations predispose to sep...

Abstract Background COVID-19 can course with respiratory and extrapulmonary disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in respiratory samples but also in blood, stool and urine. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a dysregulated host response to this virus. We studied whether viral RNAemia or viral RNA load in plasma is associated with severe COVID-19 and...

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients...

Sepsis is characterised by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Despite recognition of its significance, immune status monitoring is not implemented in clinical practice due in part to the current absence of direct therapeutic implications. Technological advances in immunological profiling could enhance our understanding of immune dysr...

Disease heterogeneity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may render the current one-size-fits-all treatment approach suboptimal. We aimed to identify and immunologically characterize clinical phenotypes among critically ill COVID-19 patients, and to assess heterogeneity of corticosteroid treatment effect. We applied consensus k-means clustering...

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment resp...

Background and Objective: The diagnosis of infection, especially in the context of septic shock, has traditionally relied on leukocyte counts and protein biomarkers. Despite advancements, mortality rates persistently range from 20% to 50%, increasing in the long term. The sepsis definition excludes leukocyte counts, and short-term mortality has bee...

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the vascular endothelium, which mediates the inflammatory and thrombotic cascade. Moreover, alterations in the endothelium are related to arterial stiffness, which has been established as a marker of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study is to analyse how the structure, vascular function, vascu...

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents a transitory status of immunoparalysis, and we hypothesized that ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) could share also some degree of immune response to a respiratory infection. Research design and methods: A prospective observational study in five medical ICUs to evaluate imm...

PurposeAlthough the prevalence of community-acquired respiratory bacterial coinfection upon hospital admission in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to be < 5%, almost three-quarters of patients received antibiotics. We aim to investigate whether procalcitonin (PCT) or C-reactive protein (CRP) upon admission could b...

Background: The identification of critically ill COVID-19 patients at risk of fatal outcomes remains a challenge. Here, we first validated candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for clinical decision-making in critically ill patients. Second, we constructed a blood miRNA classifier for the early prediction of adverse outcomes in the ICU. Meth...

Introduction: We analyzed the expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes in the nasopharynx of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and their association with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 223 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and nasopharyngeal sam...

Introduction Millions of deaths worldwide are a result of sepsis (viral and bacterial) and septic shock syndromes which originate from microbial infections and cause a dysregulated host immune response. These diseases share both clinical and immunological patterns that involve a plethora of biomarkers that can be quantified and used to explain the...

Objective the biomarkers’ performance for diagnosis and severity stratification of sepsis has not been properly evaluated anew using the SEPSIS-3 criteria introduced in 2016. We evaluated the accuracy of 21 biomarkers classically tested in sepsis research to identify infection, sepsis, and septic shock in surgical patients classified using SEPSIS-3...

Aim To use genus/species-specific genes droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays to detect/quantify bacterial DNA from Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp in blood samples. Methods and Results Bacterial DNA from clinical strains (4<n<12) was extracted, quantified and diluted (10-0.0001ng/μL) and ddPCR as...

Infection (either community acquired or nosocomial) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine. Sepsis is present in up to 30% of all ICU patients. A large fraction of sepsis cases is driven by severe community acquired pneumonia (sCAP), which incidence has dramatically increased during COVID-19 pandemics. A frequent comp...

Only PLAUR expression was significantly upregulated in the severe cases compared to mild cases Figure 1: Expression of A) PLAU and B) PLAUR in SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLAU and PLAUR encode uPA and uPAR proteins, respectively. Gene expression calculations were performed by the Ct (Treshold cycle) method. Data were normalized with respect to β-actin....

Background Up to 80% of patients surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection present persistent anomalies in pulmonary function after hospital discharge. There is a limited understanding of the mechanistic pathways linked to post-acute pulmonary sequelae. Aim To identify the molecular underpinnings associ...

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational...

Purpose: Although there is evidence supporting the benefits of corticosteroids in patients affected with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is little information related to their potential benefits or harm in some subgroups of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19. We aim to investigate to find candidate v...

There is a limited understanding of the pathophysiology of postacute pulmonary sequelae in severe COVID-19. The aim of current study was to define the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles associated with pulmonary function and radiologic features in survivors of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. The study included patients who developed ARDS secondary to S...

Background: A large percentage of patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection experience persistent lung dysfunction. The molecular factors that mediate pulmonary sequelae and recovery are unknown. Aim: We sought to comprehensively characterize the proteomic determinants of pulmonary diffusion i...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is responsible for over 400 million cases and over 5. 5 million deaths worldwide. In response to widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunization of the global population has approached 60% one dose and 54% full dose vaccination status. Emerging data indicates decreasing circulating antibody...

Objective To evaluate if the detection of N antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma by a rapid lateral flow test predicts 90-day mortality in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the wards. Methods The presence of N-antigenemia was evaluated in the first 36 hours following hospitalization in 600 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, by using the Panbio® COVID-19 A...

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic created tremendous challenges for health-care systems. Intensive care units (ICU) were hit with a large volume of patients requiring ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and other organ support with very high mortality. The Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), a network...

Background The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related critical illness is not completely understood. Here, we analyzed the microRNA (miRNA) profile of bronchial aspirate (BAS) samples from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU to identify prognostic biomarkers of fatal outcomes and to define molecular pathways involved in the disease...

To the Editor—We have read with interest the letter from Pati et al [1] about our recent article [2], and we appreciate the opportunity to clarify some points. In their letter, Pati et al say that “the study by Pérez-García et al also demonstrated a significant association of lower CCL5 with protection against ICU [intensive care unit] admission or...

Background: Some patients previously presenting with COVID-19 have been reported to develop persistent COVID-19 symptoms. While this information has been adequately recognised and extensively published with respect to non-critically ill patients, less is known about the incidence and factors associated with the characteristics of persistent COVID-...

Early detection of patients with respiratory infection at risk of deteriorating could help to improve their outcome by facilitating immediate transfer to the hospital to receive the adequate level of care. In this regard, gene expression profiling is emerging as a promising tool to identify patients with infection at risk of suffering a complicated...

Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for the initial control of viral replication, the clearance of SARS-CoV-2, and the progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and the expression of selected immune genes in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) of 255 SARS-CoV-2 in...

Background Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods Multicenter, observational, cohor...

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies prevent viral replication. Critically ill COVID-19 patients show viral material in plasma, associated with a dysregulated host response. If these antibodies influence survival and viral dissemination in ICU-COVID patients is unknown. Patients/methods: We studied the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies...

Background. Some patients who had previously presented with COVID-19 have been reported to develop persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Whilst this information has been adequately recognised and extensively published with respect to non-critically ill patients, less is known about the prevalence and risk factors and characteristics of persistent COVID_19...

Objectives: To compare the prognostic value of 3 severity scales: the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score, and the Severity Community-Acquired Pneumonia (SCAP) score. To build a new predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients over the age of 75 years admitted with pneumonia due to the coronavirus disease...

Background Fever-7 is a test evaluating host mRNA expression levels of IFI27, JUP, LAX, HK3, TNIP1, GPAA1 and CTSB in blood able to detect viral infections. This test has been validated mostly in hospital settings. Here we have evaluated Fever-7 to identify the presence of respiratory viral infections in a Community Health Center. Methods A prospe...

The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, with devastating consequences. While the medical community has gained insight into the epidemiology of COVID-19, important questions remain about the clinical complexities and underlying mechanisms of disease phenotypes. Severe COVID-19 most commonly involves respirat...

We aimed to examine the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and evaluate its potential as a source of biomarkers for the management of the disease. This was an observational and multicenter study that included 84 patients with a positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 recruited during the first pandem...

Background Lymphopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet its impact on outcomes in patients with CAP and sepsis remains unknown. We aim to investigate the impact of lymphopenia on outcomes, risk of ICU admission and mortality in CAP patients with sepsis. Methods This was a retrospective, observa...

Purpose: to evaluate the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgM and IgG antibodies with viral RNA load in plasma, the frequency of antigenemia and with the risk of mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies levels, viral RNA load and antigenemia were profiled in plasma of 92 adult patients in the fi...

Background More than 20% of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The long-term respiratory sequelae in ICU survivors remain unclear. Research question what are the major long-term pulmonary sequelae in critical COVID-19 survi...

Background The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasmas has been linked to disease severity and mortality. We compared RT‐qPCR to droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma from COVID‐19 patients (mild, moderate, and critical disease). Methods The presence/concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma was compared in three groups of C...

Rationale: whether systemic dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has any impact on COVID-19 severity and also on the immunological alterations observed in this disease is largely unknown. Objectives: We determined the association of plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA with clinical severity, laboratory findings and immunological parameters in a cohort of 250 patients wit...

We read with great interest the comment published by Andrianopoulos et al. in which the authors advocate for cautious use of tocilizumab in COVID‐19 patients ¹. Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin‐6 receptor which has immunosuppressive properties. Whereas accumulating results from uncontrolled trials present tocilizumab as...

Introduction: Urosepsis is an underdiagnosed entity with high morbidity and mortality and significant associated costs. The delay in diagnosis leads to an increased risk of multiorgan failure and death. Although its prognosis is better than that of other sepsis, the mortality rate is 20 - 40%. Objective: Describe the obstructive uropathy cases (...

This work analyzes the immunogenicity of six genetically engineered constructs based on Elastin-Like Recombinamers (ELRs) fused to the Gn glycoprotein from Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Upon transfection, all constructs showed no effect on cell viability. While fusion constructs including ELR blocks containing hydrophobic amino acids (alanine or...

Background following the SEPSIS‐3 consensus, detection of organ failure as assessed by the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score, is mandatory to detect sepsis. Calculating SOFA outside of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is challenging. The alternative in this scenario, the quick SOFA, is very specific but less sensible. Biomarkers could h...

COVID-19 case fatalities surged during the month of March 2020 in Italy, reaching over 10,000 by 28 March 2020. This number exceeds the number of fatalities in China (3,301) recorded from January to March, even though the number of diagnosed cases was similar (85,000 Italy vs. 80,000 China). Case Fatality Rates (CFR) could be somewhat unreliable be...

Background: Stratification of the severity of infection is currently based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, which is difficult to calculate outside the ICU. Biomarkers could help to stratify the severity of infection in surgical patients. Methods: Levels of ten biomarkers indicating endothelial dysfunction, 22 indicating...

Overuse of empiric antibiotic therapy in the ICU is responsible for promoting the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Shortened antibiotic treatment duration could contribute to palliating the emergence of MDR. Uncertainty about patient evolution is a major concern for deciding to stop antibiotics. Biomarkers could represent a comp...

Background: Lymphopenic patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have shown high mortality rates. Corticosteroids have immunomodulatory properties and regulate cytokine storm in CAP. However, it is not known whether their modulatory effect on cytokine secretion differs in lymphopenic and non-lymphopenic patients with CAP. Therefore, we aim...

Rationale: A depressed expression of antigen presentation is, along with endothelial dysfunction, a recognized signature of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to evaluate the expression of a number of genes involved in the immunological synapse in non-critically ill CAP patients with or without organ dysfunction and to profile end...

Background: Little is known about risk and prognostic factors in very old patients developing sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of data prospectively collected at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona over a 13-year period. Consecutive patients hospitalized with CAP were in...

Background: Little is known about risk and prognostic factors in very old patients developing sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of data prospectively collected at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona over a 13-year period. Consecutive patients hospitalized with CAP were inc...

Background: Intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia (ICU-AP) is a severe complication in patients admitted to the ICU. Lymphocytopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, but its impact on ICU-AP prognosis is unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether lymphocytopenia is an independent risk factor for mortality in...

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent cause of death worldwide. As recently described, CAP shows different biological endotypes. Improving characterization of these endotypes is needed to optimize individualized treatment of this disease. The potential value of the leukogram to assist prognosis in severe CAP has not been pre...

Objectives: Lymphopenic (<724 lymphocytes/µL) community-acquired pneumonia (L-CAP) is an immunophenotype with an increased risk of mortality. We aimed to characterize the l-CAP immunophenotype though lymphocyte subsets and the inflammatory response and its relationship with severity at presentation and outcome. Methods: Prospective study of 217...