Jessica Ong Hai Liaw

Verified

Jessica verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Jessica verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at National Defence University of Malaysia

This paper examines Cambodia – China relations and its impact towards Cambodia’s sovereignty. Cambodia has been a loyal ally to China in the Southeast Asia regions with its support of “One China” policy, active involvement in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and denying ASEAN consensus to fight against China’s claim in South China Sea. These...

The advancement of technology has brought about a transformation in diplomatic interaction, which is now not restricted to bilateral conversations and debates but now includes the use of social media platforms for the purpose of negotiation or other activities. Diplomacy has traditionally been used to debate matters like war, peace, and conflict, a...

This study explores the role of financial behaviour and economic literacy on youth entrepreneurship, emphasizing their significance in enhancing entrepreneurial success. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the study demonstrates that both financial behaviour and economic literacy are significantly correlated with entre-preneurial outcomes, accoun...

Entrepreneurial marketing is a process that combines marketing principles with the innovation and creativity of entrepreneurs to create, identify, and exploit market opportunities. In the context of Islam, entrepreneurial marketing should be conducted based on ethical and moral values established by Shariah, including the concepts of Falaḥ (compreh...

In Malaysia, ensuring the adherence of facilities maintenance employees to safety management guidelines within higher education institutions presents a significant challenge. While the importance of maintaining a safe workplace is widely recognized, the extent to which safety regulations are followed by facilities maintenance departments remains un...

Gender diversity in leadership is a critical issue worldwide, and its impact on organizational performance and productivity has been extensively studied in various contexts. In Malaysia, where gender equality is still a work-in-progress, understanding the relationship between gender and leadership is particularly pertinent. This research seeks to p...

Objective: With an emphasis on governance and the effects of organizational culture, ethical education, and work experience, the study explores the connection between personality qualities and corruption among public workers in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The inspiration behind this study stems from the pervasive and ongoing problem of corruption among Ma...

The hybrid synchronization of tangible military logistics provides the formulae for military preparedness in anticipation of combat duties common for militaries globally. The military combat readiness is formulated with a mathematical formula for the tangible military logistics requirements at all times. Situational Forces Scoring (SFS) provides th...

Stress is the common problem that faced by everyone, either employer or employee. Especially, nowadays within the rapid economic growth, the stresses are more crucial. Although some people know how to manage their stress, but most of them tend to ignore the stress and it can give a negative impact on their self or organization. Hence, the purpose o...

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which was announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping during visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia, is a development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving infrastructure developments and investments in countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The BRI aims to promote economic cooperation among countries al...

This study examines the impact of Work-Life Balance, Work Environment, and Leadership and Management practices on Employee Well-Being in the Malaysian Army. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research employed a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, gathering responses from 300 military personnel. The analysis revealed significa...

The Malaysian Territorial Army (TA) is a reserve force that serves as the second line of defense after the Malaysian Army, helping protect the country. The TA supports the army and may be called on to defend key interests during conflicts, perform front-line duties when needed, and assist public authorities in search and rescue missions or restorin...

COVID-19, or Coronavirus Disease, is caused by the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. This virus was detected on December 31, 2019, following reports of a cluster of human cases suffering from pneumonia in Wuhan, China. According to the latest report from the COVIDNOW dashboard, updated by the Ministry of Health Malaysia on July 14, 2024, there have...

Objective: The objectives of this study are to examine the key dimensions of military minds as a determining factor of human dimensions and patriotism among Malaysian Armed Forces personnel and the seconds objective is to test the extent of mediating effects of human dimensions with military minds and patriotism.This research used quantitative rese...

In this century, security threats to the country are influenced by the complex and volatile geostrategic environment of international and regional security landscape. The government, through the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces, is responsible for ensuring that sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security are always protected a...

In this century, security threats to the country are influenced by the complex and volatile geostrategic environment of international and regional security landscape. The government, through the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces, is responsible for ensuring that sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security are always protected a...

Objective: The objectives of this study are to examine the key dimensions of military minds as a determining factor of human dimensions and patriotism among Malaysian Armed Forces personnel and the seconds objective is to test the extent of mediating effects of human dimensions with military minds and patriotism.This research used quantitative rese...

Women in Aviation: Management, Talent and Empowerment During Crisis Era provides doctoral, postgraduate, graduate, and final-year undergraduate students, industry practitioners, policymakers in business, marketing, logistics, and transport with comprehensive information on women empowerment, challenges, and leader- ship values. The text will serve...

In recent years, aviation and aerospace technology has undergone numerous advancements, from the usage of composite materials to the creation of more effective engines and sophisticated avionics systems. Thanks to these developments, passengers now experience safer, more effective, and more comfortable air travel. The percentage of women working in...

Militaries worldwide foresee the military force as coercive arms to be the eventual measure of power because military capabilities enable countries to act against internal and external threats. Malaysia's military forces including other security agencies lack a model or framework and an assessment instrument as a means of combat readiness to measur...

Since the COVID-19 pandemic is hitting the world, students still rely on online learning. Online learning can be defined as imparting knowledge through digital platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, Zoom, WhatsApp, Telegram, and others. Research and studies in this area are still sparse, especially within the National Defence University of...

Psychologists have conducted empirical studies and observations to explain thedevelopment of religious behavior. Psychologists in this field such as Micheal Argyle,Feierman and Ghazali have certainly give their own theories and views in explainingthe stages of development of religious behavior. This has certainly been found inmany of their books. H...

Reviews on the training management literature have emphasised that the training design consists of three essential elements: (1) training content; (2) instructors’ roles; and (3) superiors’ support, which may lead to a high impact on job performance of employees. However, a thorough investigation showed that the relationship between those elements...

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengkaji hubungan diantara dimensi pengurusan kualiti (PK) dengan prestasi mapan bagi organisasi ketenteraan. Melalui sorotan literatur berkenaan PK, empat dimensi PK iaitu kepimpinan, strategi dan objektif; amalan terbaik dan tumpuan pekerja telah dikenalpasti akan menyumbang kepada prestasi mapan organisasi. Soal selidi...

COMMAND CLIMATE READINESS comprises of the hybrid combination of tangible military logistics and intangible human elements of soldiers in preparedness for operational duties. ❖Militaries globally termed command climate readiness based on having their military doctrine, policies, and public communications in the preparedness of their military forces...

Combat readiness is a composite concept that encompasses both tangible military logistics and intangible human components associated with soldiers preparing for combat missions. Militaries throughout the world define combat readiness as their military doctrine, policies, and public communications being in place to prepare their military troops for...

Psychologists have conducted empirical studies and observations to explain the development of religious behavior. Psychologists in this field such as Micheal Argyle, Feierman and Ghazali have certainly give their own theories and views in explaining the stages of development of religious behavior. This has certainly been found in many of their book...

The research was conducted to determine the different aspects of job performance among Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (SNCO), often mentioned as middle managers in the Malaysian Army. This study has identified that the job performance of the SNCOs in the combat element corps consists of task and contextual job performance. The quantitative approa...

In the last few years, the outbreak coronavirus was the main issues in the worldwide. Coronavirus is a type of virus that can cause respiratory tract infections and the virus can also lead to death. The coronavirus found in China is Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is highly dependent on cooperation and co...

Malaysian Armed Forces divided into three services, namely the Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. Royal Malay Regiment (RMR) is the main infantry unit in the Malaysian Army. RMR are highly emphasized the organization commitment by educate officers and other ranks such as training, workplace facilities and adequa...

A public organization is an important sector in the administration of the Nation and it needs to remain relevant and accepted by society. The sub-sector such as services and security are the most important organizations that require high performance in society and the country to ensure security is always guaranteed. Military Training Academy, NDUM...

Combat readiness is a composite concept that encompasses both tangible military logistics and intangible human components associated with soldiers preparing for combat missions. Militaries throughout the world define combat readiness as their military doctrine, policies, and public communications being in place to prepare their military troops for...

Militaries throughout the world believe that military force as coercive armaments will eventually be the ultimate measure of power, as military capabilities enable countries to respond to internal and external challenges. Malaysia's military forces, as well as other security agencies, lack a model or framework for combat readiness and an assessment...

Military deployments are events and stressors that begin when the soldiers are deployed and end when they return home and reintegrate back into their families and communities. Religious belief accepts the basic social-value system's moral legitimacy, which serves as a crucial component of strong family bonds. Family bonding can be defined as a feel...

Patriotism involves the mind, the heart that involve the soul and the spirit as well as love and affection. Nowadays, some of the army personnel are found to be lacking in their spirit of the Patriotism, they also lack of discipline, drug abuse and there is a lot of criminal cases and exposed to the mass media. The objective of this study is to det...

HANRUH is an idea of Total Defense implemented by Malaysia in which the National Security Committee presented it in May 1986 to plan solid obstruction procedures and all-encompassing. This article examines the usage of social media on the readiness of the Malaysian Government in Total Defense. The primary and secondary data were collected through t...

Praktis demokrasi berparlimen di Malaysia, kuasa rakyat adalah penentu survival politik parti yang memerintah. Manakala Belanjawan pula merupakan hak eksklusif Badan Eksekutif dalam merancang agenda nasional bagi mendapatkan kelulusan di Parlimen dalam menentukan hala tuju pembangunan negara dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Justeru responsif rakyat melalu...

Patriotism involves the mind, the heart and the instincts that involve the soul and the spirit as well as love and affection. Nowadays, some of the army personnel are found to be lacking in their spirit of the Patriotism, they also lack of discipline, drug abuse and there is a lot of criminal cases and exposed to the mass media. The objective of th...

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country which living in harmony and unification. Their cultural, linguistic and religious values are enduring vitality and rich diversity and appeal throughout Malaysia's history. This paper aimed is to demonstrate the enduring values of ethnicity in Malaysia and identified in the building and development of the country....

Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) between two countries is based on the law and regulation of each country in order to achieve respective national political goal and agendas. In this case study, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (or well known as "Timor-Leste") nation state which was established on 28 th November 1975 and the formation of the...

The purpose of this study is to come up with a conceptual framework that examines the relationship between different practices of total quality management (TQM) and supply chain management (SCM). Five TQM practices, namely leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, human resource management and process management were adopted from Malcolm Bald...

INTRODUCTION The military organizational culture is a predominant force. Its influence instills, molds, governs, and propagates beliefs, mindsets, attitudes, and behaviours, both individually and collectively [1]. It establishes and perpetuates a shared frame of reference and shared reality encompassing all aspects of the military way of life and s...

ABSTRAK Komunikasi politik adalah salah satu bentuk komunikasi yang melibatkan pertukaran informasi di antara individu dengan sekelompok masyarakat. Komunikasi politik lazimnya melibatkan media massa dan retorik bahasa yang digunakan sangat indah bertujuan untuk memenangi hati serta pemikiran para pengundi. Matlamat utama komunikasi politik adalah...

ABSTRAK Konstantinopel sangat strategik dari sudut pemerintahan ketenteraan, pusat perniagaan dan perdagangan, dan politik pemerintahan antarabangsa. Kota Konstantinopel berjaya dipertahankan oleh tentera Byzantine bagi tempoh selama 800 tahun dimana sebanyak 29 percubaannya merebutnya gagal, cubaan oleh 11 orang pemimpin Islam menawannya juga gaga...

The aims of this study are; (1) to review the sustainable development and sustainability practices for the Higher Education Institute (HEI) and (2) to present a conceptual framework of the dimensions of sustainability practices for the National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM). This study uses a comprehensive literature review on sustainable d...

The purpose of this research is to identify the leadership style of middle managers of Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (SNCOs) from the perspective of Junior Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (JNCOs) in the Malaysian Army. The research was based on post-positivist philosophy. Quantitative approach and non-experimental survey was used for the resear...

This publication refers to a biography that tells the life of a person written by another individual. However, the question whether the public has interest in biographies of famous individuals arises as they seem to be less interested in this type of publication in general. Thus, this paper is produced by choosing a biography entitled "Memori Seora...

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between quality management dimensions and sustainable performance in military organisation. Through a comprehensive literature review on quality management (QM), this study had identified the four (4) QM dimensions: leadership, strategy and objectives; best practices and employee focus which...

Issues related to the community resilience became more popular after the earthquake and Tsunami tragedy in the Indian Ocean and Aceh, Indonesia, 2004. The community resilience is the ability of communities to withstand and mitigate the stress of a disaster, there is less clearness on the detailed resilience-building process. The risk perception is...

The family is the basic unit of society. The bonds between husband and wife, parents and children, are so firmly conceal in history and experience that often are lacking. The strength of family bonds is important to a family's capacity to provide, promote, and care for its members. Frequent deployments, separations, and relocations are attributes o...

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between sustainability practices from corporate governance, students, staff, society, companies and continuous improvement dimensions, and environment dimension. A sample of 188 respondents from administration, selected faculties and centres of the National Defence University of Malaysia part...

The aims of this study are to investigate the level of sustainability practices items in each dimension; either the most common or least common practices and to investigate the level of overall sustainability practices that fall under high, medium or lower common practices in National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM). A sample of 188 responden...

This study examines the correlation between role stressors and job performance using self-administered questionnaires gathered from 327 sample of security personnel's covers officers and other ranks which involved in administrative and on field operation. The quantitative research has been conducted on security personnel's who has been deployed in...

This is a conceptual study on the impact of external factors on the technology of communication in new media as the medium of communication for family bonding among military personnel. The study reviews issues such as emotional problems, feeling of marginalisation and difficulty in managing households. Hence, the military organisation is an institu...

Media relations resources are important aspects in communication strategy to channel information of an organisation to the mass media. The practice of media relations on the other hand is important and necessitated by an editor practitioner of a media organisation to get information from the organisation but at the same time must be managed by expe...

Disaster often occurs without warning. At present, events of disaster have increased enormously in which a number of military assets is deployed in response to the gaps that the civil agencies could not deliver. The military deployment had shown an efficient disaster response due to their comprehensive structure, sufficient equipment, well-trained...

Malaysia society consists of multi ethnic citizens. Solidarity, harmony and unity between ethnic is a vital agenda for the country's stability. The ethnic relationship in Malaysia had been shaped by the British and Japanese during their occupations and the impact can be seen until today. The 13 May 1969 riot is the proved of the ethnic issue in Mal...

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT: This research was aimed to investigate the influence of training motivation in the relationship between training program and job performance using 412 usable questionnaires gathered from selected security agency in Malaysia. According to the training literature, effective training program consists of three prominent features:...

This study investigates students’ beliefs in learning English at the National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM). It also aims to look at the differences of these beliefs according to gender. Students do not learn language the same way and it is therefore important for us to understand these differences, especially what are their beliefs in lang...

The slogan of 1language 1nation 1country is beautiful, but it seemed very difficult to be implemented in Malaysia, if it is not impossible at all. For example, the issue of Malay language as the country’s national language, This issue is still unresolved after more than 55 years of independence from the British, especially among the non-Malays. The...

This study attempts to investigate the relationships between Malay entrepreneurs' religious orientation, values, marketing and human resource strategy and business performance. Earliest study on values and religiosity revealed that those who are highly religious have different influence on value system from those who are less religious. In the West...

The objective of this study is to examine the protocol as rules and regulation accepted by all in daily practice, society and internationally recognized management protocol or order of priority in official ceremonies in Malaysia. This study focuses the protocol of Federal Order of Precedence in this Malaysia based on the sequence of seniority for o...

The Malay-Islamic values are the foundations of the Malay community's culture. It is the result of interaction between the foundation of budi-Islam values, the Malay social system, and Peninsula's landscape. With the status of the Malays as the indigenous ethnic that forms the majority of Malaya's community, it was natural that the Malay's values w...

The coherent view of language in strategic studies is to assemble a face out of a police identikit. All of the pieces, and no matter which ones, it does not look quite right. In this situation, it is necessary to specialize fairly rigidly and amidst the vast array of possible topics related to language, jargon and slang and this attracted the resea...

Preliminary findings in several works have described that children with high functioning autism frequently show hypersensitivity to auditory stimulus. We seek the answer by using auditory stimulus interventions in our time series research. Interventions were assigned alternately to weekly 30 minutes learning session each for musical auditory stimul...

The objective of this study is to identify the Asperger's Syndrome in autistic children by observing their behaviour, their extralinguistics factors and to develop the best teaching method in learning Malay Language. The five children with autistic learning disabilities were observed. This case study used for five children whom have been endorsed b...

The main issue discussed is on the role of education system in the process of nation building as a means in uniting different community ethnics which later on, hoped to shape the future ethnic relation of this country. It is generally known that political socialization experienced by each ethnic community has given birth to a vernacular education s...

Majority of Chinese community migrated to Malaya came from the Southern part of China and they were divided into groups based on periods of migration, dialects and places of origin. Most of them were from the merchant groups (Huashang) and possessing a good skill in business. Even after they migrated to new places like Malaya, their business skill...