Jesse van der Grient

Direct interactions between marine mammals and commercial fisheries are a worldwide conservation challenge. Observer programmes remain the most effective and reliable method for collecting data on these interactions. In the Falkland Islands - home to globally significant seal populations and commercial squid fisheries, seal-fishery interactions hav...

Introduction A defining aspect of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports (AR) is a formal uncertainty language framework that emphasizes higher certainty issues across the reports, especially in the executive summaries and short summaries for policymakers. As a result, potentially significant risks involving underst...

The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Pata...

In ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, various legal regimes and governance structures result in diffused responsibility and create challenges for management. Here we show those challenges are set to expand with climate change driving increasing overlap between eastern Pacific tuna fisheries and the emerging industry of deep-sea mining. Clima...

The establishment of thresholds is integral to environmental management. This paper introduces the use of thresholds in the context of deep-seabed mining, a nascent industry for which an exploitation regime of regulations , standards and guidelines is still in the process of being developed, and for which the roles and values of thresholds have yet...

The Falkland Islands marine environment host a mix of temperate and subantarctic spe-cies. This review synthesizes baseline information regarding ontogenetic migration pat-terns and trophic interactions in relation to oceanographic dynamics of the Falkland Shelf, which is useful to inform ecosystem modelling. Many species are strongly influenced by...

The impacts of deep seabed mining on people have not been sufficiently researched or addressed. Using a legitimacy framework, we discuss the social-equity dimensions of this emerging industry in the ocean commons.

The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and habitat types that provide multiple services that benefit humans. As the industrialization of the deep sea proceeds, a standardized and robust set of methods and metrics need to be developed to monitor the baseline conditions and any anthropogenic and climate change-relat...

Global climate change and a suite of other human-generated stressors are causing significant changes in the world’s oceans. Ocean stressors combine and interact, and when there are multiple stressors, the interactions are often synergistic – the combined impact is greater than the sum of their individual effects. Synergistic interactions yield non-...

Increased suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) are a major stressor across aquatic habitats. Here, the literature was synthesized to show that animal responses to increases in relative SSC (test concentration/natural background concentration) were similar in type and negative across different shallow-water (marine, estuarine, freshwater) habitat...

The establishment of thresholds is integral to environmental management. This paper introduces the use of thresholds in the context of deep-seabed mining, a nascent industry for which an exploitation regime of regulations, standards and guidelines is still in the process of being developed, and for which the roles and values of thresholds have yet...

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a 4 million km² area in the eastern Central Pacific Ocean exhibiting large variability in environmental parameters, particularly oxygen and primary production, that is being targeted for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining. This remote region’s pelagic biology is very poorly sampled, including for micronekton an...

Interest in the mining of polymetallic nodules, sulfide deposits, and ferromanganese crusts in the deep sea is growing. While the impacts of deep-sea mining on benthic systems are somewhat understood, there is little information available on pelagic impacts via, for example, the discharge plume. The impacts of these suspended sediments on pelagic c...

Many biodiversity patterns across the globe can be partially explained by energetics and habitat structure, including in the deep sea. Because of difficulties in logistics, studies focusing on deep-sea benthic systems often have limited sample sets that may be far apart in space. Here, we present analyses based on a well-sampled region, the northwe...

Oceans provide critical ecosystem services, but are subject to a growing number of external pressures, including overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. Current models typically treat stressors on species and ecosystems independently, though in reality, stressors often interact in ways that are not well understood. Here, we...

Citation: van der Grient, J. M. A., and A. D. Rogers. 2019. Habitat structure as an alternative explanation for body-size patterns in the deep sea. Abstract. Patterns in body size are important to study as the size of an organism correlates with many biological traits of the organism. Changes in the size distribution of a community can be indicativ...

While much has been learnt about the impacts of specific stressors on individual marine organisms, considerable debate exists over the nature and impact of multiple simultaneous stressors on both individual species and marine ecosystems. We describe a modelling tool (OSIRIS) for integrating the effects of multiple simultaneous stressors. The model...

Patterns in body size are important to study as the size of an organism correlates with many biological traits of the organism. Changes in the size distribution of a community can be indicative of environmental change and/or anthropogenic impacts. What structures body size is, however, still poorly understood, with many factors proposed and shown t...

A key obstacle to conservation success is the tendency of conservation professionals to tackle each challenge individually rather than collectively and in context. We sought to prioritize barriers to conservation previously described in the conservation literature. We undertook an online survey of 154 practitioners from over 70 countries to ascerta...

While much has been learnt about the impacts of specific stressors on individual marine organisms, considerable debate exists over the nature and impact of multiple simultaneous stressors on both individual species and marine ecosystems. We describe a modelling tool (OSIRIS) for integrating the effects of multiple simultaneous stressors. The model...

Body size (weight per individual) is an important concept in ecology. It has been studied in the deep sea where a decrease in size with increasing depth has often been found. This has been explained as an adaptation to food limitation where size reduction results in a lowered metabolic rate and a decreased energetic requirement. However, observatio...