
Jérôme MunzingerInstitute of Research for Development | IRD · AMAP Lab
Jérôme Munzinger
Ph.D. HDR
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241
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
January 2009 - December 2015
September 1996 - September 2002
September 2011 - present
Publications
Publications (241)
Une mission de trois semaines a eu lieu en Nouvelle-Calédonie en octobre 2023, visant principalement l'observation et la collecte des Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Balanopaceae, Sapindaceae et Clusiaceae (Garcinia), en cours d'étude. D'autres espèces ont été collectées opportunement au gré des hasards des rencontres sur le terrain. Dix-huit sites ont été pr...
In order to gain a better understanding of the delimitation and history of species of Lauraceae present in New Caledonia, several of which are thought to be new, a phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS nuclear sequences of Cryptocaryeae was undertaken with 147 new samples from the region. This study reveals monophyly for most of the currently reco...
Sex chromosomes have evolved hundreds of times across the flowering plant tree of life; their recent origins in some members of this clade can shed light on the early consequences of suppressed recombination, a crucial step in sex chromosome evolution. Amborella trichopoda, the sole species of a lineage that is sister to all other extant flowering...
Annonaceae is a major tropical plant family particularly diverse in tropical rain forests of the world. Although the classification and systematics of the family has significantly improved over the past decade, the most recent classification was based on a reduced set of plastid markers and incomplete genus‐level taxon sampling. This classification...
Meiogyne is a genus of trees and treelets occurring in Indomalaya and Australasia-Pacific, an unusually wide distribution across Australasia and Western Pacific compared to the rest of the family Annonaceae. Previous chloroplast phylogenies of the genus offered poor resolution and support for many internal nodes. Here, a molecular phylogeny was rec...
The island of New Caledonia is known for its rich and endemic flora, which includes the earliest-diverging extant angiosperm lineage and one of the highest concentrations of conifer diversity in the world. The New Caledonian flora has often been regarded as containing many relictual elements, preserving Gondwanan lineages dating to before the break...
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana var. mangostana) is a dioecious and agamospermous cultivated fruit tree. It has two recognised hypothetical wild ancestors, Garcinia mangostana var. malaccensis and G. mangostana var. borneensis, distributed in the lowland dipterocarp-dominated forests of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo. The highly similar m...
The genus Alyxia Banks ex R.Br. is partially revised for New Caledonia, with 31 species recognised. The species complex Alyxia tisserantii Montrouz. is discussed and divided into seven species with existing names, and the synonymy is updated accordingly. Alyxia loeseneriana var. macrocarpa Boiteau is elevated to species status due to new flowering...
Sex chromosomes have evolved hundreds of times, and their recent origins in flowering plants can shed light on the early consequences of suppressed recombination. Amborella trichopoda, the sole species on a lineage that is sister to all other extant flowering plants, is dioecious with a young ZW sex determination system. Here we present a haplotype...
Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods1,2. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome3,4. Many studies have drawn on this foundation...
Garcinia L. is a pantropically distributed genus comprised of at least 250 species of shrubs and trees and has centers of diversity located in Africa/Madagascar, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. The genus is notable due to its extreme diversity of floral form, common presence in lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, and potential pharmacological...
Lauraceae have one of the oldest fossil records of angiosperms with the earliest known evidence from the mid-Cretaceous. However, most of these records are based on leaves, especially from the Cenozoic of Asia, which are often challenging to assign to extinct or extant genera or species. In contrast, fossils of reproductive organs are more informat...
A new species is described from New Caledonia in the genus Goniothalamus, which now includes three endemic species from the archipelago. The new species was first collected over 150 years ago, but had not been subsequently studied until now. Material of the New Caledonian taxa was included in a recent molecular phylogeny, which shows that they are...
Sapindales is an angiosperm order of high economic and ecological value comprising nine families, c. 479 genera, and c. 6570 species. However, family and subfamily relationships in Sapindales remain unclear, making reconstruction of the order’s spatio-temporal and morphological evolution difficult. In this study, we used Angiosperms353 target captu...
New Caledonia is a tropical archipelago with very high biodiversity conservation challenges. Its flora is still imperfectly known while its ecosystems are increasingly degraded by various threats, including mining activity. In this context, there is an urgent need to describe the most threatened species so they can be accounted for in situ conserva...
Conservation efforts in global biodiversity hotspots often face a common predicament: an urgent need for conservation action hampered by a significant lack of knowledge about that biodiversity. In recent decades, the computerisation of primary biodiversity data worldwide has provided the scientific community with raw material to increase our unders...
The genus Adenodaphne is currently considered endemic to New Caledonia, but its distinction from Litsea is questionable based on morphological similarity. An earlier phylogenetic analysis (ITS) including one species of Adenodaphne and two Asian species of Litsea did support their close relationship but did not permit resolution of their generic bou...
Ongoing taxonomic studies on Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) in New Caledonia revealed a number of taxonomic and nomenclatural
issues in need of clarification. A new synonymy is proposed: Schizocalyx neocaledonica Brongn. & Gris is reduced
to synonymy under Eugenia ovigera Brongn. & Gris. A new name E. pubiflora N. Snow & Callm. is proposed for the
illegiti...
A Neogene hematite-goethite concretionary ‘ironstone’ horizon in lateritized fluvial sediments in the
Massif du Sud of New Caledonia yields abundant fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm leaves. The leaves are preserved in iron oxide, mainly goethite, which replicates the morphology and anatomy of the leaf tissues and comprises 73% of the matrix. Organi...
In the context of global change, tropical forests are increasingly affected by fires.
Understanding the ecological processes driving forest recovery in fire-modified
landscapes is a critical issue.
We analyzed spatial and temporal (8 years) changes in functional and phylogenetic
composition of tree communities during forest post-fire recovery in an...
Cet article a pour but de préciser les conditions pour pouvoir déposer des spécimens dans l'un des herbiers d'Occitanie reconnus par l'Index herbariorum. Il précise, à travers de nombreux exemples, comment préparer idéalement les plantes (montage), comment fournir les données associées nécessaires (étiquettes, données informatiques, photos de terra...
New Caledonia was, until recently, considered an old continental island harbouring a rich biota with outstanding Gondwanan relicts. However, deep marine sedimentation and tectonic evidence suggest complete submergence of the island during the latest Cretaceous to the Paleocene. Molecular phylogenies provide evidence for some deeply-diverging clades...
Motivation
Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co‐occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information se...
Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analy...
Premise:
The economically important, cosmopolitan soapberry family (Sapindaceae) comprises ca. 1900 species in 144 genera. Since the seminal work of Radlkofer, several authors have attempted to overcome challenges presented by the family's complex infra-familial classification. With the advent of molecular systematics, revisions of the various pro...
Two endemic species of Cryptocarya R.Br. are described from New Caledonia. Cryptocarya conduplicata Munzinger & McPherson, sp. nov. was previously confused with C. aristata Kosterm., which it resembles in its typically numerous lenticels and oblate fruit, but from which it differs most noticeably in its leaf blades partly folded longitudinally (vs...
A broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic...
Three endemic species of Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) are currently recognized in New Caledonia. A recent multivariate analysis of 18 morphological characters based on 129 specimens of Xyris from New Caledonia, supported by 10 anatomical and micromorphological observations, suggested that three species should be recognized in the New Caledonian archi...
New Caledonia was, until recently, considered an old continental island harbouring a rich biota with outstanding Gondwanan relicts. However, deep marine sedimentation and tectonic evidence suggest complete submergence of the island during the latest Cretaceous to Paleocene. Molecular phylogenies provide evidence for some deeply-diverging clades tha...
A new species, Garcinia urceolata Munzinger, Bruy & M.Pignal, sp. nov. (Clusiaceae), is described from New Caledonia. It is restricted to North Province, from the Tchamba valley in the south to Mandjélia in the north of the main island of Grande-Terre, occurring in dense humid rainforests on non-ultramafic substrate. Material of this small tree spe...
A new genus of Gesneriaceae, Bopopia Munzinger & J.R.Morel gen. nov., is described from New Caledonia. The genus is based on B. parviflora Munzinger & J.R.Morel gen. et sp. nov., a new species collected during an expedition on Mt Katalupaik, in the North Province of New Caledonia’s main island. Originally considered as a species of Coronanthera, ou...
Xyridaceae are represented in New Caledonia only by the genus Xyris, the description of which was last revised in the 1960s, and three endemic species were recognized there at that time, X. pancheri, X. neocaledonica and X. guillauminii. However, no specimens of X. guillauminii were reported from P or L, although some type material was present. In...
Herbarium specimens were collected of 648 plants during the inventory of plots to characterize the forest vegetation on Mount Wilhelm
between 200 and 3700 m above sea level. Specimens are deposited mainly at LAE, MPU, P, and The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre. Nearly 93% have been identified to species or “morphospecies“ level. The highest spe...
The OCBIL theory comprises a set of hypotheses to comprehend the biota of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). Here, we review evidence from the literature to evaluate the extent to which this theory could apply to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. We present geological, pedological and climatic evidence suggesting ho...
BUERKI, S., J. MUNZINGER, P.P. LOWRY II & M.W. CALLMANDER (2020). Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera. Candollea 75: 269-284. In English, English abstract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2020v752a9 Phylogenetic analyses of the family Sapindaceae inferred from nuclear and plastid sequen...
The discovery of nickel hyperaccumulation, in Pycnandra acuminata, was the start of a global quest in this fascinating phenomenon. Despite recent advances in the physiology and molecular genetics of hyperaccumulation, the mechanisms and tolerance of Ni accumulation in the most extreme example reported to date, P. acuminata, remains enigmatic. We co...
Background and Aims – Hybanthus austrocaledonicus (Violaceae) is a Ni hyperaccumulator endemic to New Caledonia. One of the specimens stored at the local herbarium had a strip of bark with a remarkably green phloem tissue attached to the sheet containing over 4 Wt% Ni. This study aimed to collect field samples from the original H. austrocaledonicus...
Background and Aims – Hybanthus austrocaledonicus (Violaceae) is a Ni hyperaccumulator endemic to New Caledonia. One of the specimens stored at the local herbarium had a strip of bark with a remarkably green phloem tissue attached to the sheet containing over 4 Wt% Ni. This study aimed to collect field samples from the original H. austrocaledonicus...
Morphological characters support the description of two new species of Orchidaceae from New Caledonia: Dendrobium butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. and Dendrobium letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. The lectotypes of Dendrobium camaridiorum Rchb.f. and D. crassifolium Schltr. are designated here. A leaf anatomical study was conducted an...
The new species Alectryon hirsutus is described from New Caledonia. It is distinguished from the only other member of the genus occurring on this southwest Pacific island, A. carinatus, by its uniformly densely hirsute indumentum (vs. glabrous or with short, appressed trichomes) as well as features of its leaves [(2‒)3‒5 pairs of leaflets vs. 1‒2])...
Aims: Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database,...
Herbarium specimens were collected of 648 plants during the inventory of plots to characterize the forest vegetation on Mount Wilhelm between 200 and 3700 m above sea level. Specimens are deposited mainly at LAE, MPU, P, and The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre. Nearly 93% have been identified to species or "morphospecies" level. The highest spe...
Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae) is a shrub endemic to New
Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific region. This plant suddenly became famous when molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that this sole species is likely the sister taxon to all other angiosperms. It has thus been a prime research model for reconstructing plant evolution and gaining in...
Oceanic islands originate from volcanism or tectonic activity without connections to continental landmasses, are colonized by organisms, and eventually vanish due to erosion and subsidence. Colonization of oceanic islands occurs through long-distance dispersals (LDDs) or metapopulation vicariance, the latter resulting in lineages being older than t...
Questions: Vegetation-plot records provide information on presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers, and thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database,...
In this review article, we provide an overview of the status of research on Old World Ebenaceae with an emphasis on the large genus Diospyros. The well-supported phylogenetic tree obtained from nucleotide sequences of multiple regions of plastid genome gave clear insights into the subfamilial classification of Ebenaceae. It supported inclusion of p...
Protected areas are the cornerstone on which conservation strategies are often built. Adapting systems of protected areas to rapid global changes is critical to meet the challenge of conservation in biodiversity hotspots. Twenty years ago, Jaffré et al. (Biodivers Conserv 7:109–135, 1998) warned that the system of protected areas in the global biod...
Aims : Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database,...
Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae) is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific region. This plant suddenly became famous when molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that this sole species is likely the sister taxon to all other angiosperms. It has thus been a prime research model for reconstructing plant evolution and gaining in...
The New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot contains many micro-hotspots that exhibit high plant micro-endemism, and that are facing different types and intensities of threats. The Belep archipelago, and especially Île Art, with 24 and 21 respective narrowly endemic species (1 Extinct, 21 Critically Endangered and 2 Endangered), should be considered as...
Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key r...
Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key q...
A new species, Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger, sp. nov. (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), is described from New Caledonia. It is known only from two very small subpopulations in the rainforests of the Petchécara Pass between Thio and Canala, in the southeast of Grande-Terre, New Caledonia’s main island. This shrub to small tree has hastate leaves...
A new species of Euphorbiaceae, Bocquillonia corneri, narrowly endemic to the extreme north-east of New Caledonia’s main island, is here highlighted, described and illustrated, based on original morphological and architectural characteristics. This new species differs notably by its unique monocaulous tree habit, while other Bocquillonia species ar...
Pleioluma (Baill.) Baehni (Sapotaceae) circumscribes some 40 medium-sized trees and shrubs, many gynodioecious, in Australia, Malesia and New Caledonia. Systematics of the group is unclear and delimitations of species are notoriously difficult. We explore species boundaries in New Caledonia by multiple accessions of ‘species’, molecules and morphol...
Background: Lianas are an abundantand dynamic component of tropical forests, and their abundance ispredicted to increase with global change. A better understandingof factors that explain their distribution is required, especially onoceanic islands for which few data are available.
Aims: Identifythe environmental factors that shape liana communities...
Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key q...
The protologue of Litsea mackeei states that its holotype is at P. However, two specimens bearing the type number appear to exist at P, the second specimen belonging to a species different from the first and bearing as well a label with a different collection number. Fortunately, a clear indication of which plant Kostermans was describing is provid...
A new species of Alectryon Gaertn. (Sapindaceae) endemic to the Fijian archipelago is described as A. vitiensis Buerki, Lowry, Munzinger & Callm. based on morphological and molecular evidence. It can easily be distinguished from the two congeners currently known from Fiji by its smaller leaves, subsessile leaflets, apetalous flowers, and crested fr...
Snow, N., J.W. Byng, J. Munzinger, M.W. Callmander & J.W. Dawson (2017). New Caledonian Piliocalyx transferred to Syzygium (Myrtaceae) with an updated conspectus of the species. Candollea 72: 239–248. In English, English and French abstracts.
Members of Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris (Myrtaceae) from New Caledonia are transferred to, or given new names...