
Jeremy D. BrickerDelft University of Technology | TU · Department of Hydraulic Engineering
Jeremy D. Bricker
Ph.D., P.E.
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129
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
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January 2013 - present
Publications
Publications (129)
Analyzing the spatial-temporal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) tracks in the east China coastal ocean (ECCO) to
quantify the magnitude of poleward and landward migration of TCs is of significant importance for coastal
disaster mitigation and planning due to its susceptibility to the impacts of TCs. In this study, the TCs that affected
the ECCO...
Coastal regions have experienced significant environmental changes and increased vulnerability to floods caused by the combined effect of multiple flood drivers such as storm surge, heavy rainfall and river discharge, i.e., compound floods. Hence, for a sustainable development of coastal cities, it is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal dyna...
Coastal flooding is projected to become more severe over the 21 st century, necessitating effective adaptation, which in turn requires detailed local scale information that can only be provided by detailed numerical modelling. The current lack of information on flood protection measures and the high resource requirements of traditional hydrodynamic...
Background
The share of renewable energy feeding the European grid has been growing over the years, even though the intermittency of some renewable energy sources can induce electric grid instability. Energy storage has proven to be an effective way of reducing grid instability. Various solutions for large-scale energy storage are being researched...
Emergency responders in coastal cities are anticipated to provide effective evacuation of at-risk populations during the preparedness and response phases of coastal floods due to land-falling storms or cyclones. However, existing contingency plans primarily focus on the evacuation of the general public rather than special arrangement for elderly po...
The impact of drifting ice load on offshore wind turbines (OWT) in ice-covered sea areas is a critical issue affecting their serviceability and safety. To gain a better understanding of the ice-induced vibrations (IIVs) and ice-structure-soil interactions (ISSIs) of OWTs, this study employs the cohesive element method (CEM) coupled with the finite...
Hurricane Ike, which struck the United States in September 2008, was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of damages. It caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula, Texas. We used the Delft3d-FM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay dur...
Coastal regions have experienced significant environmental changes and increased vulnerability to floods caused by the combined effect of multiple flood drivers such as storm surge, heavy rainfall, and river discharge, i.e., compound floods. Hence, for a sustainable development of coastal cities, it is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal dyn...
Megathrust earthquakes cause tsunamis that can destroy coastal structures and damage buildings, resulting in injuries and deaths. To prevent these consequences and reduce the risk of failure of coastal structures, it is essential to understand the exact mechanism of structure failure. Sub-nappe air cavity pressure during overflow of a vertical stru...
The Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and the Tohoku tsunami in 2011 have shown that tsunami-induced scour is one of the primary reasons for the failure of coastal defence structures (Bricker et al., 2012; Jayaratne et al., 2016). In a coastal structure, scour can occur when the plunging jet impacts the landward toe of the structure, resulting in diggin...
Marine biofouling is a major concern in the operational performance of submerged floating tunnels (SFTs). Within years after construction, marine growth increases the effective dimension and mass of the SFT and hence, can substantially affect the hydrodynamic forces and alter the buoyancy-weight ratio (BWR). Therefore, roughness height is one of th...
Extreme surges and rainfall represent major driving factors for compound flooding in estuary regions along the Chinese coast. The combined effect of extreme surges and rainfall (that is, compound floods) might lead to greater impacts than if the drivers occurred in isolation. Hence, understanding the frequency and severity of compound flooding is i...
Marine biofouling is a major concern in the operational performance of submerged floating tunnels (SFTs). The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of marine fouling (represented by surface roughness) on the hydrodynamic behavior of SFTs, including the hydrodynamic forces on the SFT subject to current-only, wave-only, and combine...
Shifting weather, changing settlement patterns and a lack of preparedness mean that dryland areas are most at risk from flooding. Researchers need to focus on data collection, early-warning systems, flood protection and more. Shifting weather, changing settlement patterns and a lack of preparedness mean that dryland areas are most at risk from floo...
The pan‐European power grid is experiencing an increasing penetration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE). The fluctuating and non‐dispatchable nature of VRE hinders them in providing the Ancillary Service (AS) needed for the reliability and stability of the grid. Therefore, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are needed along the VRE. Among the different...
Situated in the Western Pacific Ocean, Taiwan is frequently affected by powerful typhoons. The present research evaluates the storm surges that could take place along the western coastline of Taiwan, and the design water level that will likely be required by coastal structures in the course of the 21st century to protect coastal settlements. To do...
Mean sea level rise (SLR) could increase up to 2m by 2100, which would see damage caused by coastal flooding in Europe increase from €1.25bn per annum currently to €961bn in just over 80 years. Urban areas situated along the North Sea coastline are particularly vulnerable to extreme sea level rise (a combination of SLR, tide, and storm surges). The...
Compound flooding is generated when two or more flood drivers occur simultaneously or in close succession. Multiple drivers can amplify each other and lead to greater impacts than when they occur in isolation. A better understanding of the interdependence between flood drivers would facilitate a more accurate assessment of compound flood risk in co...
There is a fear that many coastal communities could be forced to relocate in the face of sea level rise (SLR). However, there is little, if any, evidence of any relocation actually taking place, despite a number of past examples of relative sea level rise (as a result not only of SLR itself, but also earthquake or groundwater extraction induced sub...
The Delft3D hydrodynamic and wave model is used to hindcast the storm surge and waves that impacted La Rochelle, France, and the surrounding area (Aytré, Châtelaillon-Plage, Yves, Fouras, and Île de Ré) during storm Xynthia. These models are validated against tide and wave measurements. The models then estimate the footprint of flow depth, speed, u...
In order to assess the dynamic performance of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) subject to flow-induced vibration (FIV) conditions in a practical engineering application, a one-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model consisting of multi-scale hydrodynamic solvers combined with the finite element method (FEM) is established. A typical long, larg...
Compound flooding is generated when two or more flood drivers occur simultaneously or in close succession. Multiple drivers can amplify each other and lead to greater impacts than when they occur in isolation. A better understanding of the interdependence between flood drivers will facilitate a more accurate assessment of compound flood risk in the...
Many coastlines around the world are protected by dikes with shallow foreshores (e.g. salt marshes and mudflats) that attenuate storm waves and are expected to reduce the likelihood and volume of waves overtopping the dikes behind them. However, most of the studies to date that assessed their effectiveness have excluded the influence of infragravit...
To calculate tsunami forces on coastal structures it is of great importance to determine the shape of the tsunami front reaching the coast. Based on literature reviews, analytical reasoning, video footage, and numerical modelling it is concluded that both the continental shelf slope and the bay geometry have a significant influence on the transform...
Climate change leads to sea level rise worldwide, as well as increases in the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs). Storm surge induced by TC’s, together with spring tides, threatens to cause failure of flood defenses, resulting in massive flooding in low-lying coastal areas. However, limited research has been done on the combined eff...
The interaction between an oceanic internal solitary wave (ISW) and a prototype submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is numerically investigated. Effect of oceanic internal solitary wave amplitude, the relative distance of the SFT to the pycnocline, cross-sectional geometry of the SFT, and the density ratio of the two fluid layers are analyzed. At a pot...
With climate change and rising sea levels, the coastal zone’s flood risk is deteriorating. Previous researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures (e.g., seawall, dikes) on flood mitigation due to problems such as land subsidence and insufficient maintenance. To remedy the defects, the “building with...
The state-of-the-art formulas for mean wave overtopping (q) assessment typically require wave conditions at the toe of the structure as input. However, for structures built either on land or in very shallow water, obtaining accurate estimates of wave height and period at the structure toe often proves difficult and requires the use of either physic...
Concepts of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) for novel sea-crossings have been researched in recent years. An SFT tube should be moored afloat by tensioned mooring systems to maintain the tube position under complex hydrodynamic loads. In-line force is amongst the dominant hydrodynamic parameters in the SFT cross-section design and the mooring sys...
Many coastlines around the world are protected by coastal dikes fronted by shallow foreshores (e.g. saltmarshes and mudflats) that attenuate storm waves and are expected to reduce the likelihood of waves overtopping the dikes behind them. However, most of the studies to-date that assessed their effectiveness have excluded the influence of infragrav...
The Delft3D hydrodynamic and wave model is used to hindcast the storm surge and waves that impacted La Rochelle, France and the surrounding area (Aytré, Châtelaillon-Plage, Yves, Fouras and Ille du Re) during Storm Xynthia. These models are validated against tide and wave measurements. The models then estimate the footprint of flow depth, speed, un...
It has been shown that the proportion of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) has been increasing together with a poleward migration of TC track. However, their relative importance to TC surge at landfall remains unknown. Here we examine the sensitivity of TC surge in Shanghai to landfall location and intensity with a new dynamical modelling framework....
Flood simulations are important for flood (fatality) risk assessment. This article provides insight into the sensitivity of flood fatality risks to the model resolution of flood simulations and to several uncertain parameters in the loss of life model used. A case study is conducted for river flooding in a polder in the Netherlands (the Bommelerwaa...
A better understanding of how tidal-flat reclamation changes the flood hazard is critical for climate-proofing coastal flood defense design of heavily urbanized areas. Since the 1950s, large-scale reclamation has been performed along the Shanghai coast, China, to fulfill the land demands of city expansion. We now show that the loss of tidal flats m...
A submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a promising alternative to conventional bridges and tunnels, and can be potentially built in the Qiongzhou Strait in China. However, this area is under the threat of disasters including mega tsunamis and severe storm surges. To evaluate the hydrodynamic loads of the SFT in this hazardous zone subject to severe t...
In November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the Philippines. It caused heavy loss of lives and extensive damages to buildings and infrastructure. When collapsed buildings are focused on, it is interesting to find that these buildings did not collapse for the same reasons after the landfall of the typhoon and storm surge. The objective of t...
The pan-European power grid is experiencing an increasing penetration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE). The fluctuating and non-dispatchable nature of VRE hinders them in providing the Ancillary Service (AS) needed for the reliability and stability of the grid. Today’s grid is reliant on synchronous generators. In case of sudden frequency deviati...
The cross-section geometry of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has a large effect on hydrodynamic characteristics, structural behavior and service level, making the tunnel cross section the primary factor in optimizing efficiency. Minimizing the mean drag and the dynamic variability in the lift of the SFT cross section under bi-directional (i.e.,...
Considering the likely increase in coastal flooding in small island developing states (SIDSs) due to climate change, coastal managers at the local and global levels have been developing initiatives aimed at implementing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation measures. Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal floo...
Abstract Sea level rise (SLR) and subsidence are expected to increase the risk of flooding and reliance on flood defenses for cities built on deltas. Here, we combine reliability analysis with hydrodynamic modeling to quantify the effect of projected relative SLR on dike failures and flood hazards for Shanghai, one of the most exposed delta cities....
Urban pluvial flooding is a threatening natural hazard in urban areas all over the world, especially in recent years given its increasing frequency of occurrence. In order to prevent flood occurrence and mitigate the subsequent aftermath, urban water managers aim to predict precipitation characteristics, including peak intensity, arrival time and d...
Despite the widely recognized role of infragravity (IG) waves in many often-hazardous nearshore processes, spectral wave models , which exclude IG-wave dynamics, are often used in the design and assessment of coastal dikes. Consequently, the safety of these structures in environments where IG waves dominate remains uncertain. Here, we combine physi...
Practitioners often employ diverse, though not always thoroughly validated, numerical models to directly or indirectly estimate wave overtopping (q) at sloping structures. These models, broadly classified as either phase-resolving or phase-averaged, each have strengths and limitations owing to the physical schematization of processes within them. M...
Abstract. Considering the likely increase of coastal flooding in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), coastal managers at the local and global level have been developing initiatives aimed at implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures and adapting to climate change. Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal fl...
Typically, oscillating water column (OWC) breakwater design is focused on optimization of efficiency in the design wave regime. However, damage to OWC’s during storms has been a major roadblock to further implementation of OWC technology. Here we compare J-OWC and U-OWC designs, and their behavior under extreme wave conditions. The first phase of t...
In this study we investigated the capabilities of the mesh-free, Lagrangian particle method (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, SPH) to simulate the detailed hydrodynamic processes generated by both spilling and plunging breaking waves within the surf zone. The weakly-compressible SPH code DualSPHysics was applied to simulate wave breaking over two d...
Engineering for flood resilience of dense coastal regions often neglects the resultant impact on urban design quality. Vital subsurface infrastructure such as hydraulic systems, water networks, civil construction, transport, energy supply and soil systems are especially important in shaping the urban environment and integrating resilience. However,...
The accurate modelling of overtopping of coastal defences by tsunami waves is of vital importance for the formulation of disaster management strategies. To improve knowledge of this phenomena the authors conducted experiments on coastal structure overtopping using bores that were generated by a dam-break mechanism. Three types of structures were te...
Focusing on the sediment in Suyahu Reservoir (a typical plain reservoir in Henan Province, China), concentrations of eutrophication-causing substances (TOC, TN and TP) and heavy metal contamination (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, As and Hg) were measured. Spatial distribution of these contaminants and the resulting potential ecological risk were investiga...
While the significance of infragravity waves (IG) in many---often-hazardous---nearshore processes is widely-recognized, many of the empirical and numerical models used in dike safety assessments do not (directly) consider their contribution. Here, we combine physical and numerical modelling to better understand the factors that contribute to the do...
Sliding force and punching pressure were contributing factors to widespread breakwater damage caused during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami (Takagi and Bricker, 2015), and were dominant factors causing displacement of caissons from the world’s deepest breakwater: the Kamaishi bay-mouth composite tsunami breakwater (Arikawa et al., 2012; Bricker e...
Climate change with extreme hydrological conditions, such as drought and flood, bring new challenges to seepage behavior and the stability of earthfill dams. Taking a drought-stricken earthfill dam of China as an example, the influence of drought-flood cycles on dam seepage behavior is analyzed. This paper includes a clay sample laboratory experime...
Assessing the accuracy of nearshore numerical models—such as SWAN—is important to ensure their effectiveness in representing physical processes and predicting flood hazards. In particular, for application to coastal wetlands, it is important that the model accurately represents wave attenuation by vegetation. In SWAN, vegetation might be implemente...
In countries with steep rivers, such as Japan and the United States, bridges fail on an annual basis. Bridges on spread footings are especially susceptible to failure by hydrodynamic loading, often exacerbated by debris damming. Here, such failures are investigated via small scale model laboratory experiments and full scale numerical simulations. I...
Awareness about the threats posed by different types of coastal disasters has increased throughout the world, as people are exposed to the nature of these hazards through media reports on events in distant countries. This has resulted in coastal residents being aware about the destructive power of tsunamis, despite no such events having taken place...