Jens B. Asendorpf

• Prof. Dr.
• Professor Emeritus at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

This study examined how Greek and immigrant youth adapted to school life, during the economic recession in Greece. We compared two cohorts of adolescents (mean age 12.6 years), one assessed before the crisis and the other during the crisis (N=1057 and N=1052, respectively). Cohort findings were disaggregated by immigrant status, generation and ethn...

Although numerous studies have emphasized the role evaluations by others play for people’s self-esteem, the perspective of others and the social diversity of real-life contexts have largely been ignored. In a large-scale longitudinal study, we examined the link between adolescents’ self-esteem and their self- and peer-perceived popularity in social...

We studied initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating over a period of 1 year in a community sample involving 382 participants aged 18–54 years. They were followed from their initial choices of dating partners up to later mating (sexual intercourse) and relating (romantic relationship). Using Social Relations Model analyses, we examined evoluti...

Using the trait of shyness as an example, the authors showed that (a) it is possible to reliably assess individual differences in the implicitly measured self-concept of personality that (b) are not accessible through traditional explicit self-ratings and (c) increase significantly the prediction of spontaneous behavior in realistic social situatio...

The study investigated the transfer of attachment working models onto autonomous agents in a virtual social environment (VSE). Participants from a community sample (N = 422; mean age = 29 years; mean relationship duration = 4.8 years) encountered three attachment-related key scenes in a VSE: a separation with a subsequent reunion, a conflict, and a...

Introduction Greece was hit particularly hard by the latest economic recession. Method Using a quasi‐experimental design, we examined whether and how psychosocial resources promoted and/or protected youth's school adjustment (academic achievement, school engagement, and conduct) and psychological well‐being (absence of emotional symptoms) during t...

In this chapter, I discuss the main methods that are currently used to describe, predict, and explain long-term development, with a particular focus on between-person differences in individual trajectories of change. First, I distinguish between three concepts of change (individual, mean, and differential change) and associated concepts of stabilit...

The present study examined the direction of effects between peer likeability and youth’s school adjustment and psychological well-being, and the moderation of these effects by students’ immigrant status. One thousand one hundred and eighteen students (63% immigrants) nested in 57 Greek middle-school classrooms took part in the study (Wave 1; age M...

Wir alle haben bereits eine ausgefeilte Psychologie der Persönlichkeit im Kopf, mit der wir unsere Mitmenschen und uns selbst immer wieder einschätzen. Hierzu benutzen wir hauptsächlich Eigenschaften wie z.B. intelligent, aggressiv, hilfsbereit, narzisstisch, verlässlich. Diese Alltagspsychologie der Persönlichkeit wird genauer beschrieben. Auf die...

Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über die Entwicklung von Geschlechtsunterschieden auf genetischer, hormoneller, neuronaler und psychologischer Ebene wird eine Übersicht über die Größe der Geschlechtsunterschiede im Bereich des Erlebens und Verhaltens in westlichen und in anderen Kulturen gegeben. Auf dieser Grundlage werden dann drei Erklärungsansätze...

Inhaltliche Ergebnisse der empirischen Persönlichkeitspsychologie werden zu sechs verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsbereichen dargestellt. Welche körperlichen Merkmale machen Menschen attraktiv? Wie unterscheiden sich Menschen in ihrem Temperament und Verhalten in der sozialen Interaktion? Wie unterscheiden sich Menschen in ihrer Intelligenz, Kreativitä...

Die empirische Persönlichkeitspsychologie erfordert, dass Persönlichkeitstypen von Beurteilern mit hoher Übereinstimmung eingeschätzt und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften quantitativ gemessen werden. Die entsprechenden statistischen Methoden zur Klassifikation von Personen und zur Messung von Eigenschaften werden allgemeinverständlich und unter weitgeh...

Dieses Kapitel befasst sich mit der Entstehung und langfristigen Veränderung der Persönlichkeit. Wie stabil sind Persönlichkeitseigenschaften über viele Jahre? Ist der IQ unveränderbar? Prägt unsere frühkindliche Persönlichkeit bereits unsere Persönlichkeit im Erwachsenenalter, oder finden auch später noch bedeutsame Persönlichkeitsveränderungen st...

Der Blick wird hier von der individuellen Persönlichkeit erweitert auf die persönliche Umwelt und die sozialen Beziehungen, die einerseits Einfluss auf unsere Persönlichkeit haben, andererseits aber auch durch unsere Persönlichkeit mitbestimmt werden. Es wird gezeigt, wie man die persönliche Umwelt eines Menschen erfassen kann (z.B. durch Tagebuchs...

Die heutige empirische Persönlichkeitspsychologie folgt sechs theoretisch-methodischen Ansätzen (Paradigmen), die unterschiedliche Fragestellungen mit jeweils typischen Methoden bearbeiten. Die historische Entwicklung dieser Paradigmen wird jeweils skizziert und in einer Gesamtübersicht der Geschichte der Persönlichkeitspsychologie integriert. Das...

Objective What is gained by having others report on one’s personality? Research on adult samples has suggested that informant reports are especially informative regarding traits that are highly visible and evaluative (i.e., socially desirable/undesirable instead of neutral), such as Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. This 18‐year longi...

This study examined, first, the longitudinal interplay between immigrant youth's acculturation into the host and ethnic cultures and perceived ethnic discrimination, and, second, whether acceptance and rejection by immigrant and non-immigrant peers longitudinally mediated the link between acculturation and discrimination. 1057 students nested in 49...

In diesem Kapitel wird an das dynamisch-interaktionistische Paradigma angeknüpft, das von langfristigen Eigenschaftsänderungen trotz mittelfristiger Stabilität ausgeht. Wenn sich einzelne Eigenschaftswerte einer Person ändern, findet Persönlichkeitsveränderung statt. Wenn umgekehrt instabile Tendenzen des Erlebens oder Verhaltens in stabile Persönl...

Anwendungen der empirischen Persönlichkeitspsychologie in beruflicher Praxis und Wissenschaft setzen voraus, dass die Persönlichkeitsvariation, d. h. Persönlichkeitsunterschiede in einer oder mehreren Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, empirisch beschrieben wird. Dazu müssen Personen nach ihrer Persönlichkeit klassifiziert oder ihre Persönlichkeitseigen...

In der Psychologie wird unter der Umwelt eines Menschen die Gesamtheit aller externen Bedingungen verstanden, die sein Erleben und Verhalten beeinflussen. In der Persönlichkeitspsychologie wird dieser Umweltbegriff auf regelmäßig wiederkehrende Situationen eingegrenzt: So wie es mittelfristig stabile Persönlichkeitseigenschaften gibt, gibt es auch...

Wie alle empirischen Wissenschaften lässt sich auch die heutige Persönlichkeitspsychologie in mehrere Paradigmen gliedern: Bündel theoretischer Leitsätze, Fragestellungen und Methoden zu ihrer Beantwortung. Diese Paradigmen lassen sich historisch bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen. In diesem Kapitel werden die sechs wichtigsten Paradigmen der...

Das Thema der psychologischen Geschlechtsunterschiede ist noch immer stark emotional und ideologisch besetzt. Hier geht es um eine nüchterne, wissenschaftliche Betrachtung dieser Geschlechtsunterschiede: Wie groß sind Geschlechtsunterschiede in welchen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen in welchem Alter in welchen Kulturen, wie entwickeln sich diese Untersch...

Wer sich mit der Psychologie als Wissenschaft beschäftigt, tut dies immer vor dem Hintergrund der Alltagspsychologie – der von den meisten Mitgliedern einer Kultur geteilten Annahmen über das Erleben und Verhalten von Menschen. Wissenschaftliche Persönlichkeitskonzepte gehen über diese naiven Vorstellungen hinaus. Sie lassen sich in Paradigmen glie...

In diesem Kapitel werden inhaltliche Ergebnisse der empirischen Persönlichkeitspsychologie zu verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsbereichen exemplarisch dargestellt. Es geht also nicht darum, eine ausgewogene Übersicht über die inzwischen gewaltige Literatur zu einzelnen Persönlichkeitsbereichen zu geben, sondern an ausgewählten Beispielen typische Konstr...

Unser Fazit: Es gilt, die genetische und kulturelle Vielfalt der Menschheit zu bewahren.

In diesem Kapitel wird das Verhältnis von Kultur und Persönlichkeit behandelt: Wie stark variieren Persönlichkeitsunterschiede und ihre Bedingungen und Konsequenzen zwischen unterschiedlichen Kulturen und warum? Unterschiede in der Persönlichkeit zwischen Populationen werden in genetischen, ökologischen und kulturellen Unterschieden gesehen. Popula...

Dieser Lehrbuch-Klassiker der Differenziellen Psychologie und Persönlichkeitspsychologie bietet alles, was Studierende und Lehrende für das Studium benötigen: Das gesamte Prüfungswissen anschaulich und lernfreundlich aufbereitet, vielfältige Online-Zusatzmaterialien auf www.lehrbuch-psychologie.de zum Lernen und Lehren und praxisnahe Bezüge zum All...

Self-enhancement bias is conventionally construed as an unwarranted social comparison in social psychology and a misperception of social reality in personality psychology. Researchers in both fields rely heavily on discrepancy scores to represent self-enhancement and fail to distinguish between a general tendency or bias to self-enhance and a self-...

We propose a new model of personality development, the disposition–adaptation–environment (DAE) model. It is based on the assumption that two types of individual characteristics can be distinguished: Dispositions make up the relatively stable core of personality at a particular age, and adaptations are the joint outcome of effects of dispositions a...

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of...

Objective: In multiethnic classrooms, acceptance and rejection by classmates of one’s own versus other ethnicity is influenced by in-group preference, the societal status of the ethnicities, and composition of classrooms. We aimed at (a) confirming these effects for immigrant versus nonimmigrant adolescents in newly formed classrooms, (b) longitudi...

This chapter I focuses on three key issues of the psychology of situations in the special case where a situation is defined by the personality of a (potential) interaction partner. First, any taxonomy of personality can be considered as a taxonomy of situations. This recognition provides a special twist to lexically derived personality taxonomies a...

Achieving a clear view of one’s personality is a challenging but crucial developmental task during adolescence, which has enduring influences. This task might be harder if significant others see individuals differently from how the adolescents see themselves. Supporting this, the looking-glass-self theory suggests that significant others constitute...

This chapter presents multilevel analysis as a useful tool for analyzing data where individuals are nested in varying social contexts such as classrooms, schools, or neighborhoods; time points are nested in individuals (longitudinal analyses); or situations are nested in individuals (diaries). Discussed are two-level models where individuals are ne...

As intergenerational interactions increase due to an ageing population, the study of emotion-related responses to the elderly is increasingly relevant. Previous research found mixed results regarding affective mimicry – a measure related to liking and affiliation. In the current study, we investigated emotional mimicry to younger and older actors f...

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of...

Computer games are advocated as a promising tool bridging the gap between the controllability of a lab experiment and the mundane realism of a field experiment. At the same time, many authors stress the importance of observing real behavior instead of asking participants about possible or intended behaviors. In this article we introduce an online v...

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are designed to provide a natural and intuitive communication with a human user. One current major topic in agent design consequently is to enhance their believability, often by means of incorporating internal models of emotions or motivations. As psychological theories often lack the necessary details for a di...

The study investigated the transfer of attachment working models onto autonomous agents in a virtual social environment (VSE). 422 participants from a community sample (mean age 29 years; mean relationship duration 4.8 years) encountered 3 attachment-related key scenes in a VSE: a separation with a subsequent reunion, a conflict, and an illness. In...

The present research addresses the interplay between agency motives and objective dyadic closeness with regard to the functioning of intimate couple relationships. Applying a Person Situation approach, we hypothesized (a) that partners’ implicit and explicit agency motives predict their selection of dyadic living arrangements characterized by high...

Mõttus alerts us to the widespread predictive heterogeneity of different indicators of the same trait. This heterogeneity violates the assumption that traits have causal unity in their developmental antecedents and effects on outcomes. I would go a step further: broader traits are useful units for description and prediction but not for explaining p...

Paper presentation, In S. Humberg, & S. Wurst (Chair), Self-knowledge and social outcomes: Intra- and interpersonal consequences of accurate self-perceptions. Symposium conducted at the European Biennial Conference on Personality, Romania.

Personality developmental studies typically rely on single reporter data, while multi-informant studies are rare. In two longitudinal studies, the present investigation examined inter-judge differences in the development of the Big Five personality traits from childhood to young adulthood. Study 1 investigated personality development as judged by t...

Although numerous studies have emphasized the role evaluations by others play for people’s self-esteem, the perspective of others and the social diversity of real-life contexts have largely been ignored. In a large-scale longitudinal study, we examined the link between adolescents' self-esteem and their self- and peer-perceived popularity in social...

The present research addresses the interplay between agency motives and objective dyadic closeness with regard to the functioning of intimate couple relationships. Applying a Person × Situation approach, we hypothesized (a) that partners' implicit and explicit agency motives predict their selection of dyadic living arrangements characterized by hig...

The present research addresses the interplay between agency motives and objective dyadic closeness with regard to the functioning of intimate couple relationships. Applying a Person X Situation approach, we hypothesized (a) that partners’ implicit and explicit agency motives predict their selection of dyadic living arrangements characterized by hig...

a Single Target Implicit association Test (ST-IaT) was used in three internet studies in order to assess the malleability of automatic rejection associations in socially anxious participants. Study 1 and Study 2 explored whether automatic rejection associations could be reduced by an evaluative conditioning task that combined social situations with...