Jennifer Young

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Verified

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• PhD
• Technician at North Dakota State University

The objective of this study was to determine whether group-housed sow social rank has an effect on sow gestation and reproductive performance. Forty-nine sows with previous group housing experience were enrolled in the study, housed in 1 of 3 pens over five repetitions, and allocated to 1 of 4 social hierarchy rank quartiles (RQ) based on their agg...

The objective of this study was to determine if a swine finishing ration that included soybeans with greater concentration of oleic acid will have an impact on lipid oxidation and palatability of pork. Crossbred pigs [n = 72; initial body weight (BW) = 78 ± 9 kg] were blocked by BW, sex, and distributed within 18 pens. Each pen was randomly assigne...

The accurate detection of ractopamine in food animals is crucial for marketing since some entities require animals or animal carcasses to be free of ractopamine residues. Field-based ractopamine screening tests that are rapid, sensitive, and capable of high-throughput are highly desirable to ensure that inadvertent exposure to ractopamine did not o...

Previous work by our group has found that housing pigs with a ramp in the pen during only the nursery period increased the speed of trailer ramp loading at marketing. However, the presence of the ramp may also alter pig behavior during the nursery period. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ramp exposure affects pig behavior during...

Transportation is an essential component of commercial swine production in the United States. However, the process of transportation, including loading and unloading onto trailers, is a stressful experience for market hogs that results in poor welfare outcomes and substantial economic losses. Therefore, strategies intended to improve the transporta...

Group gestation housing is quickly becoming standard practice in commercial swine production. However, poor performance and welfare in group housed sows may result from the formation and maintenance of the social hierarchy within the pen. In the future, the ability to quickly characterize the social hierarchy via precision technologies could be ben...

This study evaluated whether leukocyte coping capacity (LCC) could be an effective method for detecting physiological stress in growing pigs who are exposed to a mild cycling heating period. We hypothesized that whole blood samples collected from pigs exposed to high environmental temperatures would exhibit a reduced respiratory burst response [mea...

Dietary supplements and prescription medications are widely used in the horse community. Many equine governing organizations have guidelines and regulations related to supplement and medication use in performance horses. Prior surveys have focused on supplement and medication use in the horse show industry, while little data has been published rega...

The study objective was to evaluate leukocyte coping capacity (LCC) as a measure of acute heat stress in growing pigs. The LCC method utilizes an artificial challenge procedure on whole blood samples to mimic the leukocyte respiratory burst that is typically observed in response to pathogen exposure. A reduction in respiratory burst size, measured...

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether early postnatal stress due to cross-fostering alters the behavioral response to stress in weaned pigs. We hypothesized that piglets who were cross-fostered (FOS) into another existing litter would exhibit heightened behavioral indicators of stress after weaning in response to three behavioral...

Antemortem bodily fluids can serve as an indicator of veterinary medicine exposure prior to food animal slaughter. A multi-residue, rapid screen electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (RS-ESI-MS) method was developed to analyse 10 veterinary drugs or metabolites (clenbuterol, erythromycin, flunixin, 5-hydroxyflunixin, meloxicam, ractopamine, ra...

Cross-fostering is a common swine husbandry practice; however, little research has focused on the effects of foster stress on piglets post-weaning. This study evaluated the effect of cross-fostering on behavioral indicators of post-weaning stress susceptibility. Litters (n = 40) were allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON) and foster. Three p...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cross-fostering on piglet growth during lactation. Entire litters (n=40) were allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON) and foster. Three piglets (FOS) from each CON litter were randomly selected and moved to a foster litter 12 to 24 h post-farrowing, where they were nursed along residen...

Featured Application In this study, hyperspectral imaging was used to evaluate beef quality grades based on their intramuscular fat levels. The results showed the potential of developing an online hyperspectral imaging system for beef quality grading at beef processing plants. Abstract Fat content is one of the most important parameters of beef gr...

Increasing meat demand in terms of both quality and quantity in conjunction with feeding a growing population has resulted in regulatory agencies imposing stringent guidelines on meat quality and safety. Objective and accurate rapid non-destructive detection methods and evaluation techniques based on artificial intelligence have become the research...

Using swine as a biomedical model, this study examined whether consumption of added protein (red meat) or free sugar (glucose) throughout gestation and lactation will affect milk composition. Multiparous sows were fed an isocaloric supplement in addition to their normal corn-soybean meal base diet starting on day 40 of gestation and throughout lact...

Salicylic acid (SA) provides similar treatment efficacy to tetracycline-class antibiotic drugs for the treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. No milk withholding time following SA treatment has been established in the United States. The objective of this study was to generate data about drug residues in milk following topical treatment...

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to a ramp during the nursery period on growth, efficiency, and behavior in the nursery and during loading of market hogs. Materials and Methods Seventy-two crossbred hogs were enrolled at weaning and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: FLAT (housed in a conventiona...

The objective of this study was to compare different methods of evaluating intramuscular fat (IMF) in pork and test the accuracy of using a computer vision system (CVS) on different locations of the loin. Whole pork loins (n = 1,400) were obtained from 6 pork processing plants. Subjective marbling scores and CVS IMF percentage (CVS IMF%) were asses...

Hoof trimming is used to prevent and treat lameness in dairy cows; however, hoof trimming itself increases daily time spent lying down, possibly due to discomfort. We hypothesized that treatment of lame and nonlame cows with an anti-inflammatory analgesic drug at the time of hoof trimming would mitigate discomfort, thereby improving locomotion scor...

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate beef cattle temperament scores using infrared thermography technology.Materials and Methods Angus and Angus × Hereford calves (total n = 650) were brought through a handling chute system over two weaning sessions (October 2016 and 2017). Beef cattle temperament was subjectively quantified by (1...

Objectives The objective of this research was to utilize thermal imaging technology to estimate body temperature, so that an early stage of BRD can be detected.Materials and Methods Ninety-two steers were restrained in a squeeze chute that is housed in an indoor handling facility on 6 separate occasions. At least one image was taken of each side of...

Objectives Pork quality is a combination of many different attributes, including color, intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), pH, drip loss, and tenderness. Currently, in the pork industry, color and marbling of the whole loins are commonly assessed subjectively by a trained evaluator according to the National Pork Board’s color and marbling standard...

The objective of this study was to determine and document proportion of edible lean from harvested big game species (mule deer, elk, and moose), analyze nutritive value of longissimus muscle (LM) tissue, and discuss the implications of shot damage on loss of edible lean. Twenty-nine mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; MUL), 22 moose (Alces alces), and...

Pre-slaughter events of movement from finishing pen, loading, transportation, unloading and lairage are all opportunities to introduce stress to a pig. These events have all been identified as high-stress events for hogs (Meisinger, 2002), with transportation having been identified as the most stressful based on salivary cortisol concentrations (Ge...

The objective of this project was to develop a computer vision system (CVS) for objective measurement of pork loin under industry speed requirement. Color images of pork loin samples were acquired using a CVS. Subjective color and marbling scores were determined according to the National Pork Board standards by a trained evaluator. Instrument color...

Using swine as a biomedical model for humans, the objectives of this project were to determine if maternal nutrition would influence offspring carcass composition and quality. Thirteen pairs of littermates (gilts and boars; n = 26) from sows supplemented beef (GB), sugar (SUG), or control (CON) treatments in addition to their basal diets, from gest...

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of using computer vision system (CVS) as a tool to predict pork intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage under industry scale equipment and environment. In this project 200 pork loins and its anterior (3rd rib) and posterior (10th rib) chop were collected from 7 different packing plants (n=1400 loi...

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of image color features to predict subjective pork color scores. Subjective and instrumental color were assessed on the bloomed, cross-sectional surface of pork longissimus thoracis et lumborum chops. Images of pork chop samples were acquired using a computer vision system, and 18 image col...

Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between observed and predicted feed intake of an animal, based on growth and maintenance requirements. In Yorkshire pigs, divergent selection for increased (Low RFI) and decreased (High RFI) RFI was carried out over 10 generations (G) while feeding a corn- and soybean-meal-based, higher-energy, lower-fib...

The objective of this project was to develop a computer vision system (CVS) for objective measurement of pork loin under industry speed requirement. Color images of pork loin samples were acquired using a CVS. Subjective color and marbling scores were determined according to the National Pork Board standards by a trained evaluator. Instrument color...

A whole-genome association study was performed using the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and Bayesian statistical method Bayes B for litter size and litter weight traits in sows from a divergent selection experiment for residual feed intake. A total of 12 traits of litter size and litter weight at birth and weaning were included for the first two parities. W...

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of computer vision system to predict pork intramuscular fat percentage (IMF%). Center-cut loin samples (n = 85) were trimmed of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue. Images were acquired and pixels were segregated to estimate image IMF% and 18 image color features for each image. Subjecti...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flunixin meglumine treatment on lameness pain in dairy cows. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were enrolled in the study based on visual observation of abnormal locomotion. The primary measurement endpoint was weight-shifting between the rear limbs. Weight-shifting was calculated as the s...

The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of image texture features obtained from fresh (never frozen) pork backfat for the prediction of fatty acid content and Iodine Value (IV). Five image texture features (directionality, contrast, roughness, heterogeneity and line-likeness) were extracted from cross-sectional images of 9pork...

As feed costs continue to rise and efficiency during finishing is emphasized, the impact of selecting for more efficient grow/finish pigs on reproductive performance and feed efficiency of sows must be evaluated. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate correlated responses for sow reproductive performance and lactation feed efficie...

As feed costs continue to rise and efficiency during finishing is emphasized, the impact of selecting for more efficient grow/finish pigs on reproductive performance and feed efficiency of sows must be evaluated. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate correlated responses for sow reproductive performance and lactation feed efficie...

Lactation is an economically and biologically important phase in the life cycle of sows. Short generation intervals in nucleus herds and low heritability of traits associated with lactation along with challenges associated with collecting accurate lactation performance phenotypes emphasize the importance of using genomic tools to examine the underl...

Lactation is an economically and biologically important phase in the life cycle of sows. Short generation intervals in nucleus herds and low heritability of traits associated with lactation along with challenges associated with collecting accurate lactation performance phenotypes emphasize the importance of using genomic tools to examine the underl...

Color image processing and regression methods were utilized to evaluate color score of pork center cut loin samples. One hundred loin samples of subjective color scores 1 to 5 (NPB, 2011; n=20 for each color score) were selected to determine correlation values between Minolta colorimeter measurements and image processing features. Eighteen image co...

The objectives of the present study were to use scale-activity and scale-exit scores to (1) determine the extent to which selection for improved residual feed intake (RFI) correlates with individual gilt temperament, (2) determine whether the timing of assessment affects the scores, and (3) determine whether gilts habituate to the process of weighi...

The objective was to determine the extent to which feeding low-energy, high-fiber (LEHF) and high-energy, low-fiber (HELF) diets impacts meat quality and carcass composition of pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Two experiments were conducted in the divergently selected Iowa State University RFI lines: Exp. 1 evaluated carcas...

The objective was to determine the extent to which feeding low-energy, high-fiber (LEHF) and high-energy, low-fiber (HELF) diets impacts meat quality and carcass composition of pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Two experiments were conducted in the divergently selected Iowa State University RFI lines: Exp. 1 evaluated carcas...

Feed efficiency is of great importance to the swine industry, yet few studies have evaluated the robustness of pigs selected for increased feed efficiency based on residual feed intake (RFI) when challenged with disease. RFI is calculated as the difference between the observed and expected feed intake. The objective of this study was to assess the...

The cost of feed is a serious issue in the pork industry, contributing about 65 to 75% of the total production cost. To prevent economic losses and decreased productivity of the herd, it is important to select for animals that eat less for the same lean gain, or more efficient animals. Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between observed f...

Objectives were to estimate response to 10 generations (G) of divergent selection for residual feed intake (RFI = observed feed intake-expected feed intake) in Yorkshire pigs and to estimate genetic parameters for growth performance traits. The low RFI (LRFI) line was selected for decreased EBV for RFI during grow-finish. The high RFI (HRFI) line w...

Objectives were to estimate response to 10 generations (G) of divergent selection for residual feed intake (RFI = observed feed intake-expected feed intake) in Yorkshire pigs and to estimate genetic parameters for growth performance traits. The low RFI (LRFI) line was selected for decreased EBV for RFI during grow-finish. The high RFI (HRFI) line w...

Increasing feed efficiency is an important goal for improving sustainable pork production and profitability for producers. To study feed efficiency, genetic selection based on residual feed intake (RFI) was used to create 2 divergent lines. Low-RFI pigs consume less feed for equal weight gain compared to their less efficient, high-RFI counterparts....

The cost of feed is a serious issue in the pork industry, contributing about 65 to 75% of the total production cost. To prevent economic losses and decreased productivity of the herd, it is important to select for animals that eat less for the same lean gain, or more efficient animals. Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between observed f...

Simple Summary Transport of hogs is a routine practice in the swine industry. Loading pigs onto the trailer, transporting them to the plant, and having them wait in an unfamiliar pen at the plant prior to slaughter are all stressful to the pigs. Seasonal changes in temperatures can also affect the amount of stress a hog is subjected to during trans...

Abstract Text: Purebred Yorkshire pigs from generations 8 and 9 (n=334) of the Iowa State residual feed intake (RFI) lines, selected for low and high RFI under a standard high energy and low fiber diet, were challenged with a low energy and high fiber diet. In two replicates, littermate gilts and barrows from each line were randomly split between...

Abstract Text: Dense SNP data of 2,358 pigs were analyzed to quantify inbreeding across nine generations in two Yorkshire selection lines that were divergently selected for residual feed intake. Alternative genomic inbreeding estimates were compared with pedigree-based inbreeding. In general, genomic markers traced the same trends in inbreeding as...

Increasing feed efficiency in swine is important for increasing sustainable food production and profitability for producers; therefore, this is often selected for at breeding. Residual feed intake (RFI) can be used for the genetic selection of pigsfor feed efficiency. In our selection project, low-RFI pigs consume less feed for equal weight gain co...

Electronic feeding stations (EFS) were developed to automate data collection of individual animals housed in a group environment. In order for scientists to utilize EFS such as the Feed Intake Recording Equipment (FIRE; Osborne Industries Inc., Osborne, KS) in research, data recorded electronically cannot differ from data recorded on calibrated sca...

Feed efficiency is of great importance to the swine industry, yet little research has been performed to evaluate the robustness of pigs selected for increased feed efficiency to disease. Recent resource allocation theories suggest that such animals may be more susceptible to disease as a result of having less available energy to mount an immune res...

Feed efficiency is of great importance to the swine industry, yet little research has been performed to evaluate the robustness of pigs selected for increased feed efficiency to disease. Recent resource allocation theories suggest that such animals may be more susceptible to disease as a result of having less available energy to mount an immune res...

BACKGROUND Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency, is the difference between observed feed intake and the expected feed requirement predicted from growth and maintenance. Pigs with low RFI have reduced feed costs without compromising their growth. Identification of genes or genetic markers associated with RFI will be useful for ma...

Detailed information about candidate QTL regions associated with the back fat (BF) by 1 Mb SNP window, single SNP and haplotype analyses. (DOCX)

Feed efficiency traditionally has been evaluated either using a feed to gain ratio or a gain to feed ratio. Starting in 1963 with Koch, a new manner of looking at feed efficiency came into play and has become increasingly important. Koch adjusted feed consumed for gain and mid-weight in order to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI) of individual ani...

Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency, is defined as the observed feed intake (FI) minus the expected FI based on estimated growth and maintenance requirements of each animal. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of genetic selection for low (LRFI) versus high RFI (HRFI) on sow lactation efficiency and reproduct...

We have observed that during lactation, sows genetically selected for low residual feed intake (LRFI) had lower daily feed intake and body fat content, and more severe negative energy balance. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of selection for RFI on sow milk composition. A total of 20 second-parity sows (body weight 179 ±5.4 k...

Feed efficiency traditionally has been evaluated either using a feed to gain ratio or a gain to feed ratio. Starting in 1963 with Koch, a new manner of looking at feed efficiency came into play and has become increasingly important. Koch adjusted feed consumed for gain and mid-weight in order to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI) of individual ani...

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency defined as the difference between observed and predicted feed intake based on average requirements for growth and maintenance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of selection for decreased RFI on feeding behavior traits and to estimate their relationships with RFI. Three...

The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which selection for decreased residual feed intake (RFI) affects pork composition and quality. Pigs from the fifth generation of selection for decreased RFI (select) and a randomly selected line (control) were utilized. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, barrows (22.6 ± 3.9 kg) fr...