Jennifer Lee O'Loughlin

Université de Montréal | UdeM · School of Public Health

Self-compassion comprises treating oneself non-judgementally with kindness and understanding during life challenges. Our aim was to identify, from among a diverse set of sociodemographic, lifestyle behavioural, psychological, family/peer social influence, and health indicators, factors associated with low self-compassion in a population-based sampl...

Introduction We examined whether factors identified as associated with cannabis use at age 14 to 16 years are also associated with ever use at age 12. Methods Participants in the AdoQuest study (n = 1852) were recruited in 2005 from among Grade 5 students in 29 French-language elementary schools in Montréal, Canada. Self-report data were collected...

Background Movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviors [SB], sleep) relate to mental health. Although movement behaviors are often analyzed as distinct entities, they are in fact highly inter‐dependent (e.g., if an individual increases sleep, then PA and/or SB must be reduced) and these dependencies should be accounted for...

Introduction Although body weight has been positioned as a strong predictor of physical and mental health, positive and negative body-related psychosocial factors may also be important. Further, both theoretical tenets and empirical evidence suggest that these associations may differ by gender. Our objectives were to examine the associations betwee...

Introduction S’il est vrai que le poids constitue un fort prédicteur de la santé physique et mentale, il n’en demeure pas moins que les facteurs psychosociaux positifs et négatifs en lien avec le corps sont également susceptibles de jouer un rôle important. En outre, tant des fondements théoriques que des données empiriques tendent à indiquer que c...

Background: Exergaming may be an important option to support an active lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The objectives of this study were to: (i) explore whether change in exergaming status (stopped, started, stable and never exergamed) from before to during the pandemic related to change in walking or moderate-to-vigorous physica...

Background: Iran is one of the countries that has ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC), and has implemented a series of tobacco control interventions including the Comprehensive Tobacco Control Law. Enforcement of this legislation and assessment of its outcome requires a dedicated evaluation syst...

Background: Monitoring food intake and physical activity (PA) using tracking applications may support behavior change. However, few longitudinal studies identify the characteristics of young adults who track their behavior, findings that could be useful in designing tracking-related interventions. Our objective was to identify predictors of past-y...

Introduction Nous avons vérifié si les facteurs connus pour être associés à la consommation de cannabis entre 14 et 16 ans sont aussi associés au fait d’avoir déjà consommé du cannabis à l’âge de 12 ans. Méthodologie Les participants à l’étude AdoQuest (n = 1 852) ont été recrutés en 2005 parmi les élèves de 5e année de 29 écoles primaires francop...

Introduction L’initiation à l’usage du tabac chez les jeunes peut créer des différences de prévalence du tabagisme entre les provinces canadiennes. On sait que les différences provinciales en matière d’initiation sont liées aux stratégies de lutte contre le tabagisme et au financement de la santé publique, mais elles ont également été attribuées au...

Introduction Youth initiation may drive differences in smoking prevalence across Canadian provinces. Provincial differences in initiation relate to tobacco control strategies and public health funding, but have also been attributed to population characteristics. We test this hypothesis by examining the extent to which seven characteristics—immigrat...

Introduction School-based health-promoting interventions (HPIs) aim to support youth development and positively influence modifiable lifestyle behaviours. Identifying factors that contribute to or hinder the perceived success of HPIs could facilitate their adaptation, improve implementation and contribute to HPI sustainability. The objective of thi...

Introduction Les interventions de promotion de la santé (IPS) en milieu scolaire visent à soutenir le développement des jeunes et à influencer positivement les comportements modifiables liés au mode de vie. La détermination des facteurs qui contribuent au succès perçu des IPS ou l'entravent pourrait faciliter leur adaptation, améliorer leur mise en...

BACKGROUND Exergaming may be an important option to support an active lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to: (i) explore whether change in exergaming status (stopped, started, stable and never exergamed) from before to during the pandemic related to change in walking or moderate-to-vigorous physical...

Understanding the underpinnings of e-cigarette use among young adults is critical to addressing increasing uptake. We identified predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults in Montreal, Canada. Data on potential predictors were available for 714 young adults participating in the ongoing Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study at age 20 in...

Purpose The association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms is well established, but the role of coping style in this association is less clear. We examined whether problem-focused, emotion-focused or avoidant coping style mediated and/or moderated the association in young adults. Methods Data were drawn from a 20-year longitudina...

Introduction: Based on evidence indicating weak positive associations, expert panels have concluded that excess body fat is probably a cause of ovarian cancer. Most studies have used measures of adult body fatness, but hormonal disturbances by excess body fat in childhood may contribute to risk, which has been examined in only a few previous studie...

We examined change in walking, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and meeting MVPA guidelines from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, and identified factors associated with newly meeting and no longer meeting MVPA guidelines during the pandemic. Complete data were available for 614 young adults participating in the ongoing Nicotine...

Introduction Nous avons comparé l’initiation à l’usage du tabac et l’arrêt du tabac au Québec et dans le reste du Canada en vue d’expliquer pourquoi l’usage de la cigarette restait plus répandu au Québec. Méthodologie Les données proviennent de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC). Nous avons comparé les taux estimés mo...

Introduction We compared smoking initiation and cessation in Quebec versus the rest of Canada as possible underpinnings of the continued higher cigarette smoking prevalence in Quebec. Methods Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We compared average and sex-stratified prevalence estimates of (1) current cigarette smokin...

Introduction Most studies modeling adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories use age as the time axis, possibly obscuring depiction of the natural course of cigarette smoking. We used a simulated example and real data to contrast smoking trajectories obtained from models that used time since smoking onset or calendar time (age) as the time axis. M...

Introduction An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free private spaces among smokers could be due to heavier smoking among low SES smokers. We assessed whether quantity smoked or SES are independently associated with smoke-free homes or cars in daily smokers. Method Data were drawn from a cross-sectional telephone survey (201...

We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (i.e., non‐participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT...

Whether physical activity (PA) tracking devices are associated with PA motivation in young adults is largely unknown. We compared total PA minutes per week, total minutes walking/week, meeting moderate-to vigorous PA guidelines, and past-year activity tracking across motivation cluster profiles among 799 young adults. Participants with “self-determ...

Introduction We examined the mediating role of friends smoking in the association between depressive symptoms and daily/weekly cigarette smoking from adolescence into adulthood. Methods Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence In Teens study (NDIT, Canada) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK) studies. Three age...

Adolescents often report low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and high screen time. We modeled sex-specific MVPA and screen time trajectories during adolescence and identified contemporaneous patterns of evolution. Data were drawn from 2 longitudinal investigations. The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study included 1294 adolescent...

Purpose We estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between depression symptoms and night eating in young adults. Methods Data were drawn from a longitudinal investigation of students age 12–13 years at inception in 1999–2000, in Montreal, Canada. Depression symptoms were measured with the Depressive Symptoms Scale (DSS) 20 times fr...

Background: Team sport participation contributes to positive outcomes, including increased physical activity, better mental health, and enhanced social engagement. However, longitudinal studies show that team sport participation during adolescence is also associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, including harmful substance use behaviors. Our obj...

Trajectory analyses differentiate subgroups of smokers based on early patterns of cigarette use, but no study has summarized this literature. We systematically reviewed the literature on adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories to document the number and shapes of trajectories identified, assess if certain study characteristics influence the numbe...

Objective To describe the natural course of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence (ND) over 1-year in daily smokers ages 15 to 17 living in different social contexts. Method Cigarette smoking and ND indicators were measured at baseline and 3- and 12-months thereafter among 95 daily smokers with a total of 123 observations from the Nicotine Dep...

Background: Data are lacking on type of e-liquid vaped among e-cigarette users. Further, few studies assess all sources of nicotine used by e-cigarette users to assess whether poly-nicotine use relates to nicotine dependence (ND). The objectives were to describe young adult e-cigarette users by: (i) type of e-liquid vaped; (ii) poly-nicotine use;...

Objective: Physical activity levels decline from adolescence to adulthood, but participation in a variety of sports during childhood and adolescence (i.e., sampling) may increase physical activity behaviour during adulthood. We examined the association between sampling sports during adolescence and moderate-vigorous exercise behaviour in adulthood,...

Introduction: A substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity perceive themselves as 'too heavy' relative to 'about right'. Perceiving one's weight as 'too heavy' is associated with lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behaviour. However, the mechanisms underpinning the associations between weight per...

Physical activity is beneficial to lipid profiles; however, the association between sedentary behavior and sleep and pediatric dyslipidemia remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether sedentary behavior or sleep predicted lipid profiles in children over a 2-year period. Six hundered and thirty children from the QUALITY cohort, with at least on...

Background: Physical activity (PA) can promote mental health, but the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well-established. This study examined if perceptions of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediate the association between number of years participa...

Introduction: Few interventions target adolescent cigarette smokers to prevent escalation in cigarette use or promote cessation, in part because little is known about co-developing smoking and nicotine dependence (ND). Our objectives were to: (i) estimate developmental trajectories of ND/cravings, withdrawal symptoms, the mFTQ and ICD-10 tobacco d...

Despite limited evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in youth, experts recommend that adolescents engage regularly in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA. We examined the relationships between PA intensity and frequency and the likelihood of having high BP in a population‐based cohort of adolescents from Montréal,...

Abstract Youth mental health is a major public health concern. This study assesses whether baseline and short-term changes in mental health predict anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students. Not flourishing mental health at baseline was a risk factor for high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Compared to participants with stable...

Objective In Canada, the home has become the primary locale in which children are exposed to tobacco smoke. Single parents are less likely than two-parent families to ban smoking at home, but the extent to which this relates to economic inequalities across family structures is unclear. Our objective was to estimate the association between household...

Purpose: In young people, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are related, but the temporal ordering of the relationship is an open question. Previous studies have not disaggregated influences of interindividual and intraindividual components affecting the relationship. We investigated whether a reciprocal relationship between frequency of...

Both spending time outdoors and participating in physical activity improve mental health. Given that the outdoor environment provides an ideal location for physical activity, better understanding of the relationships among time spent outdoors, physical activity and positive mental health is needed to help guide interventions. The aim was to examine...

Background: Legal interventions are important mechanisms for chronic disease prevention. Since Canadian laws to promote physical activity and healthy eating are growing, we compared the characteristics of legal interventions targeting physical activity and healthy eating with tobacco control laws, which have been extensively described. Methods:...

BACKGROUND Exergaming is associated with positive health benefits. However, little is known about what motivates the decision to exergame in young people. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were twofold: to develop, validate and describe the psychometric properties of a new Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) scale, and to examine the test retest reliability of self...

Background: Exergaming is associated with positive health benefits; however, little is known about what motivates young people to exergame. Objective: This study aimed to develop a new Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) scale and describe its psychometric properties (Study 1) including test-retest reliability (Study 2). We also examined the test-retest...

Background: Nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms can occur soon after first puff, so that stopping smoking becomes difficult well before 100 cigarettes lifetime is attained. Yet some surveillance systems do not monitor ND symptoms and 100-cigarettes lifetime is used in at least one surveillance system to define current smokers. To assess whether thes...

Background: Sport participation promotes mental health and prevents mental illness. However, the association between specific sport profiles and mental health has not been examined. We investigate the longitudinal association between number of years with a recreational or performance sport profile and mental health during adolescence, and whether t...

Objectives: To assess, before legalization in Canada, whether parental cannabis use is associated with initiation of use in adolescent offspring or with use in young-adult offspring. Study design: Data were available in 2 longitudinal studies in Montréal, Canada. In AdoQuest, 1048 parents with children in grade 6 reported past-year cannabis use....

Introduction: We investigated whether secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of children. Methods: Never-smoking students from 29 French-language elementary schools in greater Montréal, Canada) were followed from 5th-11th grade (2005-11) in 5 waves: (1 (5th grade), 2 (spring 6th grade)...

: media-1vid110.1542/5828318368001PEDS-VA_2017-3701Video Abstract OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of a prognostic tool to identify adolescents at risk for transitioning from never to ever smoking in the next year. Methods: Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study, a longitudinal investigation of adolescents (1999 to pre...

Objectives: Daily cannabis use can portend problematic use or dependence. We aimed to identify early risk factors for daily cannabis use in young adults. Methods: Data were available in a longitudinal investigation of 1294 grade 7 students age 12-13 years at inception recruited in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada in 1999. Data on daily can...

Using a genetic risk score (GRS) to predict a phenotype in a target sample can be complicated by missing data on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that comprise the GRS. This is usually addressed by imputation, omission of the SNPs or by replacing the missing SNPs with proxy SNPs. To assess the impact of the omission and proxy approaches o...

Estimated odds ratios for the weighted and unweighted GRS. (DOCX)

Correlation between the Gold Standard Genetic Risk Score and weighted and unweighted GRS. (DOCX)

Correlation between the Gold Standard Genetic Risk Score and weighted and unweighted GRS according to the number of SNPs observed among the SNPs with the biggest weights. (DOCX)

Association between the mean of minor allele frequency of missing SNPs and the correlation between the Gold Standard Genetic Risk Score (GRS) and weighted GRS. (TIF)

Association between the mean of minor allele frequency of missing SNPs and the correlation between the Gold Standard Genetic Risk Score (GRS) and unweighted GRS. (TIF)

Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is associated with serious physical and psychological health sequelae that affect quality and quantity of life. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour can prevent or diminish these sequelae; yet, little is known about how these lifestyle behaviours change after cancer treatment and if these changes affect pos...

Objective: Leisure time physical activity (PA) and sport participation can promote mental health and prevent mental illness. However, the PA practices of performance athletes (who specialize in one sport, train intensely for many hours, over-train and who experience high levels of competitiveness) may threaten mental health. At the other extreme, y...

Introduction: Each year about two thirds of U.S. smokers make a quit attempt. Yet, less than 5% remain abstinent three months post-quit date. One factor that may affect abstinence is negative feelings about the self-associated with being a smoker (disequilibrium), particularly if smoking is important to the sense of self and one is trying to quit....

This study examined the associations between the context in which physical activity (PA) is undertaken (team sports, informal group, individual PA), and each of positive mental health, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms. It also investigated whether social connectedness or PA volume mediate these associations. A total of 460 students (62.4% f...

There may be sex differences in the response to nicotine, according to findings of studies in animals; however, sex differences in the natural course of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence are documented in few studies. Prevalent (n = 240 girls; n = 184 boys) and incident (n = 231 girls; n = 184 boys) cigarette smokers from the Nicotine Depen...

Background and objectives: Secondhand smoke (SHS) directly increases exposure to airborne nicotine, tobacco's main psychoactive substance. When exposed to SHS, nonsmokers inhale 60% to 80% of airborne nicotine, absorb concentrations similar to those absorbed by smokers, and display high levels of nicotine biomarkers. Social modeling, or observing...

Objectives: We aimed to increase understanding of the link between sport specialization during childhood and adolescent physical activity (PA). The objectives were as follows: (1) describe the natural course of sport participation over 5 years among children who are early sport samplers or early sport specializers and (2) determine if a sport part...

Objectives: To investigate whether the prevalence or co-occurrence of risk factors for cigarette smoking initiation differ by socioeconomic status (SES) and whether SES interacts with risk factors to increase initiation. Methods: In 2005, 1451 5th grade never smokers (mean age 10.7 years) in Montréal, Canada, provided baseline data, with follow-...

INTRODUCTION: Social support and social relatedness are widely recognized to have a powerful effect on physical as well as mental health. Many interventions including physical activity (PA) can improve social determinants of mental health. This research aimed to investigate if general social support and social relatedness specific to the physical...

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and depressive symptoms in women after treatment for breast cancer. Method: Accelerometer data on MVPA and self-report data on frequency of depressive symptoms were collected fiv...

Introduction: We investigated whether established risk factors for initiating cigarette smoking during adolescence (parents, siblings, friends smoke; home smoking rules, smokers at home, exposure to smoking in cars, academic performance, susceptibility to smoking, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, school connectedness, use of other tobacco product...

Background: Although most young adult smokers want to quit smoking, few can do so successfully. Increased understanding of reasons to quit in this age group could help tailor interventions, but few studies document reasons to quit in young adults or examine reasons to quit by smoker characteristics. Methods: In 2011-12, 311 current smokers (age...

Purpose: Little is known about age-related differences in risk factors for cigarette smoking initiation. We identified predictors of initiation in early, middle, and late adolescence from among sociodemographic factors, indicators of smoking in the social environment, psychological characteristics, lifestyle indicators, and perceived need for ciga...

Background and objective: High blood pressure early in life is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in adulthood. The objective was to identify sex-specific trajectories of SBP and DBP from early adolescence to early adulthood and to assess the impact of modifiable factors on the trajectories, including BMI, smoking, alco...

The objectives of this study were to describe the cross-sectional associations between body-related selfconscious emotions and depressive symptoms in young adults and examine self-esteem as a moderator of these associations. Data from a population-based sample of 811 young adults were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate linear regression analy...