
Jennifer LoyDeakin University · School of Engineering
Jennifer Loy
Doctor of Philosophy
About
73
Publications
12,692
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
664
Citations
Publications
Publications (73)
3D printing technology is now over thirty years old. This chapter is a call to arms for product designers to lead the development and implementation of 3D printing in a world facing the new and fluctuating challenges described in ‘Chapter 8: 3D Printing Sustainability and Digital Ecosystems,’ as well as throughout the book. It summarises the key ba...
This chapter introduces the three strategies that form the foundation of this book:
• Strategy 1: Working with existing production
• Strategy 2: Product redesign and new product design
• Strategy 3: Digital business innovation
In addition to developing design for additive manufacturing skills sufficient for designing with 3D printing, the authors...
This chapter introduces the realities of working with 3D printing for product designers, specifically from their point of view. Drawing on the authors’ hands-on experience with 3D printing (aka. additive manufacturing) over a cumulative 40+ years, this chapter untangles the confusion between the different additive technologies, re-framing them spec...
3D Printing for Product Designers closes the gap between the rhetoric of 3D printing in manufacturing and the reality for product designers. It provides practical strategies to support the adoption and integration of 3D printing into professional practice.
3D printing has evolved over the last decade into a practical proposition for manufacturing,...
The final strategy of this book goes beyond 3D printing of new or reimagined products detailed in Strategy 2 (Chapter 4) and begins to work through issues around the relationship between the customer and the producer, its potential for change, and the operational impacts of introducing 3D printing into an existing business. Through the five approac...
This chapter introduces the initial stages of a progressive, cumulative strategy to support the enthusiastic adoption of 3D printing into an established traditional manufacturing facility – not an easy task. Divided into six stages, the approaches discussed at each level of this first strategy are designed to engage and influence the attitudes of a...
This chapter provides over 25 diverse examples of product design practice, demonstrating how 3D printing has been implemented using one or more of the approaches defined within the three strategies of the previous chapters. The focus is on inspirational and unusual avenues for working with additive manufacturing for the product designer and include...
Once the workforce and executives of a manufacturing company have a positive, open attitude towards 3D printing, having explored the first strategy outlined in this book (Chapter 3), then the professional product designer can lead product redesign and the design of completely new products appropriate for additive manufacturing. This is the collecti...
Environmental, economic, and social sustainability are an increasing global issue, with environmental, health and political pressures impacting the way manufactured goods are made and distributed. This chapter considers the potential of 3D printing to contribute to future proofing manufacturing in the face of short term, emergency production demand...
This chapter provides product designers with clear guidelines on design for additive manufacturing (DfAM), written with their workflow in mind. It includes reference guides and summary tables of key features and specifications for the most relevant additive manufacturing technologies to product designers, expanding on the introductory information o...
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the color accuracy of HP Jet Fusion 580 3D printing, comparing 3D-printed outcomes against original digital input colors.
Design/methodology/approach
A custom cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) and red, green, blue (RGB) color chart was applied to the top, bottom and side surfaces of a 3D model. Four of each...
There is a disconnect between technical research into digital manufacturing processes supporting the development of product innovation and research into the adoption of these technologies and subsequent products into existing business practices. One of the reasons is the level of technical and business knowledge required for an integrated response...
To reduce the environmental impacts of manufacturing requires more than a change in production practices; it needs a rethink of society’s economic values and structures to change the public’s relationship with products and consumption. This is a difficult future to create, or even envisage, in societies hampered by the entrenched industrial practic...
The development of high-end, distributed, advanced manufacturing over the last decade has been a by-product of a push to foster new workforce capabilities, while building a market for industrial additive manufacturing (3D printing) machines. This trend has been complemented by a growing democratization in access to commercial platforms via the inte...
When a society is undergoing transformational change, it is a challenge for all involved to step outside their immediate context sufficiently to evaluate its implications. In the current digital revolution driving Industry 4.0, the pace of change is rapid, and its scale and complexity can inhibit a proactive, rather than reactive, response. Yet if...
In the past decade, 3D printing technologies have been adopted for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. Extrusion-based approaches including fused filament fabrication (FFF), jetting technologies including inkjet 3D printing, and vat photopolymerization techniques including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light projection (DLP) are the 3D p...
In response to shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, makers, community groups and manufacturers around the world utilised 3D printing to fabricate items, including face shields and face masks for healthcare workers and the broader community. In reaction to both local and global needs, numerous designs emerge...
In response to shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, makers, community groups and manufacturers around the world utilised 3D printing to fabricate items, including face shields and face masks for healthcare workers and the broader community. In reaction to both local and global needs, numerous designs emerge...
There is a societal, political and legislative drive towards greater transparency and accountability for environmental, social and economic sustainability in business. There is also the recognition of the complexities involved in monitoring operations in manufacturing and construction industries, and in particular where those are project-based. Dev...
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased demand for medical and protective equipment by frontline health workers, as well as the general community, causing the supply chain to stretch beyond capacity, an issue further heightened by geographical and political lockdowns. Various 3D printing technologies were quickly utilised by businesses, insti...
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased demand for medical and protective equipment by frontline health workers, as well as the general community, causing the supply chain to stretch beyond capacity, an issue further heightened by geographical and political lockdowns. Various 3D printing technologies were quickly utilised by businesses, insti...
Product Design has a digital future, but the changes in thinking and practice required of discipline leaders involve a paradigm shift, rather than an evolution. Rather than challenging existing cultures and conventional mass manufacturing expertise to create incremental change, it will be necessary to propose new digital product design themes that...
The earliest inventions informing additive manufacturing development were in the 1960s, with its first commercialisation as stereolithography in 1987. However, it was the expiry of the fused deposition modelling patent that led to a rapid expansion in use of the technology in education in the last decade, as low-cost desktop 3D printers flooded the...
The rising cost of health care and an aging population are issues that will need to be addressed within a future smart city environment. Digital technology is providing unprecedented opportunities for proactive health strategies to be employed to support healthy aging, including aging in place. However, whilst the technological capabilities support...
In 2012, a Belgian company called Materialise hosted a fashion show featuring designs from a worldwide millinery competition. The featured pieces were paraded down a catwalk by professional models, and an overall winner chosen. What made this fashion show unusual was that the attendees were predominantly clinical and industrial engineers, and the h...
In 2012, a Belgian company called Materialise hosted a fashion show featuring designs from a worldwide millinery competition. The featured pieces were paraded down a catwalk by professional models, and an overall winner chosen. What made this fashion show unusual was that the attendees were predominantly clinical and industrial engineers, and the h...
**This is a reprint of a previously published chapter. Please refer to: Novak, J. I., & Loy, J. (2017). Digital Technologies and 4D Customized Design: Challenging Conventions with Responsive Design. In V. C. Bryan, A. T. Musgrove, & J. R. Powers (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Human Development in the Digital Age (pp. 403-426). Hershey, PA, USA: IG...
The last 20 years have brought significant developments to digital fabrication technology, known as additive manufacturing (3D printing), and it has finally started to shed its prototyping mantel in favor of an industrial one. Yet its innovations are in danger of being subsumed into existing commercial practices, as society arguably continues to un...
This chapter describes how digital immersion, changing social values, and environmental and economic pressures have the potential to create a paradigm shift in relationships between people and their built environment with the growing sustainability imperative. It responds to emerging opportunities provided by digital technologies for the constructi...
Since the initial introduction of 3D printing as a prototyping tool for pupils studying practical technology subjects, its use has rapidly expanded over the last few years as educators have started to explore its potential as a teaching tool in diverse subjects. Yet it is possible that its potential as an educational tool lies beyond the innovative...
This chapter looks at challenges for women in leadership in technical disciplines, specifically mechanical and civil engineering. It considers strategies being employed to correct the gender imbalance and highlights the particular challenges faced by women working in these disciplines. The chapter responds to these challenges by building on the nee...
This chapter builds new knowledge for design engineers adopting fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology as an end manufacturing process, rather than simply as a prototyping process. Based on research into 2.5D printing and its use in real-world additive manufacturing situations, a study featuring 111 test pieces across the range of 0.4-4.0mm in...
When a society is undergoing transformational change, it is a challenge for all involved to step outside their immediate context sufficiently to evaluate its implications. In the current digital revolution driving Industry 4.0, the pace of change is rapid, and its scale and complexity can inhibit a proactive, rather than reactive, response. Yet if...
Health related issues from being overweight or obese are significant global challenges, and whilst increased activity is known to reduce the health risks associated with these conditions, current wearable and activity tracking devices alone are insufficient to motivate everyone over the long-term necessary to make significant change. This paper exp...
Purpose
Cutting-edge hospital and residential care architecture and interior design aim to address the emotional and practical needs of patients, staff and visitors. Yet, whilst improving on past practice, current approaches to design still rarely recognise or respond to individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of design-led r...
Background Additive manufacturing has the potential to disrupt conventional manufacturing. The argument presented in this article is that because product design students need to be achieving an advanced level of design for additive manufacturing to effectively utilise the technology in the near future, product design academics need to be researchin...
** This is a preprint of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the Design for Health journal on 12 January 2019, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/24735132.2018.1541400 **
Health related issues from being overweight or obese are significant global challenges, and whilst increased activity is known to reduce the he...
Engaged student learning is based on creating significant learning experiences for every student. Attracting a more diverse student body into Engineering requires a re-evaluation of the conventional project topics that dominate the discipline. Recognising and addressing cultural and gender bias in the development of project work allows for the educ...
Persuasive technologies are in their infancy, and whilst initial enthusiasm for standard interaction devices designed for gamifying exercise was high, more sophisticated responses to the challenges of motivating and engaging users are needed. The conference presentation showed a series of concepts by the design-led researcher James Novak into the g...
Engineering and design in the twentieth century were conventionally taught from opposite ends of an educational spectrum. Engineering education built certainty on a strong foundation of fundamental knowledge, with students engaging with applications only once those fundamentals were ingrained. Design, in contrast, involved challenging certainty, wi...
Digital design tools are rapidly changing and blurring the boundaries between design disciplines. By extension, the relationship between humans and products is also changing, to the point where opportunities are emerging for products that can co-evolve with their human users over time. This chapter highlights how these '4D products' respond to the...
This paper evaluates the impact of visual coding on the Industrial Design and 3D Design disciplines, in particular the role it plays in developing new products and services that would previously require interdisciplinary teams, or significant training beyond the scope of these disciplines into text-based coding and electrical engineering. The profe...
p>There are often references in design education to the idea that design graduates of the future will be working in jobs that do not yet exist. There are therefore opportunities emerging that are not currently recognised as within the designers’ purview. One such area of growth is emerging out around the potentials created by technological developm...
Engineering education increasingly involves working in groups. This is partly because of a growing value placed on graduate attributes relating to effective team working, and partly a response to the practicalities of working with large groups in an educational environment and the emphasis on peer learning. This chapter argues that a superficial ap...
Engaged student learning is based on creating significant learning experiences for every student. Attracting a more diverse student body into Engineering requires a re-evaluation of the conventional project topics that dominate the discipline. Recognising and addressing cultural and gender bias in the development of project work allows for the educ...
Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) is ubiquitous; picking up a mobile phone and searching for a nearby restaurant or sharing an image through social media is carried out without a second thought. It is part of daily life. HMI has recently emerged as a research discipline in its own right as the complexities of interactions, and their impact not only o...
If it was possible to wind back the clock on the first Industrial Revolution, then a redesign of production systems, based on the information available now, would focus on reducing environmental impacts, maximising resources and adding value to all products created, as well as taking into account the health and wellbeing of workers and the distribu...
Additive manufacturing, more commonly termed 3D printing, could be criticized as contrary to the principles of sustainability, as it enables unregulated production that can have a negative impact on the environment if misused. However, this technology can also support value added, invested design by putting accessible digital fabrication within the...
In 2012, a Belgian company called Materialise hosted a fashion show featuring designs from a worldwide millinery competition. The featured pieces were paraded down a catwalk by professional models, and an overall winner chosen. What made this fashion show unusual was that the attendees were predominantly clinical and industrial engineers, and the h...
This chapter provides an introduction to the discourse informing humanitarian design research practice and a context for evaluating problem solving strategies in this area of research. Advances in the development of creative technologies, and in particular 3D printing, are stimulating innovations in approach and practice. This chapter is based on a...
This paper is a reflective opinion piece suggesting that the Industrial Design discipline has an opportunity to react proactively to disruptive practices made possible by innovations in digital technology, by developing a field of practice in ‘Industrial Design Digital Technology’ that challenges the boundaries of the current Industrial Design disc...
Within the University sector, there has been concern expressed in recent years over the accreditation of alternative higher education providers to deliver degree programs. This presupposes that the two sectors would be in direct competition for the same students with providers offering similar programs and content, and catering to students with sim...
Purpose
– 3D printing (3DP), which is technically known as additive manufacturing, is being increasingly used for the development of bespoke products within a broad range of commercial contexts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for this technology to be used in support of the preparation and response to a natural disaster o...
Medical product design practice has changed over the last five years as advances in technology, both digital and practical, have opened up new opportunities to address patient needs in innovative ways. This paper identifies examples of new practice, considers how the role of the medical product designer has responded to the web of advanced technolo...
Creating proactive learners in design education requires inspiring students to think for themselves, to look beyond the classroom and see the opportunities and challenges in the outside world. As blended learning becomes part of design education, a rise in digital technologies allows an innovative thinking approach to eLearning that includes eMakin...
This conceptual paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using 3DP to support the logistic response to natural disasters/complex emergencies and in development activities. It concludes that 3DP has multiple advantages including speed (in comparison with conventional re-supply timelines) and the ability to use a single raw material from which...
This article considers the potential of 3D printing as an eLearning tool for design education and the role of eMaking in bringing together the virtual and the physical in the design studio. eLearning has matured from the basics of lecture capture into sophisticated, interactive learning activities for students. At the same time, laptops and interne...
Students starting their Product Design studies in Australia next year will be graduating into a very internationalised profession. Production has moved increasingly off shore, markets are increasingly global and collaborations are increasingly made across country boundaries. Higher Education programs have been responding slowly to these changes but...
One of the changes to University education in recent years has been an increase in learning flexibility for students. Modular programming has allowed students to not only customize their learning, but also to study in a variety of part time patterns. Whilst there have been many positive benefits of this arrangement, one of the negative consequences...
Anyone who has taught design in higher education for any length of time knows that the parameters of their work have changed. Design is no longer industry based, but seen as an approach, an attitude, with ways of thinking that can contribute to all programmes across the university system. Ensuring that this new cohort are engaged in authentic, comp...
Product Design as an academic discipline is a relative newcomer to higher education. As a result it has had to adapt to the teaching practices and organisation already in place in Universities. However, with the viability of the current business model of higher education under threat from economic pressures, the dominance of established practice co...
Twentieth century manufacturing was dominated by the demand for faster, cheaper, more efficient production. Standardisation, common components, design for broad markets, design obsolescence: these ideas were fundamental to manufacturing in the last century. Plastics were predominantly injection moulded, and the integration of draft angles into a de...
Design education is in transition as content becomes driven by sustainable practice and, most recently, ideas emerging in relation to post-sustainable practice. Over the past two decades design courses around the world have been constantly reviewed and revised to create approaches to design thinking and practice that consider the broadest implicati...
Universities have identified the internationalisation of the curriculum as an integral part of higher education. The aim is to prepare students to perform professionally and socially in the global work environment. This ability has been described as 'cultural intelligence', enabling graduates to work positively and productively within culturally di...
Creating learning experiences for students in higher education that have a basis in real world practice provide the opportunity for 'significant' learning. In addition 'linked' learning projects help business partners to understand the graduate attributes that are being developed on university courses and provide an opportunity to influence that de...
This paper draws parallels between the introduction of rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing into the product design academic curriculum and the development of creative learning using CNC routering and laser cutting technologies. It contrasts 'top down' learning and 'bottom up' learning strategies in designing for CNC routering and laser cut...
Creating learning experiences for students in higher education that have a basis in real world practice provide the opportunity for 'significant' learning. In addition 'linked' learning projects help business partners to understand the graduate attributes that are being developed on university courses and provide an opportunity to influence that de...
How does the role of the industrial designer change in response to the sustainability imperative? In practical terms, how does sustainability affect what the designer does and the outcomes that can be expected? What new skills and approaches should educators be teaching to help their graduates meet the new challenges involved? This paper is based o...
This paper draws parallels between the introduction of rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing into the product design academic curriculum and the development of creative learning using CNC routering and laser cutting technologies. It contrasts 'top down' learning and 'bottom up' learning strategies in designing for CNC routering and laser cut...