Jennie M Scarvell

• PhD, University of Sydney 2004
• Professor of Physiotherapy at University of Canberra

Lower limb dominance (or lateral preference) could potentially effect functional performance. Clinicians are often asked to make judgements as to when a patient has sufficiently "recovered" from an injury, typically using strength and dynamic performance outcome measures. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature...

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is common, resulting in significant pain and disability. There is no condition specific outcome score to evaluate the degree of severity of disability associated with GTPS in patients with this condition. To develop a reliable and valid outcome measurement capable of evaluating the severity of disability as...

Aims To identify the barriers and enablers of effective transitions of care between the emergency department and primary care providers. Background Successful patient care transitions from the emergency department to primary care providers are important because this process has implications for the quality, patient safety, and cost of patient care...

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes bony shape changes within the knee. Furthermore, the risk of developing OA increases with age. However, age alone does not cause OA. It is therefore important to understand the healthy age‐related trajectories of knee shape before attributing these changes to OA. The aim of this study was to determine the association betw...

Background Minimal clinically important change (MCIC) represents the minimum patient-perceived improvement in an outcome after treatment, in an individual or within a group over time. This study aimed to determine MCIC of knee flexion in people with knee OA after non-surgical interventions using a meta-analytical approach. Methods Four databases (...

Background: A proportion of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients are dissatisfied postoperatively, particularly with their ability to perform higher-demand activities including deep-kneeling and step-up where kinematic parameters are more demanding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between knee kinematics of s...

Objectives To systematically review and provide estimates of the minimal important change (MIC) and difference (MID) for outcome tools in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) after non-surgical interventions. Design A systematic review. Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched up to 21 September 202...

Objective To identify individual characteristics associated with outcomes following combined first-line interventions for knee osteoarthritis. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and the Cochrane library were searched. Studies were included if they reported an association between baseline factors and change in pain or f...

Total knee replacement (TKR) design aims to restore normal kinematics with emphasis on flexion range. The survivorship of a TKR is dependent on the kinematics in six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DoF). Stepping up, such as stair ascent is a kinematically demanding activity after TKR. The debate about design choice has not yet been informed by 6-DoF in vivo...

Objectives This systematic review aimed to determine the effects of neuromuscular gait modification strategies on indicators of medial knee joint load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis. Methods Databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, CINAHL and PubMed) were searched for studies of gait interventions aimed at reducing medial knee join...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a method for registration of 3D computed tomography to 2D single-plane fluoroscopy knee images to provide 3D motion information for knee joints. This 3D kinematic information has unique utility for examining joint kinematics in conditions such as ligament injury, osteoarthritis and after joint replace...

Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis plays an important role in improving diagnosis and in the evaluation of treatments and surgical procedures. For example, measuring the 3D kinematics of knee joints is essential for understanding their normal function and diagnosing any pathology, such as ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Image registratio...

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore academic faculty, employer, and recent graduate perspectives of the work-readiness of Australian new graduate physical therapists for private practice and factors that influence new graduate preparation and transition to private practice. Methods This study used a mixed-methods design with 3 survey...

Aims Modern total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses are designed to restore near normal kinematics including high flexion. Kneeling is a high flexion, kinematically demanding activity after TKA. The debate about design choice has not yet been informed by six-degrees-of-freedom in vivo kinematics. This prospective randomized clinical trial compared...

PurposeModern TKR prostheses are designed to restore healthy kinematics including high flexion. Kneeling is a demanding high-flexion activity. There have been many studies of kneeling kinematics using a plethora of implant designs but no comprehensive comparisons. Visualisation of contact patterns allows for quantification and comparison of knee ki...

Tibiofemoral shape influences knee kinematics but little is known about the effect of shape on deep knee flexion kinematics. The aim of this study was to examine the association between tibiofemoral joint shape and kinematics during deep kneeling in patients with and without osteoarthritis (OA). 61 healthy participants and 58 patients with end-stag...

Introduction A kinematic measurement method combining dynamic motion and imaging, which captures the behaviour of the hip at terminal motion, may offer improved diagnostic accuracy and enhance our understanding of the mechanics of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Methods 3 embalmed cadaveric hip/pelvis specimens with implanted Roentgen Stereoph...

Introduction: Kneeling is an activity of daily living which becomes difficult with knee pathology and increasing age. This study aimed to capture kneeling kinematics in six-degrees-of-freedom in healthy adults as a function of age. Methods: 67 healthy knee participants aged from 20 to 90 years were categorised into four 20-year age-groups. 3D kn...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) results in changes such as joint-space narrowing and osteophyte formation. Radiographic classification systems group patients by the presence or absence of these gross anatomical features but are poorly correlated to function. Statistical-shape modelling (SSM) can detect subtle differences in 3D-bone geometry, providing an...

Image registration is the process of spatially aligning one image to another. It has applications in different areas of medical image analysis. It can be used to assist the investigation of joint kinematics in conditions such as ligament injury, osteoarthritis, and after joint replacement. Analysing the 3D movement of joints after total knee arthro...

Background: Physical therapists assess joint movement by observation and palpation. New imaging technologies that enable vision of bones and joints during functional activities can be used to analyze joint kinematics and review traditional assumptions. Purpose: The purpose was to measure relations between flexion, rotation, and translation at th...

Introduction: The call for occupational therapists to embrace occupation-based practice has increased in recent decades. Little is known about how occupational therapists perceive and implement occupation-based practice. This study aims to uncover the experiences of new and recent graduates using occupation in their practice. Method: A phenomenolog...

Background: It has been suggested that imaging findings play a role in directing treatment for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Structural diagnoses associated with Greater Trochanter Pain Syndrome include gluteal tendinosis, and partial- or full-thickness gluteal tendon tears. However, few studies have compared imaging to confirmed tendon path...

Background/aim Occupation and an occupational perspective of health and wellbeing are required to be taught in accredited occupational therapy programmes internationally. Current research into occupational therapy education has commonly focused on curriculum design and the experience of students and their developing skills for practice. Little rese...

Background: While several studies describe kinematics of healthy and osteoarthritic knees using the accurate imaging and computer modelling now possible, no systematic review exists to synthesise these data. Method: A systematic review extracted quantitative observational, quasi-experimental and experimental studies from PubMed, Scopus, Medline...

Background: Understanding healthy deep flexion kinematics will inform the design of conservative clinical rehabilitation strategies for knee osteoarthritis and contribute to improved knee prosthesis design. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the kinematic outcomes measured at the healthy tibiofemoral joint during loaded deep kn...

Objective: To determine do patients do better with unsupervised home PT or in an outpatient setting Are the outcomes after a supervised (centre-based) and an independent (home-based) physical rehabilitation program delivered in the early post-discharge phase (<8weeks) equivalent in an adult THR population. Setting: Acute care public hospital in...

Background The bicruciate-stabilized knee replacement was developed to replicate normal knee kinematics. We examined the hypothesis that patients with osteoarthritis requiring total knee replacement (TKR) will have better functional outcome and satisfaction with the bicruciate-stabilized implant compared to an established posterior cruciate-stabili...

Objectives This study compared the short term (24 month) clinical outcomes in a prospective, comparative case series of participant selected hamstring autograft and synthetic (LARS) ACL reconstructions. Methods 64 ACL reconstructed participants (32 hamstring,32 LARS), completed a “goal-oriented” rehabilitation protocol. They were assessed for join...

Background Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations. Purpose To investigate prospectively the relationship between functional performance test results at 24 weeks postoperat...

Question: What are the functional differences between people with greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GT), hip osteoarthritis (OA) or an asymptomatic population as measured by walking, Time Up and Go, single leg standing and strength? Design: Cross sectional study with blinded measurers. Participants: 38 participants with GT, 20 with end stage...

In this paper, a novel multi-slice ultrasound (US) image calibration of an intelligent skin-marker used for soft tissue artefact compensation is proposed to align and orient image slices in an exact H-shaped pattern. Multi-slice calibration is complex, however, in the proposed method, a phantom based visual alignment followed by transform parameter...

Automatic image registration algorithms that rely on a gradient descent based approach may fail when the initial misalignment between objects is large. The registration task is even more difficult for multi-modal images because of the non-linear relationship between the pixel intensities in the images to be aligned. In this paper we will present a...

Background: Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after synthetic (ligament advanced reinforcement system [LARS]) and autograft (hamstring tendon [2ST/2GR]) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations. Purpose: To pros...

Background Novel research surrounding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is necessary because ACL injury rates have remained unchanged for several decades. An area of ACL risk mitigation which has not been well researched relates to vertical stiffness. The relationship between increased vertical stiffness and increased ground reaction force su...

2D-3D registration is mainly used in the analysis of joint motion and computer-aided surgery [1]. Current multi-modal techniques use information theoretic similarity measures such as mutual information, cross-correlation or the sum of conditional variance [2]. These measures require the calculation of joint histograms using all pixels in the images...

This is the clinical and research version of the VISA-G It is a reliable and valid disability score for gluteal tendinopathy. "Development and Validation of the VISA tendinopathy questionnaire for greater trochanteric pain syndrome, the VISA-G"

Background/aim: The World Federation of Occupational Therapists' minimum standards state occupation and its relationship with health must be concepts covered in occupational therapy education. Therefore, it is assumed that Australian graduates have sound knowledge of the principles of occupation-based practice. In some practice settings, the link...

Background Many injury prevention and rehabilitation programs aim to train hamstring and quadriceps co-activation to constrain excessive anterior tibial translation and protect the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from injury. However, despite strong clinical belief in its efficacy, primary evidence supporting training co-activation of the hamstrin...

Gradient descent-based automatic image registration algorithms typically fail when the initial misalignment between objects is large. This is a major limitation for routine clinical applications. The registration task is even more difficult for multi-modal images because of the nonlinear relationship between the pixel intensities in the images to b...

The application of 3D–2D image registration can be enormously helpful for different clinical purposes, such as image-guided surgery and the kinematic analysis of bones in knee and ankle joints. A limitation of this approach is the need to recalculate the voxel values in the 3D volume for every iteration of the registration procedure prior to genera...

Background Currently the clinical standard for measuring the motion of the bones in knee joints with sufficient precision involves implanting tantalum beads into the bones. These beads appear as high intensity features in radiographs and can be used for precise kinematic measurements. This procedure imposes a strong coupling between accuracy and in...

A limitation to accurate automatic tracking of knee motion is the noise and blurring present in low dose X-ray fluoroscopy images. For more accurate tracking, this noise should be reduced while preserving anatomical structures such as bone. Noise in low dose X-ray images is generated from different sources, however quantum noise is by far the most...

Total hip arthroplasty or THA is a surgical procedure for the relief of significant disabling pain caused by osteoarthritis or hip fracture. Knowledge of the 3D kinematics of the hip during specific functional activities is important for THA component design. In this paper we compare kinematic measurements obtained by a new 2D-3D registration algor...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish if vertical stiffness was greater in professional Australian rules footballers who sustained a lower limb skeletal muscle strain compared to those who did not, and to establish if a relationship between age, or training history, and vertical stiffness existed. Thirty-one participants underwent wee...

Measuring the relative motion of the femur and tibia in a knee joint currently requires tantalum beads to be implanted into the bones. These beads appear as high-intensity features in radiographs and can be used for precise kinematic measurements. This procedure imposes a strong coupling between accuracy and invasiveness. Advances in ultrasound (US...

In magnetic resonance imaging, the long acquisition time required to capture k-space data according to the Nyquist sampling rule is a major limitation. Methods for reducing the scan time for these types of imaging procedures have attracted considerable research interest. Compressed sensing approaches have recently been applied to allow faster acqui...

In people who have been discharged from hospital after a total hip replacement, do rehabilitation exercises directed by a physiotherapist improve strength, gait, function and quality of life? Are these exercises as effective in an unsupervised home-based setting as they are in a supervised outpatient setting? Systematic review with meta-analysis of...

The most popular and accurate kinematic analysis methods for musculoskeletal injuries or diseases, prosthesis planning and design are invasive in nature. The invasive methods are harmful and painful for the patient and not practically feasible to use for pre-operation planning on healthy knees. This paper presents a novel non-invasive, accurate kin...

Musculoskeletal injury causes pain and when chronic can affect mental health, employment and quality of life. This study examined work participation, function and quality of life in people with greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS, n=42), severe hip osteoarthritis (OA, n=20) and an asymptomatic group (ASC, n=23). No differences were found betwe...

Total Knee Arthroplasty or TKA is a surgical procedure for relief of significant, disabling pain caused by severe arthritis. In TKA component design, 3D-2D registration using single plane fluoroscopy is very important for analyzing 3D knee kinematics. The purpose of this study is to determine the precision provided by a new 3D-2D registration algor...

Internal fixation of femoral fractures requires drilling holes through the cortical bone of the shaft of the femur. Intramedullary suction reduces the fat emboli produced by reaming and nailing femoral fractures but requires four suction portals to be drilled into the femoral shaft. This work investigated the effect of these additional holes on the...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating health condition affecting elderly population. Early diagnosis of the disease noninvasively will be very useful, and requires novel image analysis techniques to be developed for processing radiological and MRI scans of knee joints. In this paper, we propose novel micro texture based feature descriptors for...

Kinematic analysis provides a strong link between musculoskeletal injuries, chronic joint conditions, treatment planning/monitoring and prosthesis design/outcome. However, fast and accurate 3D kinematic analysis still remains a challenge in order to translate this procedure into clinical scenarios. 3D computed tomography (CT) to 2D single-plane flu...

Effective treatment of hip pain leads to improved quality of life and population health. This is dependent on accurate differential diagnosis. While hip osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis is well defined,1 the diagnosis of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is not. The aim of this study was to clinically define GTPS. Forty one people with GTPS, r...

Despite epidemiologic evidence for the presence of osteoporosis in patients with minimal trauma fractures, screening programs have not been routinely established in Australian ambulatory care clinics. Our study assessed the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients at a tertiary care hospital to gather local data to support policy chang...

Technology development makes it possible to massively produce cheap sensors for personal use. The data collected, if being properly analysed, can provide accurate and comprehensive personal health information. In this paper, we report our preliminary findings in applying modern information technology in to personal healthcare systems care. We are c...

In multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the resolution in the slice direction is usually reduced to allow faster acquisition times and to reduce the amount of noise in each 2D slice. To address this issue, a number of super resolution (SR) methods have been proposed to improve the resolution of 3D MRI vol-umes. Most of the methods involve...

In medical imaging, 2D-3D registration approaches have been used for image guided surgery (IGS) and pre-, post-operative measurement of joint kinematics. The application addressed in this paper is the registration of single-plane 2D fluoroscopy images to 3D Computed Tomography (CT) data. A limitation of previously proposed 2D-3D registration algori...

In medical imaging, 2D-3D registration approaches have been used for image guided surgery (IGS) and pre-, post-operative measurement of joint kinematics. The application addressed in this paper is the registration of single-plane 2D fluoroscopy images to 3D Computed Tomography (CT) data. A limitation of previously proposed 2D-3D registration algori...

The registration of 3D CT volumes to 2D fluoroscopy video frames has been used in a number of important medical applications such as image guided surgery and kinematic analysis of joints. A major limitation for this type of registration is the computational complexity of the algorithms required to perform the registration. These algorithms present...

An understanding of the kinematics of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency is important for the diagnosis and management of patients with isolated PCL injury. The kinematics of PCL injury has been analysed through cadaveric and in vivo imaging studies. Cadaveric studies have detailed the anatomy of the PCL. It consists of two functional bun...

Introduction. While there are many causes which are understood to lead to disk degeneration, loss of nutrition of the disk is the final common pathway1. Disk nutrition is fundamentally influenced by dynamic compression frequency2 which corresponds to the frequency at which the spinal segments move in a normal day. The effect of reduced movement is...

Background Effective treatment of hip pain improves population health and quality of life. Accurate differential diagnosis is fundamental to effective treatment. The diagnostic criteria for one common hip problem, greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) have not been well defined. Purpose To define the clinical presentation of GTPS. Methods Forty...

Age-related thoracic hyperkyphosis can lead to poor health outcomes including pain and dysfunction. Physiotherapists are fundamentally involved in the assessment and treatment of this problem but there is no published data that details assessment and treatment strategies or the attitudes of practitioners with respect to hyperkyphosis. The purpose o...

Currently the standard clinical practice for measuring the motion of bones in a knee joint with sufficient precision involves implanting tantalum beads into the bones to act as fiducial markers prior to imaging using X-ray equipment. This procedure is invasive in nature and exposure to ionizing radiation imposes a cancer risk and the patient's move...

Abstract The 'stiffness' concept originates from Hooke's law which states that the force required to deform an object is related to a spring constant and the distance that object is deformed. Research into stiffness in the human body is undergoing unprecedented popularity; possibly because stiffness has been associated with sporting performance and...

Local backside wear measurements on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial inserts in LCS mobile bearing knee prostheses have been performed using a new radioisotope tracing technique. The radioisotope tracers 97Ru and 101mRh were synthesized via a fusion evaporation reaction and recoil-implanted into cylindrical plugs of UHMWPE....

Kinematic analysis of normal and artificial knee joints is an important diagnostic tool for the orthopaedic research community. Abnormal motion in a knee joint gives rise to pain and eventually causes chronic injury. Currently the standard way to measure the motion of bones in a knee joint with high precision is by implanting tantalum beads in the...

To evaluate if pelvic or hip width predisposed women to developing greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). Prospective case control study. Four groups were included in the study: those gluteal tendon reconstructions (n=31, GTR), those with conservatively managed GTPS (n=29), those with hip osteoarthritis (n=20, OA) and 22 asymptomatic participan...

The aim of the present study was to compare the in vivo articulation of the healthy knee to the contralateral knee of subjects with acute and chronic PCL injuries. Magnetic resonance was used to generate sagittal images of 10 healthy knees and 10 knees with isolated PCL injuries (5 acute and 5 chronic). The subjects performed a supine leg press aga...

A new measurement technique of prosthesis wear by microscratching has been demonstrated. The technique has been applied in a study of the backside wear of a UHMW polyethylene tibial insert of a rotating platform knee prosthesis. Four disc-shaped UHMW polyethylene plugs, prepared with 5-μm deep microscratches, were carefully recessed into the backsi...

Serpell, BG, Scarvell, JM, Ball, NB, and Smith, PN. Mechanisms and risk factors for noncontact ACL injury in age mature athletes who engage in field or court sports: A summary of literature since 1980. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3160-3176, 2012-Epidemiological data show that in the last 10 years alone the incidence and rate of anterior cruciate li...

Measurement of the motion of the components in normal and artificial knee joints is a major goal of the orthopaedic research community. Abnormal motion in knee joints is a major cause of pain and often leads to chronic injury. Currently the standard way to measure the motion with enough accuracy is by implanting tantalum beads in the bones prior to...

Baillet A, Zeboulon N, Gossec L, et al. Arthritis Care Res 2011;62:984–92.[OpenUrl][1][Web of Science][2] It is estimated that at least 1.16% of women and 0.44% of men in the UK have rheumatoid arthritis.1 It is a disabling condition that has been recognised as having cardiovascular systemic effects and secondary effects of immobilisation.2 Nation...

The 35th Australian/New Zealand Annual Condensed Matter and Materials Meeting was held at the Charles Sturt University campus in Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia from the 1st to the 4th of February 2011. The conference was attended by 92 delegates from a range of universities across Australia, New Zealand and further afield. There were a total of 9 invi...

Bicruciate-stabilised total knee replacement (TKR) aims to restore normal kinematics by replicating the function of both cruciate ligaments. We performed a prospective, randomised controlled trial in which bicruciate- and posterior-stabilised TKRs were implanted in 13 and 15 osteo-arthritic knees, respectively. The mean age of the bicruciate-stabil...

This study demonstrates a new method of radioisotope labeling of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene inserts in prosthetic joints for wear studies. The radioisotopes 97Ru,100Pd,100Rh, and 101mRh are produced in fusion evaporation reactions induced by 12C ions in a 92Zr target foil. The fusion products recoil-implant into ultra-high molecular w...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to characterise UHMWPE wear debris from a knee prosthesis actuated under constant load. The size and shape of debris particles is quantified in all three spatial dimensions. Artificially limiting the analysis to the two-dimensional projections of the particles onto the substrate plane, it has been found that eq...

The accuracy of surface EMG measurement is dependent upon minimizing potential crosstalk from other muscles. Although they are deeply situated, in places the erector spinae are covered with electrically silent aponeuroses rather than active muscle tissue. Theoretically these aponeuroses can serve as windows for sEMG recordings. A recent anatomical...