Jeffrey Z. J. Zheng

Conjugate System Research

In the rapidly evolving information era, the dissemination of information has become swifter and more extensive. Fake news, in particular, spreads more rapidly and is produced at a lower cost compared to genuine news. While researchers have developed various methods for the automated detection of fake news, challenges such as the presence of multim...

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been considered effective tools for graph representation learning, among which Graph Attention Networks (GAT) has gained much attention since GAT assigns different weights to different nodes to generate a new node representation. In most of GNNs including GAT, the first-order adjacent nodes are only used to message...

This book is composed of three parts, I–III to form quantum measurement foundation on multiple variables of complex vector functions. Four chapters in part I establish the conjugate foundation on the conjugate complex vector system, conjugate {0,1} logic, conjugate algebra, and time measuring orders. Three chapters in part II discuss past, curren...

Remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) refers to finding images from an image database that contain the same instance as the query image, which is an essential task in remote sensing applications. Traditional depth-based hashing algorithms usually convert the image library into a hash matrix with a specified number of digits. On the one hand, the qu...

Bohr proposed the complementarity principle in 1927 as the foundation of quantum mechanics, since then relevant debates have been critically discussed for many years. Applying a pair of spin particles, Einstein proposed the EPR paradox in 1935. Using nonlocal potential properties, Aharonov and Bohm proposed the AB effect to test complementary measu...

Hamiltonian dynamics play a key role in the foundation of modern physics and mathematics with wider applications in multiple advanced sciences and technologies. This paper proposes a conjugate transformation structure and its measurement operators on a hierarchy of multiple levels to support intermediate transforming structures from pairs of logic...

COVID-19 triggered by SARS-CoV-2 has become a common problem faced by people all over the world. With the development of bioinformatics and the breakthrough progress of gene technologies. It is a challenging topic to use genomic datasets for SARS-CoV-2 research. In this paper, a 3D visualization method is proposed to show the A9 module of the metag...

COVID-19 triggered by SARS-CoV-2 has become a common problem faced by people all over the world. With the development of bioinformatics and the breakthrough progress of gene technologies. It is a challenging topic to use genomic datasets for SARS-CoV-2 research. In this paper, a 3D visualization method is pro-posed to show the A9 module of the meta...

To analyze SARS CoV-2 genomes, this paper uses a viral genome collected in Wuhan as a basic sequence to select a set of genomes from G20 countries/regions for comparison. Two methods are applied in visualization followed in the A1 and C1 modules of the MAS to provide 1D similarity projection and information entropy approaches. For a pair of two gen...

Covid-19 genomes were collected from three regions: Shanghai-China, Tbilisi-Georgia and Sydney-Australia. Five similar genomes were selected from each region for research in this paper. Applying the "datum gene sequence" method proposed, our results show that variation is immense in the Sydney-Australia region, followed by variation in the Tbilisi-...

Different coronaviruses can be identified as three categories: common coronaviruses, fatal coronaviruses, and domestic coronaviruses. It is convenient to generate various visual results for their RNA sequences on variant maps. In this paper, a functional group measurement method is proposed to combine discrete mathematics and computational technolo...

Applying momentum measures and probability distributions, a visual scheme is proposed in this paper to transfer SARS-CoV-2 genomes to two distinct maps to be the A6 module of the MAS. Based on collected datasets of SARS-CoV-2 on different countries as examples, relevant characteristics and correlation of probability distributions are described. In...

SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributi...

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out earlier in Wuhan, and the plague spread rapidly from multiple resources of different countries. COVID-19 has caused millions of diagnosed people worldwide, causing many deaths and posing a severe threat to public health in countries around the world. Facing this urgent situation, in-depth research on...

Covid-19 genomes were collected from three regions: Shanghai-China, Tbilisi-Georgia and Sydney-Australia. Five similar genomes were selected from each region for research in this paper. Applying the “datum gene sequence” method proposed, our results show that variation is immense in the Sydney-Australia region, followed by variation in the Tbilisi-...

Different coronaviruses can be identified as three categories: common coronaviruses, fatal coronaviruses, and domestic coronaviruses. It is convenient to generate various visual results for their RNA sequences on variant maps. In this paper, a functional group measurement method is proposed to combine discrete mathematics and computational technolo...

SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributi...

Applying momentum measures and probability distributions, a visual scheme is proposed in this paper to transfer SARS-CoV-2 genomes to two distinct maps to be the A6 module of the MAS. Based on collected datasets of SARS-CoV-2 on different countries as examples, relevant characteristics and correlation of probability distributions are described. In...

To analyze SARS CoV-2 genomes, this paper uses a viral genome collected in Wuhan as a basic sequence to select a set of genomes from G20 countries/regions for comparison. Two methods are applied in visualization followed in the A1 and C1 modules of the MAS to provide 1D similarity projection and information entropy approaches. For a pair of two gen...

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out earlier in Wuhan, and the plague spread rapidly from multiple resources of different countries. COVID-19 has caused millions of diagnosed people worldwide, causing many deaths and posing a severe threat to public health in countries around the world. Facing this urgent situation, in-depth research on...

Many studies on COVID-19 have been carried out, and it is interesting to apply methods and models to process the whole sequence of RNA. Similarity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 genomes plays a key role in naturally tracing its origin in scientific exploration, and further explorations are required. In this paper, an innovative of transformation from a 2...

Many studies on COVID-19 have been carried out, and it is interesting to apply methods and models to process the whole sequence of RNA. Similarity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 genomes plays a key role in naturally tracing its ori-gin in scientific exploration, and further explorations are required. In this paper, an innovative of transformation from a...

From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and then spread rapidly from multiple resources to other provinces and other cities in China. In this paper, genomes collected in four Chinese cities: Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou were analyzed as the A1 module of the MAS. Starting from the virus gene sequence itself, multi...

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many countries in the world from late 2019 to 2020 resulted in millions of infected people, and caused serious damage to the social environments with significant changes in human power and material resources in the world. The novel coronavirus is an RNA virus. RNA mutation is common in nature. Thi...

In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in ma...

In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in ma...

From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and then spread rapidly from multiple resources to other provinces and other cities in China. In this paper, genomes collected in four Chinese cities: Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou were analyzed as the A1 module of the MAS. Starting from the virus gene sequence itself, multi...

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many countries in the world from late 2019 to 2020 resulted in millions of infected people, and caused serious damage to the social environments with significant changes in human power and material resources in the world. The novel coronavirus is an RNA virus. RNA mutation is common in nature. Thi...

This paper represents sample results for the C2 and C3 modules of the MAS. Genomic index maps were generated for SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different samples worldwide, and eleven other viral genomes were selected for comparisons. Each 2D genomic index map acts as a pair of X-Y coordinate scatter points located in a specific geometric region restricte...

This paper is the B2 module of the MAS. The quantification matrix is formed according to the four-base arrangement in the genome sequence. The differences in new coronavirus genome sequencing sequences in different samples were demonstrated by using the most concise methods. Using 4 primitive variable value measures, changes in the virus genome seq...

The new coronavirus was checked on December 12, 2019, and spread rapidly over time. It has become a public health event spreading around the world. Until this time, the source of the virus remains controversial. In this paper, a series of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were collected using the A1 module of the MAS for visualization. Pairs of genomes are compar...

The new coronavirus was checked on December 12, 2019, and spread rapidly over time. It has become a public health event spreading around the world. Until this time, the source of the virus remains controversial. In this paper, a series of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were collected using the A1 module of the MAS for visualization. Pairs of genomes are compar...

This paper is the B2 module of the MAS. The quantification matrix is formed according to the four-base arrangement in the genome sequence. The differences in new coronavirus genome sequencing sequences in different samples were demonstrated by using the most concise methods. Using 4 primitive variable value measures, changes in the virus genome seq...

This paper represents sample results for the C2 and C3 modules of the MAS. Genomic index maps were generated for SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different samples worldwide, and eleven other viral genomes were selected for comparisons. Each 2D genomic index map acts as a pair of X-Y coordinate scatter points located in a specific geometric region restricte...

COVID-19 is outbreaking in worldwide. It caused millions of infections, killing hundreds of thousands of people and making all countries loss immeasurable trade. For finding the secret of SARS-CoV-2, researchers need to analyze various variation information such as multiple coronaviruses in different times over distinct countries. In this paper, th...

In this paper, a set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from four countries are selected for visualizations under the C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Based on the variant construction and the theory of information entropy, the module makes statistics on the number of bases in SARS-CoV-2 sequences to calculate the base probability measures in...

This paper represents visual results for the B2 module of the MAS. Using four meta genetic variables, multiple probability measures are extracted. Variations between pairs of virus genomes could be measured. From a macroscopic viewpoint, measures can be organized in a set of 1616 with (m+1)2 density matrix in combinations with supersymmetric proper...

This paper represents visual results for the B2 module of the MAS. Using four meta genetic variables, multiple probability measures are extracted. Variations between pairs of virus genomes could be measured. From a macroscopic viewpoint, measures can be organized in a set of 16 × 16 with (m+ 1)2 density matrix in combinations with supersymmetric pr...

In this paper, a set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from four countries are selected for visualizations under the C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Based on the variant construction and the theory of information entropy, the module makes statistics on the number of bases in SARS-CoV-2 sequences to calculate the base probability measures in...

COVID-19 is outbreaking in worldwide. It caused millions of infections, killing hundreds of thousands of people and making all countries loss immeasurable trade. For finding the secret of SARS-CoV-2, researchers need to analyze various variation information such as multiple coronaviruses in different times over distinct countries. In this paper, th...

Fifteen modules in the MAS provide unique functions to support wider applications. It is important to describe this set of transformation schemes from input genomes and output results using visualable numbers to briefly explain the transformation mechanism involved in each module. In this paper, vectors, matrices and various measurements are descri...

The worldwide outbreak of the CODIV-19 has become a global pandemic resulting in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deadths. To face such a global crisis, bioinformatics has played a key role in the diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19-infected patients. A novel bioinformatic tool for metagenomic analysis...

In this paper, comprehensive cases are visualized by {C1, C2, C3, C4} four modules of the MAS. Four sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with 20, 128, 381 and 1337 cases were processed to be represented as a series of genomic index maps in four entropies: combinatorial, integrated, mean and topological entropies, respectively. Typical samples and explanation...

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification...

The worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 has become a global pandemic resulting in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deadths. To face such a global crisis, bioinformatics has played a key role in the diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19-infected patients. A novel bioinformatic tool for metagenomic analysis...

In this paper, comprehensive cases are visualized by {C1, C2, C3, C4} four modules of the MAS. Four sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with 20, 128, 381 and 1337 cases were processed to be represented as a series of genomic index maps in four entropies: combinatorial, integrated, mean and topological entropies, respectively. Typical samples and explanation...

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification...

In this paper, comprehensive cases are visualized by {C1, C2, C3, C4} four modules of the MAS. Four sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with 20, 128, 381 and 1337 cases were processed to be represented as a series of genomic index maps in four entropies: combinatorial, integrated, mean and topological entropies, respectively. Typical samples and explanation...

Fifteen modules in the MAS provide unique functions to support wider applications. It is important to describe this set of transformation schemes from input genomes and output results using visualable numbers to briefly explain the transformation mechanism involved in each module. In this paper, vectors, matrices and various measurements are descri...

The worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 has become a global pandemic resulting in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. To face such a global crisis, bioinformatics has played a key role in the diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19-infected patients. A novel bioinformatic tool for metagenomic analysis o...

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification...

Using visual technologies, COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect sample, modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with mult...

Using visual technologies, COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect sample, modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with mult...

Using visual technologies, COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect samples, and modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with...

COVID-19 patients worldwide are conveniently described by position information to collect samples, and modern GIS maps are useful to show influenced flows and numbers of patients on various regions of a pendamic. From an analysis viewpoint, it is more interesting to organize genomic information into a phylogenic tree with multiple branches and leav...

Automated ultrasonic recordings are widely used in basic and applied research to detect the presence of bats. Often, algorithms for the automated identification of species are based on a pre-processing of acoustic information that involves the generation of spectrograms. Even though this approach is technically advanced, recent surveys highlight su...

This chapter presents a binary logic framework whose function elements are invariant under permutation and complementary operations. The entire framework is described using 4 levels of hierarchy: n variables, \(2^n\) states, \(2^{2^n}\) functions, and \(2^n! 2^{2^n}\) logic functionals. Under the proposed framework, it is possible to determine high...

In modern logic, various systems have been proposed extending classical Boolean logic & switching theory. Such logic frameworks include multiple-valued logic, probability logic, fuzzy logic, module logic, quantum logic and various other frameworks. Although these extensions have been applied to many applications in mathematics, in science and in en...

Advanced visual tools are useful to provide additional information for modern information warfare. 2D spatial distributions of random sequences play an important role to understand properties of complex sequences. This chapter proposes time sequences from a given logical function of 1D cellular automata in both Poincare map and conjugate map. Multi...

Randomness number generation plays a key role in network, information security, and IT applications. In this chapter, a permutation and complementary algorithm is proposed to use vector complementary and permutation operations to extend n-variable logic function space from \( 2^{{2^{n} }} \) functions to \( 2^{{2^{n} }} \times 2^{n} ! \) configurat...

Applying network topology schemes, two types of three levels of meta knowledge representations have been established. This chapter proposes a meta model on concept cell that provides a meta organisation of knowledge in natural and artificial intelligent systems structurally.

A method to classify one-dimensional binary sequences using three parameters intrinsic to the sequence itself is introduced. The classification scheme creates combinatorial patterns that can be arranged in a two-dimensional triangular structure. Projections of this structure contain interesting properties related to the Pascal triangle numbers. The...

Double-slit experiment plays a key role in Quantum Theory to distinct particle and wave interactions according to Feynman’s claims. In this chapter, double path model and variant logic principle are applied to establish a simulation system for exhaustive testing targets. Using Einstein quanta interaction, different measure quaternion structures are...