Jeffrey G. Norcini

This document is ENH 987, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 2005.

Phlox drummondii Hooker, commonly known as annual or Drummond phlox is one of north and central Florida's showiest and most reliable spring flowering annuals. This document is ENH 1020, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 23, 2005.

This is document OH-94, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. First published March 1993. Revised November 2005.

One sure way to prevent deer damage to your landscape is to choose plants that deer do not like to eat. Unfortunately, deer foraging preferences vary geographically and studies conducted with captive deer aren’t always accurate. So UF/IFAS wildlife researchers investigated the foraging preference of wild white-tailed deer at two sites in Gadsden Co...

Foraging preference of Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) at ornamental plantings was compared amongst 11 wildflower species native to north Florida and south Georgia. Deer exhibited strong preference for Coreopsis floridana (Florida Tickseed), C. gladiata (Coastalplain Tickseed), C. integrifolia (Fringeleaf Tickseed), and Rudbeckia fulgida...

Aristida stricta Michx. (Poaceae) is a perennial bunchgrass native to the Southeastern Coastal Plain of North America where it is a keystone species in the longleaf pine savannas and slash pine flatwoods from southeastern North Carolina to Florida, and westward to the coast of Mississippi. We examined genetic relationships within and among ten popu...

Barriers to establishing native plant communities on former pasture include dominance by a single planted species, hydrologic and edaphic alteration, and native species propagule limitation. Establishment may be dispersal-limited (propagules do not arrive at the site), microsite-limited (areas suitable for seedling emergence and survival do not exi...

Background/Question/Methods Roads are a ubiquitous part of our landscape, yet they often cause habitat fragmentation and may provide dispersal corridors for non-native species. To minimize negative effects of roads, vegetation managers increasingly plant native species and manage for wildlife on roadsides. However, native plant establishment may...

Traditional college students do not fit the demographic profile of people who are driving increased sales in gardening and landscaping or the use of native wildflowers. However, today's college students, especially those in plant-related disciplines, may be making future decisions regarding the use of native wildflowers for various applications. Ma...

Background/Question/Methods Aristida stricta Michx. (Poaceae) is a perennial bunchgrass native to North America where it occurs as the dominant groundcover in longleaf pine savannas and slash pine flatwoods from southeastern North Carolina to Florida, and westward to the coast of Mississippi. Its native habitat has been greatly reduced; consequentl...

ENH-1104, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini, Anne L. Frances, and Carrie Reinhardt Adams, provides recommendations for establishing this upright wildflower with showy yellow petals and brownish center that occurs almost exclusively in Florida. Includes ecotypes, site selection, site preparation, sowing seeds, establishment, and...

ENH-1103, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini, Anne L. Frances, and Carrie Reinhardt Adams, provides recommendations for establishing northern-Florida ecotypes of this low-growing, short-lived perennial that blooms with yellow flowers in early to mid-spring, including site selection, site preparation, sowing seeds, establishment,...

Full sun trial gardens (full sun) were established at Leon County (LC) and Santa Rosa County (SRC), Florida, to evaluate the effect of site on horticultural performance traits pertinent to landscape use (long-term growth, flowering, vigor, overall quality, and survival) of native and nonnative warm season grasses when grown under low-input landscap...

Full sun trial gardens (full sun) were established at Leon County (LC) and Santa Rosa County (SRC), Florida, to evaluate the effect of site on horticultural performance traits pertinent to landscape use (long-term growth, flowering, vigor, overall quality, and survival) of native and nonnative warm season grasses when grown under low-input landscap...

Dormancy issues and lack of approved protocols have led to increasing use of the pregermination tetrazolium test to assess whether seeds of premium-priced, prevariety germplasm of native wildflower species are living and have the potential to germinate and develop normally under field conditions, that is, whether seeds are viable. A major concern i...

Seeds of Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & Gray (Asteraceae) are being commercially produced but the lack of genetic diversity information has hindered growers and end users from addressing several critical issues affecting wild collection, commercial production, distribution, and the use of seeds. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentia...

ENH-1087, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini and James H. Aldrich, describes in detail the methods that the authors have successfully used to produce liners of Florida native wildflowers under greenhouse conditions. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, December 2007. ENH1087/EP342: Li...

ENH-1074, a 22-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey Norcini and James H. Aldrich, provides results of a study evaluating 15 cultivars of native wildflowers for performance in North Florida landscape conditions in Quincy, FL. Includes description, performance, and graph of appearance rating throughout the year for each wildflower. Published by the...

ENH-1075, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini and James H. Aldrich, describes two species of Mimosa that are native to Florida, use of powderpuff mimosa in the landscape, establishment, pests, and availability. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, November 2007.

Two different plant growth regulators were applied to 'Torch Flame' blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella) and a native blanketflower ecotype to reduce pedicel elongation and final production size. Uniconazole was applied as a spray at 60, 120, and 180 mg·L-1 or as a drench at 6, 12, and 24 mg·L-1 one and two times per plant. Ethephon was applied as...

Commercially produced, source identified, natural track seeds of Leavenworth's tickseed (Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & Gray [Asteraceae]) harvested in late June expressed a type of physiological dormancy in which seeds became nondormant first at cooler temperatures and then at warmer temperatures. In 2 studies, fresh seeds were buried about 7 cm...

Fresh seeds of prevariety germplasms of goldenmane tickseed (Coreopsis basalis), florida tickseed (Coreopsis floridana), lanceleaf tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata), and leavenworth's tickseed (Coreopsis leavenworthii) were harvested from cultivated plants and stored under dry conditions for 1 to 24 weeks at 15 or 32°C to alleviate dormancy, that is,...

ENH-1070, a 9-page fact sheet by Robert H. Stamps, Jeffrey G. Norcini, Timothy K. Broschat, and Charles W. Meister, lists herbicides for use in nurseries to reduce weed management costs in nurseries and maintenance costs in landscapes. Includes a table of tolerant palms and cycads for pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides. Published by the UF D...

Home region failed to provide any clear short-term improvement in plant growth, vigor, flowering, quality, or survival of Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (Asteraceae; firewheel) when plants derived from natural populations in east Texas, northeast Florida, central west Florida, central east Florida, and southeast Florida were grown under low-input lands...

Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & Gray (Asteraceae), one of the Florida state wildflowers, is nearly endemic to and very ubiquitous in Florida. Interest in commercial seed or plant production of this species as well as use for highway beautification, native plant community restoration, and mine reclamation has been increasing in recent years. This st...

ENH-1046, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini, describes the economics of native plant production, the legal definitions of native plants, key terms related to native plants, and issues faced by growers and consumers. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, December 2006. ENH1045/EP297:...

As one of the Florida's state wildflowers, Coreopsis leavenworthii is highly desirable for roadside plantings in all parts of the state. Seeds of this species are being produced by growers. Where should seed be produced for different ecotypes? Where can the seed be used? These are among questions that have arisen in commercial seed production and d...

Containerized Gaillardia pulchella Foug. derived from seed of natural populations in east Texas (ET), northeast Florida (NEF), central west Florida (CWF), central east Florida (CEF), and southeast Florida (SEF) were transplanted in early April to field sites located in northwestern, northern central, and southeastern Florida. During the 22-week stu...

Effects of season and fertilization on seed production were investigated for a central Florida ecotype of Leavenworth's coreopsis (Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray) grown in containers. Since container-grown ecotypes of native, herbaceous species are frequently grown using nutrient regimes lower than those for production of typical garden pl...

Seasonal and fertilization effects on seed production were investigated for a north Florida ecotype of lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.) grown in containers. Since containerized ecotypes of native, herbaceous species are frequently grown using nutrient regimes lower than those for production of typical garden plants, Osmocote 18N–2.6P–1...

The results of our 2 long-term studies indicate that while it may be best to restore a site with wiregrass (Aristida beyrichinia Trin. & Rupr. [Poaceae]) obtained from a similar site, it does not seem to be essential. In the first study, after 12 y, plants grown on a flatwood site in south-central Florida from seeds collected at a sandhill site (2...

Tissue-cultured creeping bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium var. stoloniferum (Nash) J. Wipff [Poaceae]), grown in pots containing sand tailings or overburden from a Florida phosphate mine, had shoot (4.6 g/plant [0.16 oz]), root and rhizome mass (5.2 g/plant [0.18 oz]), and vegetative tiller density (4.2 g /plant [0.15 oz]) similar to that obtained...

Rudbeckia hirta, black-eyed susan, is a popular container-produced native wildflower. However, there is a growing demand for regionally adapted selections because of ecological and sustainability issues. In separate studies in 2001 and 2002, seed from three sources — north Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL), and Texas (TEX)—were sown in the green...

The efficacy of various scarification treatments and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment on seedling emergence of Lupinus diffusus Nutt. (sky-blue lupine) was evaluated. Seed scarified in concentrated sulfuric acid for 90 min followed by immersion in water for 24 hr resulted in the best emergence of viable seed (≈ 41%). Mechanical scarification with s...

Plateau (imazapic) at 0.0175 kg ai/ha (0.0156 lb ai/A) to 0.14 kg ai/ha (0.125 lb ai/A) was applied the day after seed of annual phlox (Phlox drummondii), black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta), blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea), standing cypress (Ipomopsis rubra), and sundi...

Survival of black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta) from three regional seed sources was evaluated after inoculation with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum in the greenhouse, and after they were planted in fumigated or nonfumigated and irrigated or nonirrigated field plots. The three seed sources were northern Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL)...

Interest in use of Florida native plants for plantings in public lands and for use as forages stimulated interest in evaluation of cool season legumes native to Florida. Buffalo clover (Trifolium reflexum L.) and Carolina clover (Trifolium carolinianum Michx.) are the only true clovers native to Florida, and the former is more showy and attractive....

Eupatorium fistulosum, Joe-Pye Weed, is a tall (up to 3 m (10 ft)), upright, native perennial that produces large panicles of rosy purple flowers in the summer. However, its height limits its production in containers because tall plants easily blow over and can be difficult to ship. Rooted liners were transplanted into 3.8 l (#1) containers on two...

Seed of north Florida ecotypes of lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.) and blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) were sown in February 1998 and harvested manually or mechanically (portable seed stripper) at two different times during the growing season. Mechanical harvesting of both species was more efficient based on the length of ha...

Coreopsis lanceolata L. and Salvia lyrata L. from local (Monticello, FL) and nonlocal seed sources were transplanted into a field and maintained under low input, noncompetitive landscape conditions for 2 years. Plants of both species from local seed sources began flowering and were in full bloom earlier than plants from the nonlocal seed sources. N...

Creeping bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. stoloniferum (Nash) J. Wipff) embryogenic callus growing on solid medium was used to establish a cell suspension culture in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 (6.8 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.2 mg l−1 (0.88 μM) 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0...

Growth, flowering, and survival of black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.) from three seed sources - Northern Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL), and Texas (TEX) - Were evaluated under low input conditions for one growing season at four sites in Florida. Two sites were in American Horticultural Society (AHS) Heat Zone 9 while the other two were in...

Helianthus debilis Nutt. ssp. debilis ‘Flora Sun’, ‘Flora Sun’ beach sunflower, is a native, herbaceous perennial that should be propagated by cuttings to maintain its genetic and phenotypic fidelity. Stem cuttings were treated with a quick dip of a potassium salt of 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) solution at 0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500,...

Wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana Trin. & Rupr.) seedlings were germinated and grown in trays of 96 medium-filled conical tubes. Four-month-old seedlings were treated with Aatrex 4L (atrazine), Factor 65WDG (prodiamine), or Ronstar 50WP (oxadiazon) (applied individually or in combination) in July 1998 and evaluated for phytotoxicity 2, 6, and 10 week...

Evidence is presented that native populations of Rudbeckia hirta L. (Blackeyed Susan) may be adapted to regional conditions. Two Florida ecotypes, one from north Florida (NFL) and one from central Florida (CFL), were better able to withstand the low fertility sites under three AHS Heat Zones (9, 10, 11) in Florida than were plants grown from Texas...

Plantings of six native wildflower species—Cassia fasciculata Michx. (partridge-pea), Coreopsis ianceoiata L. (lanceleaf coreopsis), Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (blanketflow er), Ipomopsis rubra(L.) Wherry (standing cypress), Rudbeck ia hirta L. (black-eyed susan), and Salvia lyrata L. (lyreleaf sage) —were established during winter 1997 at five sit...

Initiation of callus and induction of embryogenesis were achieved from both wiregrass and creeping bluestem. MS basal medium containing coconut milk, sucrose, and 2,4-D were used to initiate callus from young inflorescence of wiregrass and creeping bluestem. The presence of 2,4-D was found to be essential for the induction and early development of...

Preemergence applied herbicides, Barricade 65 WDG (prodiamine), Derby 5G (metolachlor + simazine), Pendulum 60 WDG (pendimethalin), Snapshot DF (isoxaben + oryzalin), and Snapshot TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) were evaluated for control of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) in 2.5 liter (0.7 gal) containerized soill...

Postemergence control of Phyllanthus urinaria L. (chamberbitter) in nursery and landscape plantings has been primarily limited to hand-weeding. Prodiamine was evaluated for postemergence control of chamberbitter and phytotoxicity to containerized ornamentals. On 20 June 1995, prodiamine at 0, 1.68, 3.36, or 6.72 kg a.i./ha was applied over-the-top...

Cupric hydroxide (100g Cu(OH)2/liter; 13.3 oz/gal) in a latex paint was sprayed to the interior of propagation cups to evaluate the effects on rooting of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy ‘Sanderiana’ cuttings and their growth after transplanting. Forty-two-day-old rooted cuttings propagated in Cu(OH)2-treated cups had a compact rootball with no root cir...

The effect of four PGRs on production of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea [ Bougainvillea × buttiana ( Bougainvillea glabra Choicy × Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl.) was determined. Liners were transplanted into 3.8-L containers with a soilless substrate on 6 Apr. 1995 and were pruned on 15 May (mean height and width 23.6 and 34.5 cm, respectiv...

Members of the American Association of Nurserymen and the Society of American Florists were surveyed as to their use of herbicides and nonchemical alternative weed control practices for 1993. Glyphosate was the top-ranking herbicide among the total of 37 reported, in terms of number of respondents and estimated total amounts of active ingredients a...

Growers in the American Association of Nurserymen and the Society of American Florists were queried as to their use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nonchemical alternative practices during 1993. Daminozide (B-Nine SP) and chlormequat chloride (Cycocel) accounted for 78% of the total pounds active ingredient and were used by 20% and 17% of the...

A national survey of the commercial ornamental industry was conducted to determine the current status of pest control including chemical and nonchemical disease control practices. The fungicides thiophanate methyl, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and metalaxyl were used in the greatest quantity and by the largest percentage of growers. Metalaxyl was used...

A national survey of the greenhouse and nursery industries was conducted to determine the current status of pest management practices. This study covers the trends in chemical and nonchemical pest control measures and factors that affect adoption of nonchemical control measures. For the 5-year period 1988-93, there appeared to be a decrease in chem...

The efficacy of two applications of several PRE herbicides for extended control of long-stalked phyllanthus and leafflower were evaluated under container nursery conditions at two climatically different sites in Florida. Prodiamine at 4.5 kg ai/ha provided the longest and most consistent reductions in number, percent coverage (visual) of the medium...

The response of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea to the chemical pinching agent Off-Shoot-O® (OSO; methyl esters of fatty acids), was evaluated. Liners were transplanted 4 Apr. 1994 into 3.8-liter containers of soilless medium. OSO at 0 (+pruning), 7.8, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, and 250 ml·liter –1 was applied over the top on 24 May to 20 replications pe...

Derby (metolachlor + simazine), Pennant (metolachlor), and Princep (simazine) were tested at two sites to determine if they would provide control of Florida betony (Stachys floridana Shuttlew.) similar to Barricade (prodiamine). These herbicides were applied twice to containerized Florida betony grown from tubers—a preemergent application in Septem...

The effectiveness of three concentrations of either dikegulac-sodium or mefluidide on the growth of two containerized woody vine crops was investigated. A single application of dikegulac-sodium at 1600, 3200, or 4800 mg·liter ⁻¹ or mefluidide at 600, 1200, or 1800 mg·liter ⁻¹ was applied to either 3.8-liter containers of Asiatic jasmine (Tracheloso...

The response of the root system of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea [Bougainvillea buttiana (Bougainvillea glabra Choicy × Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl.) `Barbara Karst'] cuttings to 100 g Cu(OH) 2 ·liter ⁻¹ in a white latex paint applied to the interior surface of square 66 ml, 120 ml, or 280 ml plastic pots was determined. Cuttings (10 cm l...

Foliar spray application of dikegulac at 1600 mg·liter ⁻¹ during production of Bougainvillea glabra Choicy `Mauna Kea White', and Bougainvillea `Raspberry Ice', `Royal Purple', `Summer Snow', and `Temple Fire' in 4.5-liter hanging baskets (25.4 cm in diameter) was investigated in relation to flowering. The effect of foliar-applied dikegulac at 0, 4...

Application of plant biostimulants to various crops has enhanced yields and increased growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of plant biostimulants on growth of Hemerocallis × `Aztec Gold'. Roots of single-plant divisions were immersed for 5 min in solutions of 520 ppm KELPAK (seaweed concentrate), 390 ppm PGR IV (hormone concentr...

Flowering of Bougainvillea is enhanced when liners are treated 0 and 4 weeks after transplanting and pruning with 1200 or 1600 ppm dikegulac (ATRIMMEC). Dikegulac, however, slightly to moderately reduces bract size. This study was conducted to quantify the effect of dikegulac on bract size. Rooted liners of Bougainvillea `Mauna Kea' were transplant...

The use of dikegulac foliar sprays in production of 4.5-liter hanging baskets (25.4-cm in diameter) of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea [ Bougainvillea ×buttiana (Bougainvillea glabra Choicy X Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl.) `Barbara Karst'] and `Rainbow Gold' bougainvillea ( Bougainvillea `Rainbow Gold') was investigated under high temperatur...

Eight species of low-growing woody and herbaceous landscape plants were evaluated for tolerance to 1.1 or 2.2 kg a.i. bentazon/ha (plus a crop oil) applied over the top twice 7 days apart. Raphiolepis indica L. Lindl. `Alba' was the only species tolerant to bentazon in either of two experiments. Bentazon injury to Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bail...

Profitability and production of hanging baskets of bougainvillea, a short day species, could increase if vegetative growth and flowering were more easily controlled. Three-month-old rooted liners of Bougainvillea `Barbara Karst' and `Rainbow Gold' were transplanted into 4.5-liter hanging baskets (3 liners/basket) in late April (Expt. 1) or late Jul...

The granular formulation of pendimethalin (Southern Weedgrass Control) safely provides preemergent control of grasses and broadleaf weeds in a variety of landscape ornamentals but few annuals. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate phytotoxicity of pendimethalin to several annual species under landscape conditions. Pendimethalin at 1.7, 2.2...

The parasitic eastern mistletoe, Phoradendronserotinum is a perennial evergreen that infests trees including the deciduous pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]. Various chemical and/or mechanical methods of mistletoe eradication have been studied. An efficient method of mistletoe removal in deciduous trees involves the use of ethephon, an e...

The granular preemergent herbicides Snapshot TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) and Stakeout (dithiopyr) wre evaluated as an alternative to Snapshot DF (isoxaben + oryzalin) for control of spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata [formerly Euphorbia maculata]) in container-grown daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Aztec Gold’). Stakeout (dithiopyr) at 1.1, 1.7, or 2.2 kg...

The use of dikegulac in production of hanging baskets (4.5-liter capacity) of Bougainvillea `Rainbow Gold' was investigated under decreasing daylengths and high temperatures. Liners treated with a single application of 1200 ppm dikegulac 4 weeks after transplanting and pruning (WATP) resulted in the only marketable hanging baskets 9 WATP. Applicati...

Leaf physiology and growth parameters of Aucuba japonica (Thunb.) cv. Variegata were assessed under conditions of full sun (photosynthetic photon flux = 1531 to 2073 μmol·m ⁻² ·s ⁻¹ ) and under shadecloth (light transmittance of 69%, 47%, and 29% full sun) over 2 years. Two days after treatment initiation, net CO 2 assimilation (A) was proportional...

Leaf physiology of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) was assessed under natural photoperiod when grown in 100% sun or under polyethylene shade with a light transmittance of 69%, 47%, or 29% sun. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) was similar under 100%, 69%, and 47% sun; A was reduced under 29% sun. Adaptations to shade included a near perpendicular...

Efficacy of Cutless (flurprimidol), Sumagic (uniconazole), and Atrimmec (dikegulac) as affected by application date after pruning was investigated with Pyracantha × ‘Teton’, Ligustrum × vicaryi, and Euonymus fortunei var. coloratus. Cutless (flurprimidol) applied to the medium surface, or foliar sprays of Sumagic (uniconazole) or Atrimmec (dikegula...

Leaf physiology and plant growth of Photinia x fraseri Dress were assessed when grown under full sunlight or (100% sun) or polypropylene shadecloth with a light transmittance of 69%, 47%, or 29% sun. Plants in 69% or 47% sun usually had the highest midday net CO 2 assimilation rates (A). Net CO, assimilation rate was most dependent on photosyntheti...

Leaf physiology and plant growth of Rhododendron × `Pink Ruffles' were compared under conditions of 100% sun and under polyethylene shadecloth with specifications of 69%, 47%, and 29% light transmittance. Net CO 2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) were often reduced for plants in the 100% sun regime, although few differe...

Pruning date was investigated as a possible factor influencing the inhibitory activity of Sumagic (uniconazole) on growth of 6 container grown woody landscape plants. Plants were pruned 1 or 10 days before uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench on June 22, 1988. Plant height and width were recorded weekly through November 30, 19...

The possible loss of IBA for use in propagation of woody ornamental has prompted increased interest in the registration of phenyl indole-3-thiobutyrate (P-ITB), a potential alternative. Two products currently available, CYTOKIN and ROOTS, warrant investigation since ROOTS stimulates rooting of a few species (R. Poincelot, pers. comm.) and CYTOKIN i...

Bougainvillea spectabilis `Scarlett O`Hara' is an extremely fast-growing plant that can require frequent pruning during production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of uniconazole and daminozide in controlling growth. Plants growing in 3.8-liter containers were pruned 3 days before uniconazole (SUMAGIC .05%L) or daminozid...

The use of XE-1019 (uniconazole) [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] was investigated as an alternative to pruning of container-grown Ligustrum × ibolium, Photinia × fraseri, and Pyracantha koidzumii ‘Wonderberry’. A soil drench of 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/plant (in 100 ml tap water) was applied to unpruned and pr...

Changes in the levels of [(14)C]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and [(14)C]indole-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) were examined during adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilcz. ;Berken') stem cuttings. IAAsp was identified by GC-MS as the primary conjugate in IAA-treated cuttings. During root formation in IAA-treated cuttings, t...

Changes in the levels of [¹⁴C]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and [¹⁴C]indole-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) were examined during adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilcz. `Berken') stem cuttings. IAAsp was identified by GC-MS as the primary conjugate in IAA-treated cuttings. During root formation in IAA-treated cuttings, the l...

Changes in the levels of (¹⁴C)indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and (¹⁴C)indoleacetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) were examined during adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz. Berken) stem cuttings. IAAsp was identified by GC-MS as the primary conjugate in IAA-treated cuttings. During root formation in IAA-treated cuttings, th...

Changes in the levels of putative free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during the first 96 hr of adventitious root formation in mung bean [ Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz. ‘Berken’] stem cuttings. The putative IAA was characterized as biologically and chemically similar to IAA; e...

Home region failed to provide any clear short-term improvement in plant growth, vigor, flowering, quality, or survival of Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (Asteraceae; firewheel) when plants derived from natural populations in east Texas, northeast Florida, central west Florida, central east Florida, and southeast Florida were grown under low-input lands...

The genus Coreopsis is Florida's State Wildflower. Coreopsis lanceolata, lanceleaf coreopsis, is an evergreen to semi-evergreen perennial that is one of 14 native coreopsis species found in Florida. It primarily occurs in north Florida, but has been observed as far south as Lake County. Seed from commercial sources has been planted along roadways,...