Jeffrey Martin

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Verified

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Wayne State University

The purpose of the present study was to analyze Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly publications over the fourth decade (2014–2023) and compare them with previous documentary analyses of the first three decades. Consistent with prior documentary analyses, publications were coded and analyzed based on the use of theory, research participants, topic,...

Sport and exercise psychology researchers produce research to help athletes, exercisers, coaches, and parents. This research, both qualitative and quantitative, is predicated on an implicit and at times explicit endorsement of a mind and an agentic self. For a discipline such as psychology, it cannot be over-stated that a belief in a mind, as well...

Grants play a major role in higher education, including kinesiology. However, critical commentaries on the role of external funds appear nonexistent in kinesiology. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to outline the most common criticisms of grants to stimulate a conversation in kinesiology. First, I discuss benefits of grants. Second, I examin...

The purpose of this brief commentary is to address misinformation that frequently appears in many sport psychology publications. I discuss two historical giants in social psychology, Norman Triplett and Kurt Lewin, that are frequently cited in sport psychology publications. Unfortunately, the typical commentary on these two social scientists and th...

The overarching purpose of the current article is to examine the status of sport psychology as a profession in 4 ways. First, I characterize the profession of sport psychology as an illusion because there is so little demand for sport psychology services and because there are so few full-time practicing sport psychologists. Second, paradoxically it...

Replication can improve the scientific rigor in kinesiology and is a welcome advancement that we applaud. However, replication is frequently viewed as the gold standard of scientific research, and failures in replication are frequently perceived as a crisis. Given that this message is often repeated with little nuance or explanation, the goal of th...

Background Comprehensive health education in schools can effectively prevent drug use and related outcomes, but successful implementation remains challenging. Contextual determinants, including intervention‐setting compatibility, focus on the intervention, available resources, and leadership support, influence implementation success. This study inv...

The purpose of the present study was to identify eminent sport and exercise psychology researchers, based on citation count, and their most highly cited papers. Men ( n = 121) and women ( n = 32) from 17 different countries (e.g., the United States n = 47 to Ireland n = 1) were identified. Researchers were selected if their h-index was 60 or greate...

In this study, we investigated the relationships among perceived social support, perceived available support in sport, team cohesion, grit, sport engagement, and life satisfaction among disability sport athletes. Twenty-four athletes from Israel and Belgium, aged 22 to 65, 87.5% male (n = 24) and 12.5% female (n = 3), with physical disabilities par...

The purpose of the present study was to identify eminent sport and exercise psychology researchers, based on citation count, and their most highly cited papers. Men (n = 121) and women (n = 32) from 17 different countries (e.g., the United States n = 47 to Ireland n = 1) were identified. Researchers were selected if their h-index was 60 or greater...

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional concept focusing on the impact of health status on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine if sport engagement and sport-specific social support predicted HRQOL among adolescents with physical disabilities. Sixty-eight participants completed surveys assessing sport engag...

The Ketogenic diet (KD) has become extremely popular in the last decade. A KD appears to have considerable therapeutic utility, reduces weight, and enhances athletic performance. In particular, improving performance in distance runners is driving many runners to try KDs. As such, the present experiment had two aims: a) quantify whether a KD interve...

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine a model specifying that military, athlete, exercise, and disability identities would predict life satisfaction as mediated by physical activity (PA). Methods: Seventy-one military veterans (N = 71) with impairments participated and completed Exercise, Athlete, Disability, Military, identity s...

The purpose of the present study was to examine if cultural identity was related to the emotional experiences of Paralympic (N = 83) swimmers’ upon winning medals at the 2016 Paralympic Games. Paralympic athletes’ countries (N = 5) were scored on Hofstede’s (2011) six cultural dimensions and athletes who won medals had their facial expressions anal...

Two forms of perfectionism were examined in the present study to see whether they predicted prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport through moral disengagement and altruism in a sample of 327 wheelchair basketball and rugby athletes ( M = 33.57 years, SD = 10.51; 83% male). Using structural equation modeling, the following significant direct an...

The purpose of the current study was to examine the ability of psychosocial constructs and biomarker measures of overtraining and stress to predict athlete burnout, as mediated by training distress, during a 6-week intense training period. Twenty-three females and 17 male NCAA swimmers completed measures, before training (baseline), of athlete iden...

Adequate serum vitamin D and iron levels are thought to influence physical training adaptations and mood positively. The primary purpose of this prospective, observational study was to investigate relationships between serum 25-OH vitamin D/25(OH)D and serum ferritin levels with body composition and athlete burnout symptoms. Seventy-three collegiat...

Objective To test Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and examine whether employee perceptions of the workplace physical activity (PA) culture have statistically significant effects on PA behaviour and attitudes, as mediated by the three basic psychological needs. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Furniture manufacturer in the Midwest, USA. Met...

Adequate serum vitamin D and iron levels are thought to positively influence physical training adaptations and mood. The purpose of this prospective, observational, study was to investigate relationships between serum 25-OH vitamin D and serum ferritin levels with body composition and athlete burnout symptoms. Seventy-three collegiate athletes (49...

In the current study, a 20-year span of 80 issues of articles (n = 196) in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly (APAQ) were examined. We sought to determine if quantitative research published in APAQ, based on sample size, was underpowered leading to the potential for false positive results, and findings that may not be reproducible. The median samp...

Youth with visual impairments (VI) often experience unique barriers to physical activity (PA) compared to their sighted peers (Armstrong et al., 2018). A psychometrically sound scale for assessing barriers to PA for youth with VI is needed to faciliate research. The purpose of this paper was to confirm the ability of the previously identified three...

The goal of this study was to determine if emotional expressions at the end of swimmer’s 2016 Paralympic races varied according to medal won, and if their race wins and losses were close or not close. Using Facereader software, videos of 46 races of medal winning Paralympic (M age = 24.6; SD = 5.4) swimmer’s faces (Males = 78; Females = 60) from 22...

The purpose of the current study was to determine if grit, hardiness and resilience predicted life satisfaction and sport engagement in Parasport athletes. We sought to determine if we could replicate the results of Martin, Byrd, Watts, and Dent (2015) and Atkinson and Martin (2020). Participants were forty adults, mostly male (n = 38), Parasport i...

Grants play a major role in higher education, including kinesiology. However, critical commentaries on the role of external funds appear nonexistent in kinesiology. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to outline the most common criticisms of grants to stimulate a conversation in kinesiology. First, I first discuss benefits of grants. Second, I...

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a subjective appraisal of life conditions. Disabilities often decrease QOL for individuals, due to potential physical, cognitive, and social limitations. Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have delayed fundamental motor skills (FMS) and less physical activity compared to neurotypical...

Background Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience increased barriers to engaging in physical activity (PA) which can stem from lack of gross motor function (GMF) development. Intervening on GMF at an early age can create better opportunities for children with IDD to engage in regular PA. In turn, increased...

This chapter provides a review of disability sport and exercise psychology research that has recently started to receive substantial research attention. It discusses why sport and physical activity (PA) is so important for disabled populations and provides a brief overview of disability models. The chapter extends the work of Jeffrey Martin, who ex...

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a subjective appraisal of life conditions. Disabilities often decrease QOL for individuals, due to potential physical, cognitive, and social limitations. Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have delayed fundamental motor skills (FMS) and less physical activity compared to neurotypical...

In the current chapter, we introduce and describe several motivational theories followed by a review of the research done with them in adapted physical education (APE). Because few APE researchers have used the motivational theories we discuss, our review of the literature is brief. Given the lack of research using these theories we spend more time...

Our chapter is divided into four main sections. The first section discusses psychological skills that can help Paralympians attain optimal athletic performance. The psychological skills presented and discussed within this section includes both traditional (e.g., imagery) and emerging/alternative (e.g., mindfulness) psychological skills. The second...

In the current chapter we review and criticize social cognitive theory (SCT) and suggest future research using SCT in adapted physical education (APE). More specifically we discuss SCT as a meta-theory and how it minimizes the role of the environment, biology, and affect in physical activity (PA). Within SCT we specifically examine self-efficacy th...

The purpose of this study was to identify sport-specific predictors of youth female athletes’ sport commitment and sport enjoyment. Based on the expectancy-value model, athletic identity, and gender stereotypes were hypothesized to predict sport commitment and sport enjoyment in ice hockey, which has a masculine gender association. Participants con...

In this paper I examine the factors that make up a high quality youth sport experience for special population children. It is important to note that special population youth are often very similar to non-disabled children (e.g., seeking enjoyment in sport). However, special population children experience different contexts and socialization experie...

Background The present study adds to the knowledge base in positive psychology and disability sport psychology by replicating and extending the research of Martin, Byrd, Watts, and Dent (2015). Objectives In the current study we replicated previous findings by predicting life quality and sport engagement using measures of grit, hardiness, and re...

http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/Advances-in-Sport-and-Exercise-Psychology-4th-Edition

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students' physical well-being and self-perception and their academic achievement. Specifically, we look at students' social support for physical activity, physical activity perceptions, self-concept, self-efficacy, health behaviors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (as measured...

The purpose of the current study was to predict Paralympian swimmers’ happiness as a result of winning 2016 Paralympic medals. Understanding potential antecedents of athlete’s happiness has theoretical and practical value. Medal winners (N = 138) had their facial expressions rated for happiness at the race finish. Three predictors were examined: Fi...

Background/aim: Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capability and self-efficacy for healthy eating are often a precursor to behavior change. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent school-based program on children's healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficac...

Background: In 2014, 6 collegiate swimmers were hospitalized for symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis. Objective: To serially monitor and assess relationships between skeletal muscle membrane disruption, upper body soreness (UBS) and lower body soreness (LBS), and stress during the first 6 weeks (timepoints) of preseason training in collegiate...

Elite Malaysian athletes (N = 179) from integrated and segregated sports rated the perceived importance of eight psychological strategies for improving performance using two different response format methods, a Likert rating scale and forced-choice. A forced-choice procedure produced better discrimination among the skills than a Likert rating scale...

Background. In the current paper we examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire for children with Visual Impairments (PABQ-VI). We examined evidence for the ability of the PABQ-VI to produce scores considered to be valid and exhibit internal reliability. Methods. Forty one children living in the USA who were...

Obesity among children is highly prevalent and can lead to risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood. Key organizations have called on schools to play a larger role by increasing children's physical activity and nutrition by adopting an overall culture of health. This study examined the impact of a socioecological theory driven school-wide nutr...

Purpose: Given the recent push to increase children’s physical activity levels through whole-of-school approaches, the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement has received much attention. Therefore, this study sought to understand the relationship between academic achievement and healthy school transformations in urban eleme...

This poster is a presentation of the methodology and behavioral framework of our now in progress study. The study assesses effectiveness of improving quality of life through a gross motor function intervention for children with developmental disabilities.

Here are the links to the podcast. The title of the episode is called “Sport psychology and parasport.” Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/amiaudio/the-pulse-on-amiaudio/e/53074601 Itunes podcast: https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-pulse-on-ami-audio/id1289703145?mt=2 Google podcast: https://play.google.com/music/listen#/ps/Iqnig...

In the current study, we examined the relationships among athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ efficacy and athletes’ perceptions of their team’s efficacy in a sample of 271 collegiate soccer players (M = 19.84 years; SD = 1.42). Athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ efficacy were assessed using a modified version of the Coaching Efficacy Scal...

This book seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the research done in sport and exercise psychology with individuals with disabilities. Research from diverse academic disciplines such as psychology, medicine, health, recreation, kinesiology, sociology and disability studies is reviewed. In the first part of the book, covering 5 chapters, phil...

The purpose of the current study was to predict mindfulness and perceived competence using self-determination theory (SDT). Within SDT, we specifically examined basic needs theory via global basic needs (i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness) and two domain specific basic needs (i.e., exercise & health care) settings. One hundred and thirty-o...

Individuals with disabilities, like all people, have varied and dynamic feelings and thoughts about their lives which contribute to their quality of life. However, people with impairments face unique challenges (e.g., chronic pain) to enjoying a good quality of life. Physical activity can help people reduce pain, ameliorate stress, and enhance thei...

Garn, A. C., Martin, J. J., Byrd, B., & McCaughtry, N. (in press). Underserved urban minority children: Overcoming the challenges and enhancing the benefits of engaging in physical activity. In A.J.S. Morin, C. Maïano, D. Tracey, & R.G. Craven (Eds.). International Advances in Education: Global Initiatives for Equity and Social Justice. Charlotte,...

In the current chapter we review contemporary affect research on the psychology of wheelchair sport and exercise engagement. More specifically we target three broad areas of research based on a heuristic model of affect. Our framework specifies that the positive emotional benefits of sport for wheelchair athletes and exercisers can be viewed in thr...

The purpose of this study was to predict low, moderate, hard and very hard physical activity (PA) and walking/biking/jogging based PA. One-hundred and fifty-nine severe to morbid obese African-American adolescents participated. We predicted 8% of the variance in hard PA largely due to family support and 10% of the variance in very hard PA due to ot...

The purpose was to examine academic achievement, school attachment, and peer acceptance before and after a comprehensive school-based physical activity program (CSPAP) with 378 children in 12 fourth-grade classrooms across six schools in primarily low-socioeconomic status (SES) districts of a large Midwestern metropolitan area. Both personal and no...

The purpose of this cross sectional study was to predict feelings of belonging and social responsibility based on the motivational climate perceptions and contingent self-worth of children participating in urban after-school physical activity programs. Three-hundred and four elementary school students from a major Midwestern city participated. Base...

This study investigated a reciprocal effects model (REM) of children's body fat self-concept, physical self-concept, and objectively measured school physical activity at different intensities. Grade four students (N= 376; M age= 9.07, SD= .61; 55% boys) from the Midwest region of the United States completed measures of physical self-concept, body f...

This editorial represents the author's concluding thoughts about Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology (SEPP).

The purpose of this cross sectional study was to predict feelings of belonging and social responsibility based on climate perceptions of youth participating in a middle school running program. Method: Seventy-four youth from a middle school track and cross country program in the Midwest participated. Results: Based on multiple regression analyses w...

Background: Beginning in the elementary school years, there are differences among children on how they perceive their competence in physical activity (PA). Children's competence perceptions may influence their affective reactions to PA. A crucial question is how to motivate children who hold low competence perceptions to enhance their enjoyment an...

Grounded in expectancy value theory (EVT), a moderated mediation model predicting children’s physical activity (PA) enjoyment was tested. Ability beliefs and subjective task value were initially investigated as mediating the relationship between social support from friends and PA enjoyment. It was hypothesized that children play an active role in t...

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how to implement (a) an a priori plan for sample size for a desired level of power (i.e., sample size determination) and (b) a post hoc plan to estimate power for a fixed sample size after the data have been collected (i.e., power estimation) for applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in spo...

The objective of this study was to assess how sport and exercise psychology textbook authors portray disability to readers. Specifically, through a content analysis of sport and exercise psychology textbooks (N = 18) targeted to undergraduate and graduate students, we looked to understand the amount and type of photographic representation of, and w...

The purpose of the current study was to predict both general and sport-specific quality of life using measures of grit, hardiness, and resilience. Seventy-five adults (74 men, 1 woman) who are wheelchair basketball athletes participated in the current study. Twenty-six percent of the variance in life satisfaction was accounted for. Both hardiness a...

Objective The population of young people most vulnerable to low levels of physical activity (e.g. urban/minority/low socio-economic status/female/non-athletes) often has the least access to physical activity opportunities and resources. It has been suggested that a comprehensive, school-based approach, including prudent use of time before, during a...

Background: Results of prior research on social support (SS) for physical activity (PA) have been inconsistent. Purpose: The study aim was to expand the SS and PA literature by focusing on children, examining associated variables such as weight, race/ethnicity, and sex, and use objectively measured PA and inclusive targets of SS. Methods: Participa...