Jeffrey D Bradshaw

• University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial, polyploid warm-season grass with excellent potential as a biomass crop. To date, little is known about the potential insect pests of switchgrass populations being developed for bioenergy production; however, it is anticipated that bioenergy crops will experience insect-related losses in yields as pr...

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a pest of wheat in the Northern Great Plains. In the mid-1990s the stem sawfly was found in wheat only in Scotts Bluff County. The sawfly can now be found throughout the Nebraska Panhandle, southeastern Wyoming, and eastern Colorado. The estimated annual loss in the Northern G...

Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial plant native to North America that is being developed as a potential bioenergy feedstock. A number of aphids, including greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), have been identified as potential pests of switchgrass. Feeding by these insects on plants...

Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., has been targeted as a bioenergy feedstock. However, little is currently known of the mechanisms of insect resistance in this species. Here, two no-choice studies were performed to determine the categories (antibiosis and tolerance) and relative levels of resistance of three switchgrass populations (Kanlow-lowland...

The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), reduces sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), yields by spreading pathogens, damaging vascular tissues, and promoting lodging of sunflower plants. To assess weevil populations for host plant resistance and insecticide field trials, larvae are di...

Potato zebra chip (ZC), caused by the bacterial pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', which is vectored by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), has caused widespread damage to US potato production ever since its first discovery in south Texas in 2000. To determine the influence of environmental factors and management practices on...

Several arthropod taxa play an important role in agroecosystems because of their ability to regulate insect pest numbers and weed population densities. In order to benefit from the ecological services provided by these arthropods, it is important to determine their response to different farming practices (e.g. cultivation practices). The objective...

Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial grass native to the North American prairie and has recently been identified as a practical biomass feedstock for energy production. However, the viability of switchgrass as a feedstock will be dependent, at least in part, on effective pest management strategies. To date, little is known about the pot...

Potato psyllids (Bactericera cockerelli) have been monitored in a number of central U.S. states for several years now. Monitoring potato psyllid activity over this time has provided a broad and unique perspective of their local and regional population dynamics. Gathering this information is needed for the eventual development of predictive analytic...

Potatoes are cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions across the central US. Planting normally begins in December in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and ends in May in the northern regions. To understand the impact of the diverse environments, zebra chip (ZC) occurrence data were collected during the last three years (2010-2012) from a...

Extension could be seen as facing a crossroads in communication. Our now digitally-connected world is quickly evolving tools and technologies that guide our communications and decisions across a vast relational network. Why should our data not do the same? Reported here is a project that aims to both stream-line data collection and share the inform...

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and its associated pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Ca. L. solanacearum), the putative causal agent of zebra chip (ZC) disease in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), were sampled in commercial potato fields and untreated control plots for 3 yr in multiple locatio...

Injury from stem-boring caterpillars has been observed on the perennial grass Miscanthus x giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodkinson and Renvoize in both its native and introduced ranges. Because some species causing stem injury in the United States have not been identified, potential biomass reductions to M. X giganteus were measured using southwest...

Insect damage to prairie cordgrass, Spartina pectinata Link., is conspicuously high in Illinois, where attempts to collect native seed show the majority of spikelets damaged with small holes. Dissection of spikes during summer reveals minute caterpillars boring though glumes and feeding on florets inside. In 2009–2010, panicles of prairie cordgrass...

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) and its associated pathogen, "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso) the putative causal agent of zebra chip (ZC) disease in potatoes were sampled in commercial potato fields and untreated control plots for three years in multiple locations in Texas, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado. Populations o...

To help assess the potential for damage by armyworms [Mythimna (Pseudaletia) unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and surrounding crops, survival and development were evaluated for larvae reared on leaves of switchgrass, corn (Zea mays L.), and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodk...

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) RNAs are grouped into subgroups (sgI and sgII). A BPMV partial diploid reassortant (IA-Di1) from the perennial Desmodium illinoense contained both RNA1 subgroups and an RNA1 recombinant. The RNA2 of IA-Di1 was characteristic of sgII. Additionally, ten BPMV isolates from a soybean field adjacent to the locality of IA-Di1...

Lepidopteran stem borers were collected from switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., tillers showing symptoms of infestation at seven locations in Illinois and Iowa, with additional observations made on larval and adult activity. Blastobasis repartella (Dietz) (Coleophoridae), whose only known host is switchgrass, was common in plots grown for >5 yr, whe...

PT: J; NR: 40; TC: 0; J9: ZOOTAXA; PG: 11; GA: 755LI; UT: ISI:000289932300002

A review of Acanthocephala of America north of Mexico is presented with an updated key to species. A. confraterna is considered a junior synonym of A. terminalis, thus reducing the number of known species in this region from five to four. New state and country records are presented.

In 2010 we conducted field and growth chamber studies in an effort to understand the basic epidemiology of the potato zebra chip (ZC) and associated factors. The field studies included regional assessments of its incidence and its spatial and temporal progresses coupled with the abundance of the vector of the associated pathogen ("Candidatus Liberi...

Blastobasis repartella (Dietz) is a borer in the proaxis and basal nodes and internodes of above ground stems of Panicum virgatum L. (Poaceae). The adult and immature stages are described herein, including diagnoses of the adult and larva, as this insect may be easily confused with a closely related grass-feeding congener, Blastobasis graminea Adam...

A potential pest of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., was first detected in South Dakota in 2004, where death of partially emerged leaves was noted in a small proportion of tillers. Similar “dead heart” symptoms were observed in switchgrass in Illinois during 2008 and adults of a stem-boring caterpillar were collected and identified as Blastobasis...

Sipha flava (Forbes) (yellow sugarcane aphid) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (corn leaf aphid) (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Aphididae) are common aphids occurring throughout North America on many host plants, most of which are grasses (Blackman & Eastop 2006). Both aphids are pests of several important food crops, e.g., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sor...

Plant viral vectors are valuable tools for heterologous gene expression, and because of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), they also have important applications as reverse genetics tools for gene function studies. Viral vectors are especially useful for plants such as soybean (Glycine max) that are recalcitrant to transformation. Previously, two...

Observations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae infesting plots of Miscanthus x giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodkinson and Renvoize prompted laboratory-based tests of survival, development, and feeding preferences on leaf tissue from M. x giganteus and switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. Survival fro...

The effects of shape, size, and capture resolution on digital area measurement were investigated to accurately and precisely estimate leaf surface area. A digital scanner was used to measure two simple shapes (circle and square) at three resolutions (118.159, 236.270 and 472.441 pixels/cm) and five sizes (3.14, 12.58, 28.29, 50.29, and 78.60 cm2)....

The life history of the emesine reduviid Pseudometapterus umbrosus (Blatchley) was studied in southern Illinois from February 1999 to November 2000, and the immature stages were described. The bug also was reared from egg to adult under controlled laboratory conditions. This univoltine species occurred on the rock faces of sandstone bluffs often in...

Cerotoma trifurcata Förster (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Bean pod mottle virus (Comoviridae) (BPMV) both can reduce yield and seed quality of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of systemic, seed-applied, and foliar-applied insecticides for the management of this pest complex at three location...

In Iowa, the management of insect pests in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been complicated by the arrival of the invasive species soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and occasional outbreaks of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Förster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), populations leading to economic losses. Sever...

To better understand the naturally occurring host range of Bean pod mottle virus (family Comoviridae, genus Comovirus, BPMV) and its principal vector Cerotoma trifurcata (Förster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), 18 field-collected perennial plant species were tested for the presence of BPMV. By using no-choice assays, we determined the preference of t...

"Department of Zoology." Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2001. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-34).