Jeffrey Jensen Arnett

Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Clark University · Department of Psychology

Ph.D.

About

205
Publications
603,754
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Introduction
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett is a Senior Research Scholar at the Department of Psychology, Clark University. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Copenhagen, the University of Bordeaux, and the University of Baroda. He is the Founding President and Executive Director of the Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA), which focuses on theory and research pertaining to ages 18-29.

Publications

Publications (205)
Article
Full-text available
Research on emerging adulthood and markers of adulthood continues to grow worldwide. However, extensive research is yet to be conducted among African populations. The purpose of this study was to understand the markers of adulthood that young people aged 18-29 years in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region of Kenya consider to be important, to assess whe...
Preprint
Full-text available
The attainment of adult status in Greece is a neglected research issue. Sociodemographic changes and the severity and long duration of the Global Recession in this country (2008-2018) are expected to contribute to the delayed entry to adulthood, especially among university students. In this study, conducted in 2015, 814 university students (ages 18...
Article
Full-text available
Emerging adulthood is generally believed to be experienced by young people in Western industrialized nations and limited research has been conducted in Eastern low-income countries. The purpose of the current study was to examine emerging adulthood and its five dimensions in the cultural context of Pakistan, including (a) to explore whether Pakista...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Article
During emerging adulthood, family relationships remain salient. This study examined, from a gender perspective, continuity/discontinuity and stability/instability in family relationships, in a two-time repeated-measures study with Spanish emerging adult college students. It also analyzed the implications of the quality of parent–child relationships...
Book
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not goi...
Article
Full-text available
With the influence of globalization, Chinese young adults’ transition to adulthood today are cultivated by both traditional Chinese values (e.g., collectivism, Confucian philosophy), as well as Western values (e.g., individualism, independence). The present study aimed to characterize emerging adults’ perception of adulthood in China today in terms...
Article
Full-text available
Background Emerging adulthood refers to a new phase in life that is related to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. The concept spread around the world and has been examined in various cultural contexts. This article aims to introduce a Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL) developed to...
Article
Full-text available
In this introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Adult Development on Established Adulthood, we begin by providing a brief overview of the conceptualization of Established Adulthood. We then provide an overview of each paper included in the special issue, highlighting how this work contributes to the growing field of established adulthoo...
Article
Full-text available
Emerging adulthood (EA) is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle, but is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes. In this study, we conducted a path analysis (N = 1326) to examine associations among four dimensions of EA, levels of regular physical activity (PA), self-control, MPA tende...
Article
Full-text available
Background/Objective Emerging adulthood (EA, age range between 18 to 29 years) is an important developmental stage that is characterized by marked social and psychological changes. Currently, its developmental features are quantified by the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) but a validated Chinese version of this questionnair...
Article
Imaginary worlds are not a consequence of humans' exploratory tendencies as argued in the target article but a recent spinoff of a strong human tendency to create imaginary realities , that is, versions of how the world works that are fabricated (although we believe they are real) in order to allow us to believe we understand it and can control it.
Preprint
With the influence of globalization, Chinese young adults transitioning to adulthood today are cultivated by both traditional Chinese values (e.g., collectivism, Confucian philosophy), as well as Western values (e.g., individualism, independence). The present study aimed to characterize emerging adults’ perception of adulthood in China today in ter...
Preprint
Full-text available
With the influence of globalization, Chinese young adults transitioning to adulthood today are cultivated by both traditional Chinese values (e.g., collectivism, Confucian philosophy), as well as Western values (e.g., individualism, independence). The present study aimed to characterize emerging adults’ perception of adulthood in China today in ter...
Article
Full-text available
Developmental crisis is a construct that is central to many theories of psychosocial adult development, yet there is currently no validated psychometric measure of adult developmental crisis that can be used across adult age groups. To address this gap in the literature, we developed and validated an age-independent measure of adult developmental c...
Article
Full-text available
This paper proposes a new theory of joy as defined by the elation of right relation, i.e., an intense and temporary feeling of heightened positive emotion as a consequence of a just right fit between our identity and the moment we are experiencing. Diverse domains of joy are explored: emotional, social, cognitive, physical, communal, and ideologica...
Research Proposal
Full-text available
A Special Issue of the Journal of Media Psychology: https://www.hogrefe.com/us/journal/journal-of-media-psychology
Article
Full-text available
Webster and team's (2021) extension of our analysis to look at more journals over a longer time period suggests a slightly quicker trend away from Americanness in psychological journals than we found. However, they make a purely binary distinction between American and not American and do not address whether the change they document includes the mos...
Article
Parent involvement is an integral, but potentially problematic, aspect of the transition to intercollegiate athletics. In building on past research that targeted administrator and coach perceptions of parent involvement, the present research was designed to address parents' perceptions of their own involvement across NCAA divisions. Thirty-two pare...
Article
Full-text available
The field of psychology prides itself on being a data-driven science. In 2008, however, Arnett brought to light a major weakness in the evidence on which models, measures, and theories in psychology rest. He demonstrated that the most prominent journals in six subdisciplines of psychology focused almost exclusively (over 70% of samples and authors)...
Article
The full paper and questionnaire available via SSRN pre-print service: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3886295
Article
Full-text available
Although developmental science has always been evolving, these times of fast-paced and profound social and scientific changes easily lead to disori- enting fragmentation rather than coherent scien- tific advances. What directions should developmen- tal science pursue to meaningfully address real- world problems that impact human development through...
Article
Full-text available
In developed countries, the years from Age 30 to 45 are, for many, the most intense, demanding, and rewarding years of adult life. During this period of the life span most adults must negotiate the intersecting demands of progressing in a chosen career, maintaining an intimate partnership, and caring for children. Successes or difficulties in meeti...
Article
Full-text available
This is the introduction for the special issue of American Psychologist titled "Rethinking Adult Development: New Ideas for New Times." It highlights the main themes of the special issue and discusses the implications of current trends for future directions. Entry to adult family and work roles now comes later than ever before. More adults than in...
Article
Full-text available
The field of psychology prides itself on being a data-driven science. In 2008, however, Arnett brought to light a major weakness in the evidence on which models, measures, and theories in psychology rest. He demonstrated that the most prominent journals in six subdisciplines of psychology focused almost exclusively (over 70% of samples and authors)...
Article
Full-text available
Although parental psychological control has been consistently linked with negative outcomes in the child and adolescent literatures, little is known about how it functions during the developmental time frame of emerging adulthood, which is characterized by increased freedom and instability. Consequently, this study examined the extent to which pate...
Book
Full-text available
This chronologically-organized text offers a contemporary approach to child development in four ways: 1) An emphasis on teaching students to think culturally about development; 2) A broadened and updated scope of child development, ranging from conception through emerging adulthood; 3) An unprecedented inclusion of diverse contexts of child develop...
Article
Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of emerging adulthood and intergenerational ambivalence, parental concerns about their child’s attainment of adulthood was investigated as the focal predictor of the likelihood of monetary conflict between American parents and emerging adults. A national sample of 791 parents (51% female; 73% White) of emergin...
Article
Full-text available
Emerging adulthood is marked by important decisions about life choices. These life choices have their roots in sociocultural and historical contexts. The present study used a mixed methodology, concept mapping, to understand the tasks that are deemed as important by emerging adults in India. Study 1 comprised five focus group discussions with indiv...
Book
Full-text available
Since 1960, the lives of young people in their late teens and twenties have changed so dramatically that a new stage of life has developed. In his provocative work, Jeffrey Jensen Arnett has identified the period of emerging adulthood as distinct from both the adolescence that precedes it and the young adulthood that comes in its wake. Arnett's new...
Book
Full-text available
This chronologically-organized lifespan text presents a portrayal of development that covers the whole amazing range of cultural diversity, within and across countries. Thoroughly up-to-date information prepares students for a diverse and global world, whether they travel the globe or remain in their hometown. The text is available in print and dig...
Article
Full-text available
A large national sample of adults ages 18–60 was surveyed on features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood, including identity explorations, self-focus, feeling in-between, instability, and possibilities/optimism. Additional items were included on feeling that this time of life is a time of freedom and a time that is fun and exciting and on...
Article
Full-text available
Despite emerging evidence of a link between parental involvement and student-athletes’ (SA) experiences, and the desire for educational programming for parents of these SAs, previous research has been limited to the Division I level. This has prevented the ability to inform, develop, and deliver parent programming across the NCAA’s diverse membersh...
Article
Full-text available
Previous studies provided mixed findings of well-being in midlife, so the present study sought to add new dimensions to this area of research by investigating diverse aspects of midlife well-being, including sources of enjoyment and stress. In a national sample of 834 Americans ages 40–60, overall well-being was high, and most participants agreed t...
Book
Full-text available
Heavy metal is a violent, head-banging music complete, in its live performances, with its own arena of rage and celebration, the slamdancing pit. It is a music in the red corner of society, loud, angry, and, to most adult ears, practically intolerable. And yet, the art form radiates a message about American adolescents well worth examining and comp...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of the present study was to validate the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) questionnaire in Spain. The IDEA questionnaire is the only validated measure for assessing the characteristics of the emerging adulthood period. A Spanish translation of the IDEA was administered to a sample of 1,435 Spanish undergraduate stude...
Book
This text provides a broad cultural perspective on both adolescence (ages 10-17) and emerging adulthood (ages 18-25). It contains 13 chapters, encompassing topics from biological changes of puberty to media uses to risk and resilience. Suitable for college courses.
Article
Full-text available
SCIENTIFIC Contrary to the negative narrative in psychology and in the American public, many trends in the risk behaviors of American adolescents have been positive in recent decades. Evidence is presented for positive trends in four areas: substance use, unprotected sex, crime, and hazardous automobile driving. A comparison of American adolescents...
Article
Full-text available
This study examined how migration decisions are made in the context of development during emerging adulthood. Thirty-two Chinese migrant women workers aged 18–29 years were individually interviewed on their decision-making process when they migrated for the first time. Their main reasons for “going out” were family poverty, dislike of the hard work...
Book
Full-text available
This topically-organized text offers a new approach to child development in four ways: 1) An emphasis on teaching students to think culturally about development; 2) A broadened and updated scope of child development, ranging from conception through emerging adulthood; 3) An unprecedented inclusion of diverse contexts of child development; and 4) A...
Article
Full-text available
Since 1988, persecuted people primarily from the Chin state in Burma have fled into India due to large-scale human rights violations. A qualitative study was conducted to understand the narratives of 5 Burmese Chin refugee women retrospectively. Using their drawings as a stimulus, an unstructured interview was employed to help participants recall t...
Article
Full-text available
Here I reply to the commentaries by Furstenberg, Silva, and du Bois-Reymond on my essay concerning emerging adulthood (EA) and social class. I support Furstenberg’s suggestion to use national data from other projects to examine questions concerning the relation between EA and social class as well as the distinctiveness of ages 18–25 compared to oth...
Article
Full-text available
This paper draws attention to the pervasiveness of life stage concepts in human cultures and advocates the creation of a new field of study on indigenous life stage concepts. First, historical and cultural examples are presented to illustrate the widespread use of life stage concepts across times and places. Then, sociological research on the insti...
Article
Full-text available
The theory of emerging adulthood has been criticized as not applying across social classes. This article presents data from a national survey of 18- to 25-year-olds in order to test this critique. There were consistencies across social classes in the five features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood: positive and negative perceptions of th...
Article
Full-text available
In a qualitative interview study, 18 Danish emerging adults (ages 18-27) were asked about their religious beliefs and moral views. Most had received little or no formal religious training within their families, but they nevertheless participated in the “confirmation” process in the Danish state Lutheran church at age 14. Regarding their current bel...
Article
Full-text available
In this commentary to the special issue of Emerging Adulthood edited by Reifman and Grahe, I seek to provide a broader developmental context for the studies. I begin by describing the rise in college participation over the past century, noting that even now only about 20% attend 4-year residential colleges and universities. Then, I describe some of...
Article
A critical analysis is presented of Erikson’s theory of identity development and the field of identity development research. Erikson’s proposal of identity development as a human universal is critiqued by examining the applicability of this idea in human phylogenetic history and across world regions today, with a focus on adolescence and emerging a...
Article
Full-text available
The Oxford Handbook of Human Development and Culture: An Interdisciplinary Perspective provides an in-depth and comprehensive synopsis of theory and research on human development, with every chapter drawing together findings from cultures around the world. This includes a focus on cultural change, migration, and globalization. The handbook covers t...
Article
This chapter explores the cultural themes and variations of emerging adulthood worldwide. Similarities and differences among developed countries are described, including the European form of identity development emphasizing freedom and leisure and the Asian form, tempered by values of family obligation. Social class differences and the importance o...
Article
Full-text available
Since 1960 demographic trends towards longer time in education and late age to enter into marriage and of parenthood have led to the rise of a new life stage at ages 18–29 years, now widely known as emerging adulthood in developmental psychology. In this review we present some of the demographics of emerging adulthood in high-income countries with...
Article
Full-text available
Four hundred Danish emerging adults ages 17-29 were surveyed regarding their conceptions of adulthood and their self-assessments of their adult status. A majority of the 17-24-year-olds and nearly half the 25-29-year-olds viewed themselves as being adults in some ways but not others. Participants reported feeling most adult when with co-workers or...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Chapter
This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are no...
Article
Full-text available
This article presents a brief history of the field of emerging adulthood, from the author’s early studies in the 1990s through the recent establishment of the Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA). Also included is an overview of the results of a recent national study, the Clark University Poll of Emerging Adults, which included items...
Article
Full-text available
The experiences of emerging adulthood may vary in different historical and cultural contexts. Little research has been dedicated to how non college students view adulthood in developing countries. Currently, millions of young people are migrating from rural villages to industrial cities in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate concept...
Article
Full-text available
Following adolescence and prior to young adulthood is life developmental period that has been referred to as "emerging adulthood." This period of life involves an extended period of learning and experimentation before settling into a career and stable relationship. Risky behaviors may be most tolerated or even promoted during emerging adulthood. Va...
Chapter
AM:STARs: Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is the official publication of the AAP Section on Adolescent Health. Published 3 times per year, the journal offers adolescent medicine specialists and other primary care physicians who treat adolescent patients with state of the art information on all matters relating to adolescent health and...
Article
Young patients in their late teens are at risk for aging out of pediatric care. Becoming and remaining disconnected from the health care system contributes to high unmet need for services in the late teens and twenties. Lack of connection to a health care professional translates into increased health risk, risk that is particularly concentrated amo...
Article
Full-text available
This article addresses the question of whether today's emerging adults are excessively "narcissistic" as claimed by Jean Twenge and others. The answer is a decisive "no." There is no persuasive evidence that scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) have risen among college students in recent decades. In any case, the NPI is a dubious...
Article
Full-text available
We respond here to Twenge's article "The Evidence for Generation Me and Against Generation We." With regard to the question of whether "narcissism" is increasing among emerging adults, flaws are identified in the studies she used to make her case, and counterevidence is presented. We show that for the most part emerging adults' values have not chan...
Chapter
In this chapter I present some ideas about the future of the field of emerging adulthood. First, I explain my reasons for coining “emerging adulthood,” focusing on the vast changes that have taken place in the nature of the 18–24 age period over the past century. Next, I propose some new areas of inquiry for the years to come. These include explori...
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter starts by presenting quantitative and qualitative findings to illustrate how adolescents and emerging adults increasingly have exposure to different cultures and a global world. One consequence of adolescents’ and emerging adults’ exposure to diverse cultures is that cultural identity development becomes a more complex process that may...
Chapter
This chapter summarizes the theoretical and empirical evidence in support of the view that emerging adulthood is a unique stage of development. First, this stage of development is distinct demographically in terms of delayed school-to-work transitions, and delayed entries into marriage and parenthood. Second, the concept of recentering determines t...
Chapter
The first chapter provides some background and some information on the two contending approaches debated in the book. Demographic and economic changes influencing the lives of young people in recent decades are noted. The limitations of 20th-century stage theories are described (e.g., Erikson, Havighurst). Then the two theoretical approaches of thi...

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