Jeanick Brisswalter

Université Côte d'Azur · LAMHESS , Exercise and Sport Physiology

Background: "Sleep-low" consists of a sequential periodization of carbohydrate (CHO) availability-low glycogen recovery after "train high" glycogen-depleting interval training, followed by an overnight-fast and light intensity training ("train low") the following day. This strategy leads to an upregulation of several exercise-responsive signaling...

The present study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of acute carbohydrate (7% CHO) intake on muscular and cognitive performances. Seventeen high levels athletes in explosive sports (fencing and squash) participated in a randomized, double-blind study consisting in series of 6 sprints (5s) with a passive recovery (25s) followed by 15 min submaxi...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare energy cost of running and lower limb spring-mass characteristics and maximal power, between young and older highly trained runners. Methods: Twenty highly trained male endurance runners were divided into two groups: young and master athletes. Two testing sessions were used to measure and compare (i)...

Purpose: We investigated the effect of a chronic dietary periodization strategy on endurance performance in trained athletes. Methods: 21 triathletes (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max: 58.7 ± 5.7 mL·min·kg) were divided into 2 groups: a "sleep-low" (SL, n = 11) and a control group (CON, n = 10) consumed the same daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake (6 g·k...

This study investigated whether the improved performance observed with maximal self-paced single-leg (SL), compared with double-leg (DL) cycling, is associated with enhanced femoral blood flow and/or altered tissue oxygenation. The hyperaemic response to exercise was assessed in younger and older athletes. Power output was measured in 12 older (65...

Manipulating the amount of muscle mass engaged during exercise can noninvasively inform the contribution of central cardiovascular and peripheral vascular-oxidative functions to endurance performance. To better understand the factors contributing to exercise limitation in older and younger individuals, exercise performance was assessed during singl...

We tested the hypothesis that breathing heliox, to attenuate the mechanical constraints accompanying the decline in pulmonary function with aging, improves exercise performance. Fourteen endurance-trained older men (67.9 ± 5.9 year, \(\dot{V}\)O2max: 50.8 ± 5.8 ml/kg/min; 151% predicted) completed two cycling 5-km time trials while breathing room a...

To assess the influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) intakes on cognitive and physical performances, we carried out an ecological protocol simulating the load variations of a biking race. Eight well-trained athletes completed an outdoor mountain biking time-trial race (TT) (19.6 ± 0.40 km length; 81 min ± 15 min) interspersed with three 10 m...

News During the last decade, it has been suggested that the benefits of oral carbohydrates during short and high intensity exercise <1h,≥75%V˙O2max are likely related to a central action probably mediated by receptors in the mouth and in the gastrointestinal tract. Interestingly, when individuals rinsed their mouths with a carbohydrate solution, af...

Objectives: To identify relevant physiological, mechanical, and strength indices to improve the evaluation of elite mountain bike riders competing in the current Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) format. Methods: Considering the evolution of the XCO race format over the last decade, the present testing protocol adopted a battery of complementary labor...

Purpose:: This study aimed at investigating the effect of carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF) and a guarana complex (GUAc) ingestion during a running exercise on cognitive performance, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and shooting performance in high level Modern Pentathlon athletes. Methods:: Ten athletes completed four counterbalanced sessio...

Abstract 2 3 Objectives: To evaluate the physiological and biomechanical constraints imposed by the new 4 mountain biking Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) discipline with a view to proposing specific 5 strategies to optimize performance or recovery. 6 Methods: 16 Cross-Country cyclists competing at national or international level participated in 7 this...

Aerobic exercise enhances the ability to sustain attention (peaking at moderate intensities) by stimulating noradrenergic activity, which affects the fronto-parietal attention network. Prior exercise studies examining attention have focused on the influence of exercise intensity, yet few studies have examined the influence of the type of exercise p...

Despite emotional, technical and endurance implications for athletes’ performance, a consensus has yet to be reached to explain the impairment of executive functioning during exercise. In particular, recent research challenges the original assumption of a linear dose–response effect of exercise intensity on cerebral physiology and executive functio...

Purpose: To examine the extent to which the classical physiological variables of endurance running performance [VO2max, %VO2max at ventilatory threshold (VT), and running economy (RE)], but also muscle strength factors contribute to short trail running (TR) performance. Methods: A homogeneous group of nine highly-trained trail runners performed...

Background and purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on functional recovery and cerebral plasticity during the first 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia. Methods: Rats were randomized as follows: control (n=15), SHAM (n=9), middle cerebral arter...

We investigated the effect ofcaffeine, guarana and carbohydrate ingestion on information processing, cognitive control and temporal performance prior and after an acute 40-min running exercise. We also investigated the effect of ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during exercise.

Purpose: We sought to determine the effect of high- vs. low-intensity training in the heat and ensuing taper period in the heat on endurance performance. Methods: Nineteen well-trained triathletes undertook 5 days of normal training and a 1-week taper, including either low- (HA-L, n=10) or high-intensity (HA-H, n=9) training sessions in the heat...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of serial mouth rinsing (MR) with nutritional supplements on cognitive performance (i.e., cognitive control and time perception) during a 40-min submaximal exercise. Twenty-four participants completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions, during which they performed MR with either placebo (P...

L’objectif de cette était d’étudier les effets d’une exposition aiguë et répétée à la cryothérapie corps entier (CCE) sur la récupération neurovégétative et le fonctionnement cognitif

Executive functioning and attention require mental effort. In line with the resource conservation principle, we hypothesized that mental effort would be saved when individuals expected to exercise for a long period. Twenty-two study participants exercised twice on a cycle ergometer for 10 min at 60% of their maximal aerobic power, with the expectat...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three swim pacing profiles on subsequent performance during a sprint distance triathlon (SDT). Methods: Nine competitive/trained male triathletes completed five experimental sessions, including a graded running exhaustion test, a 750 m swim time-trial (STT), and three SDTs. The...

PurposeWe investigated the effects of a 3-week dietary periodization on immunity and sleep in triathletes. Methods21 triathletes were divided into two groups with different nutritional guidelines during a 3-week endurance training program including nine twice a day sessions with lowered (SL group) or maintained (CON group) glycogen availability dur...

Purpose: The best sprint performances are usually reached between the ages of 20 and 30; however even in well-trained individuals, performance continues to decrease with age. While this inevitable decrease in performance has been related to reductions in muscular force, velocity and power capabilities, these measures have not been assessed in the...

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of footwear and neuromuscular fatigue induced by short distance trail running (TR) on running economy (RE) and biomechanics in well-trained and traditionally shod runners. Methods: RE, vertical and leg stiffness (Kvert and Kleg) as well as foot strike angle were measured from two 5-min treadmill r...

Aim: RGB-D cameras (Red Green Blue+Depth) are widely employed in exergames designed to physically stimulate elderly people. Nevertheless, the intensity of the physical activity reached with the existing solutions is rarely sufficient to obtain a real impact on the physical fitness and thus on the health status of this population. In this context,...

Background: Physiological mechanisms behind the use of compression garments (CGs) during off-road running are unknown. Purpose: This study investigated the influence of wearing CGs vs. conventional running clothing (CON) on muscle contractile function and running economy before and after a short distance trail running. Methods: Knee extensors...

Introduction Locomotive efficiency is cited as an important component to endurance performance; however, inconsistent observations of age-related changes in efficiency question its influence in the performance of masters athletes. Purpose This study examined locomotive efficiency in young and masters triathletes during both a run and cycle test. Me...

Background: Epidemiological studies highlight the relevance of regular exercise interventions to enhance or maintain neurocognitive function in subjects with cognitive impairments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of aerobic exercise associated with cognitive enrichment on cognitive performance in subjects with mild...

Aims The aim of this review is to provide new insights about the manipulation of carbohydrate (CHO) intake on training adaptations and endurance performance. Actualities It has been recently shown that training with low CHO availability improves adaptations to endurance training. Some studies manipulated exogenous CHO availability while others m...

NutritionSummaryAims. —The aim of this review is to provide new insights about the manipulation of carbohydrate(CHO) intake on training adaptations and endurance performance.Actualities. — It has been recently shown that training with low CHO availability improves adap-tations to endurance training. Some studies manipulated exogenous CHO availabili...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight loss intervention based on physical exercise on the relationship between energy cost and stride frequency during walking in obese teenagers. Participants aged 13–16 years old were assigned to a training (n = 14) and control (n = 10) groups. During eight weeks, the training group perfo...

L’objectif de cette revue est de dresser un état des lieux des études qui se sont intéressées à l’intérêt de la manipulation de l’apport glucidique sur les adaptations à l’entraînement et la performance en endurance.

Training strategies with low carbohydrate (CHO) availability (typically called “train low”) are increasingly used by endurance athletes in an attempt to improve their performance level. However, it is well known that increasing training stress dramatically increases the risk of bad adaptation to training and can increase the prevalence of illness a...

L’objectif de cette étude était de comparer les effets de la prise d’un complément à base de créatine et de guarana (CRE + G) ou d’un placebo (Pl) sur les indices de puissance musculaire et de performance cognitive chez des sportifs très entraînés.

Recent research on whole-body cryotherapy has hypothesized a major responsibility of head cooling in the physiological changes classically reported after a cryostimulation session. The aim of this experiment was to verify this hypothesis by studying the influence of exposing the head to cold during whole-body cryostimulation sessions, on the therma...

Background: The aim of this study was to assess cognitive performance and heart rate variability (HRV) following the ingestion of either a multi-vitamin-mineral preparation supplemented with 300 mg guaraná (Ac); a caffeine supplement (C) or a placebo supplement (Pl). Methods: Fifty six subjects took part in a randomized, double-blind crossover desi...

This study investigated the influence of distance on self-selected pacing during the swim, cycle and run disciplines of sprint, Olympic and half-Ironman (HIM) distance triathlon races. Eight trained male triathletes performed the three individual races in <2 months. Participants' bikes were fitted with Schoberer Rad Meßtechnik to monitor speed, pow...

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether workload intensity modulates exercise-induced effect on reaction time (RT) performances, and more specifically to clarify whether cognitive control that plays a crucial role in rapid decision making is altered. Methods: Fourteen participants performed a Simon Task while cycling 20 min at a light (fir...

This study compared the reliability of the Cosmed FitMate™ and K4b2 metabolic systems during light to heavy steady state exercise. Expired gas, ventilation were recorded in 50 subjects, using in a random order among four sessions, either the FitMate™ or the Cosmed K4b2. No differences in oxygen consumption were observed between the two systems what...

Triathlon is a multisport event consisting of sequential swim, cycle, and run disciplines performed over a variety of distances. This complex and unique sport requires athletes to appropriately distribute their speed or energy expenditure (ie, pacing) within each discipline as well as over the entire event. As with most physical activity, the regul...

Aims This review describes the potential for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the field of exercise physiology. Included are descriptions of different parameters measured by TMS and methodological considerations. By examining the mechanical and electromyographical responses elicited by TMS, this review summarizes the corticospi...

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the influence of age on cycling efficiency and sprint power output in well-trained endurance masters athletes. Methods The investigation was conducted on 60 healthy well-trained triathletes separated into six separate groups (n = 10) depending on age: 20–29 years old; 30–39 years old; 40–49 years old;...

Purpose: To assess the impact of between-training-sessions recovery strategies (passive [PAS], active [ACT], cold-water immersion [CWI], and ingestion of a recovery drink [NUTR]) on maximal cycling performance, perceptions of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue in world-class BMX riders. Methods: Eleven elite BMX athletes, members...

Purpose: To identify the effect of allometric scaling on the relationship between running efficiency (R(Eff)) and middle-distance-running performance according to performance level. Methods: Thirteen male recreational middle-distance runners (mean ± SD age 33.3 ± 8.4 y, body mass 76.4 ± 8.6 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [VO(2max)] 52.8 ± 4.6 mL · kg...

This study examined the effect of biological sex and race distance on the age-related declines in swimming, cycling, running and overall performances of the sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman and Ironman triathlons. Individual discipline and overall performance time of the top 20% non-elite males (n=468) and females (n=146) were compared by categorizing...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biological sex and age on the pacing strategies adopted by non-drafting top triathletes during the cycle and run disciplines of a Sprint, Olympic, half-Ironman and Ironman triathlon. Split times of the top 20% non-elite males (n=468) and females (n=146) were determined using official race tr...

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing compression socks (CS) on performance indicators and physiological responses during prolonged trail running. Eleven trained runners completed a 15.6 km trail run at a competition intensity whilst wearing or not wearing CS. Counter movement jump, maximal voluntary contrac...

The purpose of the study was to highlight the acute motor reflex adaptation and to deepen functional deficits following a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-r). Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO; 120 min) was performed on 16 rats studied at 1 and 7 days, respective...

The purpose of the study was to highlight the acute motor reflex adaptation and to deepen functional deficits following a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-r). Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO; 120 min) was performed on 16 rats studied at 1 and 7 days, respective...

Master athletes are more than 35 years of age and continue to train as hard as their young counterparts despite the aging process. All life long, they are capable of accomplishing exceptional sporting performances. For these participants in endurance events, matching energy intake and expenditure is critical to maintain health and performance. The...