Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier

• PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at Université Laval

Adherence to healthy diet principles and to cardiopreventive medication, both key behaviors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, is known to differ between women and men. Whether these adherence behaviors are differentially related among women and men has never been thoroughly assessed. The objective was to assess gender differences in the a...

A positive association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and diabetes risk has been shown, with inconsistent evidence between artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and diabetes. Moreover, it is uncertain if physical activity can mitigate the negative effects of these beverages on diabetes development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the in...

Background Few studies have investigated the relationship between the food and physical activity environment and odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study quantifies the association between densities of several types of food establishments and fitness centers with the odds of having GDM. Methods The density of supermarkets, fast-food...

Background Evidence regarding the potential health effects of Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of LE8 score with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among individuals with T2D. Methods We prospectively followe...

Whether COVID-19-related experienced stress influenced lifestyle habits remains to be thoroughly evaluated among university students. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19-related experienced stress and subsequent lifestyle habits among undergraduate students. This cross-sectional study included 708 undergraduate students from Unive...

Aging is not a disease; it is a natural evolution of human physiology. Medical advances have extended our life expectancy, but chronic diseases and geriatric syndrome continue to affect the increasingly aging population. Yet modern medicine perpetuates an approach based on treatment rather than prevention and education. In order to help solve this...

Purpose of review This review aims to provide an in-depth perspective on the importance of diet for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). Recent findings Even though data on diet and CVD prevention in HeFH are limited, the currently available evidence supports its cholesterol-lowering effect...

Background In metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction relies on the complementary use of diet and lipid-lowering medication. Evidence suggests that initiating such medication may impede diet quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between diet quality and statin use among adults with MetS...

Background In real-world settings, whether diet and medication are used as complements for glycemic management in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study assessed the relationship between diet quality and intensity of glucose-lowering medication among adults with T2D. Methods This cross-sectional study included 352 adults with T2D from t...

Background Management of high blood pressure (BP), a key feature of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), relies on diet and medication. Whether these modalities are used as complements has never been evaluated in real-world settings. This study assessed the relationship between diet quality and antihypertensive medication intensity among adults with MetS...

Objective: We examined whether intake of methyl donor nutrients, including vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and folate, from foods and/or supplements is associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Research design and methods: We included 203,644 women and men from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991-2017), and Health Professiona...

Background and aim: Little is known about the cardioprotective potential of a healthy lifestyle in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with FH. Methods and results: This cross-sectional study leveraged data from the CARTaGENE...

Background The extent to which physical activity attenuates the detrimental effects of sugar (SSBs)- or artificially-sweetened beverages (ASBs) on the risk of cardiovascular disease is unknown. Methods We used Cox proportional-hazards models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval [HR (CI)] between SSB or ASB intake and physical acti...

In cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, whether antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications are used as complements to heart-healthy diets has not been thoroughly assessed. This scoping review aimed to 1- synthesize observational studies that assessed the relationship between diet and antihypertensive/lipid-lowering medication use, and 2- e...

Background: Multicomponent lifestyle interventions are fundamental in pediatric obesity management. However, whether household food insecurity influences the efficacy of such interventions remains undocumented. Objective: The objective was to compare changes in body mass index z-score (BMIz) among children whose family received lifestyle counsel...

Background: High unprocessed and minimally processed food (UMP) intake has been associated with high-quality diets, while the opposite has been shown for ultra-processed food (UPF). Nevertheless, the association between UMP and UPF consumption and diet-quality over the long-term warrants further examination. Objective: This study aimed to assess...

Objective: We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, and assessed meta-evidence quality. Research design and methods: We included 71,871 women from the Nurses' Health Study, 87,918 women from the Nurses...

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is related to unfavorable cardio-metabolic risk profiles among generally healthy populations. However, evidence on the relationship between UPF intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. Hypothesis: We assessed the hy...

Introduction: There is limited evidence on the association between long-term consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), among the U.S population. The overall strength of this association has also not been established. Hypothesis: Higher intake of UPF is associated with a higher risk of T2D in U.S. adults. The...

Background: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and physical activity are independently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk; however, it is unknown whether there is an interaction of SSB/ASB intake and physical activity on risk of T2D. Methods: We examined the independent and joint assoc...

Scope: Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective was to identify a plasma metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish, and to exam...

Cholesterol-derived bile acids (BAs) affect numerous physiological functions such as glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and absorption, intestinal inflammation and immunity, as well as intestinal microbiota diversity. Diet influences the composition of the BA pool. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of a dietary supplementation with a...

Objective To examine the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of colorectal cancer among men and women from three large prospective cohorts. Design Prospective cohort study with dietary intake assessed every four years using food frequency questionnaires. Setting Three large US cohorts. Participants Men (n= 46 341) f...

Cholesterol-derived bile acids (BAs) affect numerous physiological functions such as glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and absorption, intestinal inflammation and immunity, as well as intestinal microbiota diversity. Diet influences the composition of the BA pool. The present study analyzes the impact of a dietary supplementation with a freeze-...

Objectives Food insecurity and paediatric obesity are two major public health issues in Canada that may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed food insecurity and its correlates among households of children receiving care at a paediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal. We also assessed whether the prevalence of food inse...

Introduction Although insufficient or prolonged sleep duration is associated with cardiovascular disease, sleep duration is not included in most lifestyle scores. This study evaluates the relationship between a lifestyle score, including sleep duration and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods A prospective analysis among 67,250 women in the Nurses...

Introduction Clinical and community guidelines recommend lifestyle (i.e., diet and physical activity) interventions for cardiometabolic conditions (including type 2 diabetes), yet current evidence suggests limited and variable services in primary care and public health settings. New implementation research studies are needed to ensure maximal effec...

Background Whether LDL receptor (LDLR) residual activity influences the LDL-lowering effect of statins in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the LDLR genotype and statin-induced LDL-C reductions in HeFH. Methods A total of 615 individuals with H...

The association between dairy product consumption and cardiovascular health remains highly debated. We quantitatively synthesized prospective cohort evidence on the associations between dairy consumption and risk of hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through Aug...

This manuscript details the strategy employed for categorising food items based on their processing levels into the four NOVA groups. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) from the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS) I and II, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Growing Up Today Studies (GUTS) I and II cohorts were use...

Purpose of Review Our aims are to explore the evidence for egg consumption effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors and the relationship between egg consumption with risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, hypertension, and also to briefly discuss cardiovascular implications of egg consumption in individuals with diabetes and c...

Background Plasma odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFA) are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and may serve as biomarkers for dairy fat intake. Their distribution across different lipid classes and consequences for diabetes risk remain unknown. Aim To investigate the prospective associations of OCFA-containing lipid species wit...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a lifestyle score including sleep duration and CVD risk, and to estimate whether adding sleep duration into a traditional lifestyle score improved CVD risk prediction. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted among 67250 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 29279 men i...

Background Epidemiologic studies have reported a modest inverse association between dairy consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether plasma metabolite profiles associated with dairy consumption reflect this relationship remains unknown. Objectives We aimed to identify the plasma metabolites associated with total and specific dairy...

Objective: There is limited description and documentation of the methods used for the categorization of dietary intake according to the NOVA classification, in large-scale cohort studies. This manuscript details the strategy employed for categorizing the food intake, assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), of participants in the Nurses...

Background: Conclusive data on the effectiveness of dietary interventions in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) management are unavailable. Whether this is due to a true lack of effects or biases in intervention designs remains unsettled. We systematically assessed the impact on LDL-C of published dietary randomized controlled trial...

Objective: We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1986-2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991-2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Adhere...

Background Walnut consumption is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unknown whether plasma metabolites related to walnut consumption are also associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Objectives The study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with walnut cons...

Background: Cardiometabolic conditions are a major and growing health burden in many countries. At least one-third of middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity develop various combinations of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other cardiometabolic conditions. Currently, all relevant clinical and community guidelines recommend li...

Background Determinants of coronary artery calcification (CAC) prevalence and severity in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia remain understudied. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate correlates of CAC in patients with HeFH. Methods CAC score was calculated by non-contrast computed tomography scan in women (n=68) a...

Objectives Plant-based diets may lower type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Whether changes in adherence to plant-based diets are associated with subsequent T2D risk remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the associations between 4 year changes in plant based diets and subsequent 4 year risk of T2D. Methods We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurs...

Background: Whether egg consumption is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unsettled. Objectives: We evaluated the association between egg consumption and T2D risk in 3 large US prospective cohorts, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods: We followed 82,750 women from th...

Scope The plasma metabolomics profiles of protein intake has been rarely investigated. We aimed to identify the distinct plasma metabolomics profiles associated with overall intakes of protein as well as with intakes from animal and plant protein sources. Methods and Results Cross‐sectional analysis using data from 1,833 participants at high risk...

Background: Evidence suggests that pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with morphologic and metabolic alterations in the small intestinal mucosa. Exploring these alterations generally requires invasive methods, limiting data acquisition to subjects with enteropathies or undergoing bariatric surger...

Background We aim to evaluate the association of within‐individual changes in consumption of total and specific types of nuts and the subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in US men and women. Methods and Results We included 34 103 men from the HPFS (Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study) (1986–2012), 77 815 women from the NHS...

Objective To evaluate the association between egg intake and cardiovascular disease risk among women and men in the United States, and to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Design Prospective cohort study, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012), NH...

Objective: We evaluated the associations of long-term changes in consumption of sugary beverages (including sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) with subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: We followed up 76,531 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2012), 81,597...

Background Nut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies....

Background: Whether changes in dairy product consumption are related to subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unknown. Objective: We evaluated the association of long-term changes in dairy product consumption with subsequent risk of T2D among US men and women. Methods: We followed up 34,224 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up...

Objective: Most pregnant women gain weight above recommended levels, and this weight gain affects mothers' and children's health. Factors influencing gestational weight gain (GWG) are numerous and include eating behaviours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between eating behaviours and GWG while considering pre-pregnancy...

Background: Whether changes in consumption of sugary beverages or artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk has never been evaluated. Objective: We evaluated the association of changes in sugary beverage and ASB consumption over a 4-year period with subsequent 4-year risk of T2D among U.S. women and men....

Background: The relationship between changes in dairy product consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been evaluated. Objective: We evaluated the association of 4-year changes in dairy product consumption with subsequent 4-year risk of T2D among U.S. men and women. Methods: We followed-up 35,148 men in the Health Professionals Follow-...

Objectives: To evaluate the association of changes in total consumption of nuts and in specific type of nuts (e.g., walnuts, other tree nuts, peanuts) and subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in three large prospective cohorts of U.S. men and women. Methods: We included 34,222 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study...

Intestinal TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in insulin resistance (IR). We investigated the association of plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) concentrations with apoB-48-containing TRL metabolism in 148 men displaying various degrees of IR by measuring in vivo kinetics of TRL...

The mechanisms underlying the oversecretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in insulin-resistance (IR) states in humans remain to be fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the plasma levels of insulin and glucose and the intestinal expression of key genes in...

Background The substitution of omega (ω)-6 (n–6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is advocated in cardiovascular disease prevention. The impact of this substitution on lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) remains unknown. Objective In men with dyslipidemia...

Background and aims Maximizing the acute reduction of LDL-cholesterol (C) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is the main goal of lipoprotein apheresis (LA). The objective of this study was to examine how the pre-LA serum TG concentrations influence the efficacy of LA to acutel...

Background: In a simulated gastrointestinal environment, the cheese matrix modulates dairy fat digestion. However, to our knowledge, the impact of the cheese matrix on postprandial lipemia in humans has not yet been evaluated.Objective: In healthy subjects, we compared the impact of dairy fat provided from firm cheese, soft cream cheese, and butter...

Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) with dextran sulfate adsorption (DSA) is a reliable method to decrease LDL-cholesterol (C) concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of LA with DSA on the mRNA expression of genes associated with cardiovascular health i...

Background Previous studies have reported high plasma concentrations of both intestinal apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing lipoproteins and PCSK9 in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, the extent to which LDL receptor deficiency and PCSK9 levels influence plasma apoB-48 concentrations in humans remains to be fully character...

Translated abstract from French: Modern nutrition science development and its application rely mostly on the model of evidence-based medicine (EBM). However, scientific knowledge is hardly as infaillible as we would tend to believe, which overburden dietitians with the discontent of the persistent incapacity of detaining the scientific proof associ...

Background Insulin resistance is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with an overproduction of atherogenic intestinal triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs). However, the mechanisms underlying this increased secretion of intestinal TRLs remain to be fully understood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between the...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and dyslipidemia constitutes a major risk factor for CVD and premature atherosclerosis. Therapies reducing the plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins are well-established interventions that decrease CVD risk. However, treatment of dyslipidemia with th...

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between IR, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the kinetics of TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 in a large sample of insulin sensitive (IS) and IR men. Methods: The in vivo kinetics of TRL apoB-48 were measured in 151 men following...

The objective of this systematic review was to determine if dairy product consumption is detrimental, neutral, or beneficial to cardiovascular health and if the recommendation to consume reduced-fat as opposed to regular-fat dairy is evidence-based. A systematic review of metaanalyses of prospective population studies associating dairy consumption...

Because regular-fat dairy products are a major source of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFAs), current US and Canadian dietary guidelines for cardiovascular health recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products. Yet, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported rather mixed effects of reduced- and regular-fat dairy co...

Aim: The objective of the present study was to gain further insight into intestinal cholesterol homeostasis in dyslipidemic men with insulin resistance (IR) by examining the impact of treatment with ezetimibe on the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and LDL receptor (R)-mediated uptake of lipoproteins. Methods: Twenty-fiv...

Substantial evidence exists indicating that elevated plasma levels of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing lipoproteins are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Overaccumulation of apoB-48-containing lipoproteins of intestinal origin observed in patients with insulin-resistance (IR) is thought to be attributable to both elevated i...

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis (LA) is a reliable method to decrease LDL-C concentrations and remains the gold standard therapy in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two LA systems [heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP) vs. dextran sulfate adsorption...

The impact of dairy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) needs further research. To investigate the impact of milk consumption on a wide array of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS (blood lipids, cholesterol homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, endothelia...

Several studies have presented evidence suggesting that dairy consumption has beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) in healthy subjects; however, only a few studies have examined this possibility in patients with established essential hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate how con...

Autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR), its ligand apoB or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. PCSK9 regulates LDL-C levels by binding to LDLR, thereby enhancing its intracellular degradation. Although PCSK9 levels have been shown to be elevated in FH subjects...