Jean-Philippe Chippaux

• MD, PhD
• Institute of Research for Development

Echis ocellatus envenomings are a public health problem in West Africa, leading to bleeding and hypocoagulability. The aim of this study was to assess the hemostasis disorders associated with E. ocellatus envenoming. Envenomed patients with an abnormal whole blood clotting test (WBCT) were prospectively included at Tanguiéta, Benin. A WBCT with a s...

Snakes responsible for bites are rarely identified, resulting in a loss of information about snakebites from venomous species whose venom effects are poorly understood. A prospective clinical study including patients bitten by a snake was conducted in Cameroon between 2019 and 2021 to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a marketed polyvalent...

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) constitutes a public health, social, and economic problem affecting poor communities in intertropical and subtropical regions. This review sought to synthesize literature on snakebite envenomation in Benin to highlight research perspectives and strategies for better management of the menace. A literature search performe...

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in sub-Saharan countries. Antivenom is the only etiological treatment. Excellent tolerance is essential in managing SBE successfully. This study aimed to evaluate tolerance of InoserpTM PAN-AFRICA (IPA). It was conducted on fourteen sites across Cameroon. IPA was administered intravenously and r...

When immunology was still in its infancy, Gaston Ramon made several major contributions to humoral immunology [...]

Résumé La mise en garde contre les revues prédatrices s'intensifie. Destinées à capter les manuscrits avec la promesse d'une publication rapide, ces revues ont pour principal objectif de percevoir des frais de publication abusifs. Se prévalant parfois de facteurs d'impact imaginaires, elles ne sont pas indexées et n'apportent aucune garantie de vis...

Résumé Introduction Les revues scientifiques constituent le principal outil de transmission des idées et données scientifiques, dont elles assurent l'enregistrement, la validation, la diffusion et l'archivage. Elles sont aussi un objet économique qui représente un chiffre d'affaires mondial annuel de 25 milliards de dollars expliquant leur positio...

Résumé Introduction La dose d'antivenin recommandée par le fabricant pour le traitement des envenimations ophidiennes, soit 2 ampoules d'Inoserp® Pan-Africa (IPA), un antivenin polyvalent, systématiquement en première intention, n'est généralement pas appliquée en raison du coût élevé qui est à la charge exclusive du patient. Nous avons évalué sur...

Hemostasis impairment represents the most threatening consequence of Viperidae envenoming, notably with Bothrops genus. In the French departments of America, B. atrox envenomation in French Guiana may lead to bleeding while B. lanceolatus envenomation in Martinique to thrombosis. Bleeding related to B. atrox envenomation is attributed to vascular d...

Background Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon. Methodology/Principal findings We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in...

Bothrops venoms are rich in enzymes acting on platelets and coagulation. This action is dependent on two major co-factors, i.e., calcium and phospholipids, while antivenoms variably neutralize venom-related coagulopathy effects. Our aims were (i) to describe the composition of B. atrox and B. lanceolatus venoms; (ii) to study their activity on the...

Résumé Contexte Les essais cliniques sur les morsures de serpent ont souvent utilisé des critères de décision hétérogènes qui demandent à être standardisés. Méthode Un groupe d'acteurs clés mondialement représentatifs s'est réuni pour parvenir à un consensus sur un jeu universel de critères de décision de base. Les domaines d'intérêt et les instr...

Abstract This overview aimed to describe the situation of healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa, excluding South Africa, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A PubMed® search from March 31, 2020, to August 15, 2022, selected 116 articles. Healthcare access and consequences of COVID-19 were assessed based on comparisons with months before its onset or an...

Introduction: Secondary infection is a frequent complication after bites by Bothrops atrox in French Guiana or B. lanceolatus in Martinique. Knowledge of the bacteria present in snake mouths is a valuable aid for determining probabilistic antibiotherapy after Bothrops bite. The objectives of this study were to describe the cultivable bacteria of t...

Snakebite clinical trials have often used heterogeneous outcome measures and there is an urgent need for standardisation. A globally representative group of key stakeholders came together to reach consensus on a globally relevant set of core outcome measurements. Outcome domains and outcome measurement instruments were identified through searching...

Background The elimination of onchocerciasis requires increasing ivermectin treatment coverage in communities hypoendemic for onchocerciasis. In areas where loiasis is co-endemic, this approach is complicated by the risk of serious adverse events following treatment with ivermectin in individuals with a high Loa loa microfilarial density (MFD). We...

Objective: This work aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare supply in sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa. Method: A search through PubMed® between April 2020 and August 2022 selected 135 articles. The impact of COVID-19 was assessed on comparisons with the months prior to the onset of COVID-19 or an identical season in previous...

The Liberian Forest is a biodiversity hotspot. Detailed knowledge of biogeographical distributions of species could aid conservation efforts there, but such knowledge is sparse for reptiles through most of Liberia. To alleviate this, we present here a synthesis of current biogeographical knowledge of snakes in Liberia. To create the synthesis, we c...

The Liberian Forest is a biodiversity hotspot. Detailed knowledge of biogeographical distributions of species could aid conservation efforts there, but such knowledge is sparse for reptiles through most of Liberia. To alleviate this, we present here a synthesis of current biogeographical knowledge of snakes in Liberia. To create the synthesis, we c...

Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that causes over 100,000 deaths each year. The only effective treatment consists of antivenoms derived from animal sera, but these have been deemed with highly variable potency and are usually inaccessible and too costly for victims. The production of antivenoms by venom-independent techniques,...

Résumé Introduction Les morsures de serpents sont mondialement reconnues comme problème de santé publique, accentué par une insuffisance des données épidémiologiques, particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne, limitant l’organisation de la prise en charge des morsures de serpent en Afrique subsaharienne. Les centres antipoisons (CAP) devraient con...

Toxins from Bothrops venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemi...

Although snakebite incidence is underestimated in Bolivia, the Amazon region presents the highest incidence of these accidents. The local effects of bites by some non-front-fanged colubroid (NFFC) snakes are usually confused with that of viperids, resulting in the improper use of antivenoms and medications. Since there is scarce information on clin...

We evaluated the safety, optimal dose, and preliminary effectiveness of a new-approach Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera) Antivenom (AAV) in a phase I/II, multicenter, non-randomized, single-arm clinical trial involving 20 participants with multiple stings. Participants received 2 to 10 vials of AAV depending on the number of stings they suffere...

Safety, optimal minimum dose, and, preliminary effectiveness of a new generation Africanized honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) antivenom (AAV) were evaluated. A phase I/II, multicenter, non- randomized, single-arm clinical trial involving 20 participants showing multiple stings were studied. Participants have received either 2 to 10 vials of AAV based o...

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of snakebite envenomation, which is still little known in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to describe the clinical, biological and ultrasonographic aspects of AKI following severe snakebite envenomation managed in the intensive care unit. Method: A prospective observational surve...

Context: Heloderma bites are rare and generally mild, but a few cases can be life threatening. Methods: Description of Heloderma bite was searched in medical literature. Discussion: We present a synthesis of clinical and biomedical effects of envenomation by Heloderma sp. based on 22 well identified cases described in medical literature. Three life...

In Mexico, scorpion sting envenomation (SSE) is a significant public health issue that has engaged the attention of health authorities for more than a century. Rigorously characterized today, scorpion sting incidence is stable around 230 stings per 100,000 population, i.e. 300,000 annual stings treated in Mexican health centers and hospitals. Highe...

Snakebite envenomation is a global health crisis and is classified as a Category A neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). Snakebite envenomations account for a significant amount of morbidity and morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, publications have illustrated the potential for snake envenomations c...

Background Heloderma bites are rare and generally mild, but a few cases can be life threatening. Case report We report a case of Heloderma suspectum envenomation in a healthy 39-year-old herpetologist. The patient rapidly developed tongue and lip swelling associated with stridor. On arrival at ICU, he was hypotensive, and in shock with atrial fibr...

Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an environmental and occupational hazard in Africa and a disease of poverty that is responsible for an estimated 30,000 - 50,000 deaths and 90,000 - 150,000 disabilities and disfigurements every year across the continent. There is little data on the clinical presentation and management of snakebites in sub-...

Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an environmental and occupational hazard in Africa and a disease of poverty that is responsible for an estimated 30,000 - 50,000 deaths and 90,000 - 150,000 disabilities and disfigurements every year across the continent. There is little data on the clinical presentation and management of snakebites in sub-...

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a global health crisis and is classified as a Category A neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. An overwhelming majority of snakebites worldwide occur in remote areas far from equipped medical facilities. Most clinicians that have the opportunity to treat neurotoxic victims are unprepared...

Le nombre d'articles concernant les envenimations s'accroît, mais ils y manquent encore trop souvent les informations et la présentation nécessaires à l'évaluation des besoins pour une prise en charge appropriée. L'auteur propose quelques critères pour rendre les données plus informatives et fait des recommandations pour améliorer la présentation d...

Snakebite is a critical public health issue in tropical countries, particularly in Africa, where 20% of snakebites globally occur. In 2017, the WHO added snakebite envenoming to the category A of neglected tropical diseases. In 2019, thanks to broad institutional and international NGO support, including strong mobilization of African experts and go...

Traditional medicine plays an important role in the daily lives of people living in rural parts of Ethiopia. Despite the fact that Ethiopia has a long history of using traditional medicinal plants as an alternative medicine source, there is no checklist compiling these plants used for snakebite treatment. This review collected and compiled availabl...

A 20-year-old man presented to a rural hospital in Bembéréké, northern Benin, after a witnessed bite from a small, dark snake to his left foot that occurred 3 hours earlier. The description of the snake was consistent with several neurotoxic elapids known to inhabit the area in addition to various species from at least 10 different genera of non-fr...

The West African carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) causes more deaths than any other snake in sub-Saharan Africa. Carpet viper envenomations are characterized by a venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and systemic bleeding syndrome, in addition to local symptoms of painful progressive swelling and tissue destruction. The highest mortality rate is se...

Over 600,000 people are killed or maimed by snakebites every year in rural areas of the developing world in austere environments without automated laboratory testing for diagnosis or monitoring of envenomed patients. Venom-induced coagulopathies are one of the most common manifestations of snake envenomation worldwide and occur in over two-thirds o...

Em 2015 as revistas científicas impressas completaram 350 anos de existência. É fácil compreender que neste longo período de tempo as padronizações de citação (metadados) foram bem estabelecidas. A partir de 1991 Paul Ginsparg lançou nos EUA a primeira revista eletrônica que se tem notícia. Infelizmente até o momento não existe uma padronização def...

There is no reliable estimate of burden of snakebite-envenoming (SBE) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We derived from a meta-analysis the burden of SBE related deaths, amputations and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in 41 countries in SSA. The annual burden was estimated at 1.03 million DALYs (95% Confidence Interval: 0.80–1.28 million DALYs). T...

Background: In Senegal, a sub-Sahara African country, snakebite represents a huge issue now considered as neglected disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of Inoserp® Panafrican antivenom in peripheral health structures. Method: A management algorithm defined according to preliminary clinical studies...

Background In central Africa, millions of individuals infected with Loa loa have received the anthelminthic drug ivermectin as part of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns targeting onchocerciasis control or elimination. Nonetheless, the parasitological surveys which are occasionally conducted to evaluate the impact of ivermectin treatments on...

Background. - In Senegal, a sub-Sahara African country, snakebite represents a huge issue now considered as neglected disease. Objective. - The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of Inoserp (R) Panafrican antivenom in peripheral health structures. Method. - A management algorithm defined according to preliminary clinical...

The whole blood clotting test (WBCT) is a simple test of coagulation that is often used in the assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of snakebite patients in sub-Saharan Africa. WBCT requires only a clean glass tube and several milliliters of venous blood and is ideal for use in poorly equipped health centers throughout the rural areas...

Yellow fever was transported during the slave trade in the 15th and 16th centuries from Africa to the Americas where the virus encountered favorable ecological conditions that allowed creation of a sustainable sylvatic cycle. Despite effective vector control and immunization programs for nearly a century, yellow fever epidemics reemerged in many La...

Atualmente não se questiona mais a substituição do formato impresso pelo eletrônico. Entretanto, no final do século XX esse tema era fonte de debate acalorado entre os editores das revistas cientificas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar a evolução da primeira revista eletrônica científica brasileira, mantida e editada ininterruptamente desde 19...

Background Snakebite has only recently been recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO. Knowledge regarding snakebites and its care is poor both at the population level, and at the health care staff level. The goal of this study was to describe the level of knowledge and clinical practice regarding snakebite among health care staff from...

Objectif Cette étude clinique menée au Sénégal poursuivait un double objectif : d’une part, évaluer la prise en charge des morsures de serpent au niveau des structures de santé périphériques du Sénégal et d’autre part, proposer une stratégie de traitement des morsures de serpent par Inoserp® Panafricain nouvellement mis sur le marché. Méthode Les...

Background: Pregnant women are more susceptible to P. falciparum than before pregnancy, and infection has consequences for both mother and offspring. WHO recommends that pregnant woman in areas of transmission receive intermittent preventive treatment starting in the second trimester. Consequently, women are not protected during the first trimeste...

Atualmente não se questiona mais a substituição do formato impresso pelo eletrônico. Entretanto, no final do século XX esse tema era fonte de debate acalorado entre os editores das revistas cientificas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar a evolução da primeira revista eletrônica científica brasileira, mantida e editada ininterruptamente desde 19...

O The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (JVATiTD) foi indexado nas bases Web of Science (WoS) e Scopus (Scimago) em 2006. Entre 2007 e 2012 o fator de impacto (FI) estabilizou-se entre 0.30 e 0.55. Para aumentá-lo, em 2013 estabeleceu-se parceria com a BioMed Central-Springer-Nature e uma série de ações foram propos...

Background Envenomation caused by multiple stings from Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera constitutes a public health problem in the Americas. In 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported 13,597 accidents (incidence of seven cases per 100,000 inhabitants) with 39 deaths (lethality of 0.25%). The toxins present in the venom, which include me...

On June 9th, 2017 WHO categorized snakebite envenomation into the Category A of the Neglected Tropical Diseases. This new situation will allow access to new funding, paving the way for wider and deeper researches. It should also expand the accessibility of antivenoms. Let us hope that it also leads to cooperation among stakeholders, aiming at impro...

The venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus produces a neurotoxic and myotoxic syndrome that can lead to the death. Specific antivenom is the only treatment to neutralize the toxicity of the venom and the precocity in applying the antivenom is crucial for the efficiency of the treatment. We studied the variation of the immunochemical reactivity and n...

In Africa, snakebites are neglected medical and surgical emergencies despite their high incidence and severity. Lacking mandatory reporting, in contrast to most Latin America and Asian countries, there is no official and consolidated epidemiological data. The main consequence is the lack of accurate assessment of therapeutic needs.

Background Better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of snakebites could help to take measures to improve their management. The incidence and mortality of snakebites in the Americas are most often estimated from medical and scientific literature, which generally lack precision and representativeness. Methodology/Principal findings Au...

Background: The antigen VAR2CSA plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A VAR2CSA-based vaccine candidate, PAMVAC, is under development by an EU-funded multi-country consortium (PlacMalVac project). As part of PAMVAC's clinical development, we quantified naturally acquired...

Discovered 120 years ago, passive immunotherapy remains the sole etiological treatment of envenomations, particularly those caused by snakes and scorpions. Antivenoms are composed of immunoglobulins produced by animals immunized against certain venoms. Improvement of antivenoms, most notably by advances in the methods used for immunoglobulin purifi...

In Africa, snakebites are neglected medical and surgical emergencies despite their high incidence and severity. Lacking mandatory reporting, in contrast to most Latin America and Asian countries, there is no official and consolidated epidemiological data. The main consequence is the lack of accurate assessment of therapeutic needs.

Snakebite envenoming has a heavy burden in the public health in sub-Saharan Africa. The viperid species Echis ocellatus (carpet viper or saw-scaled viper) is the medically most important snake in the savannahs of western sub-Saharan Africa. Several antivenoms are being distributed and used in this region for the treatment of envenomings by E. ocell...

Common in the southern and eastern Mediterranean basin, scorpion stings can develop into a severe medical emergency, especially in young children. Here we review several principles of diagnosis and treatment. The indications for antivenom and symptomatic treatment are detailed according to the symptoms and clinical severity of envenomation.

Background: Snakebite poisoning is a significant medical problem in agricultural societies in Sub Saharan Africa. Antivenom (AV) is the standard treatment, and we assessed the cost-effectiveness of making it available in 16 countries in West Africa. Methods: We determined the cost-effectiveness of AV based on a decision-tree model from a public...

Background: Snakebite is a common neglected public health issue, especially in poor rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. Passive immunotherapy with safe and effective antivenom is the only approved treatment for it. This study aimed to determine the incidence of snakebites, and to assess the availability and accessibility of...

Background: Although considered a public health issue in Senegal, the actual incidence and mortality from snakebite are not known. In the present study, an epidemiological survey was carried out in Kédougou region, southeastern Senegal, where envenomations, particularly by Echisocellatus, are frequent and severe. Methods: Three sources of data w...

Background: In Africa, snakebite envenomations are frequently complicated by life-threatening hemorrhagic syndromes. The authors of the present study conducted a prospective analysis at the University Hospital of Parakou (north of Benin) for seven months (January 1 to July 31, 2014) to assess the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnosis of...

Background Snakebites cause considerable death and injury throughout the globe, particularly in tropical regions, and pose an important yet neglected threat to public health. In 2008, the Centre Anti Poison et de Parmacovigilance du Maroc (CAPM) started to set up a specific strategy for the control of snakebites that was formalized in 2012. The aim...

During the 6(th) International Conference on Envenomation by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa held in Abidjan, from 1 to 5 June 2015, the measures for the management of envenomation were discussed and new recommendations were adopted by the participants. The high incidence and severity of this affliction were confirmed by several studies co...